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Методолошки концепти картографије

Author(s): Vesna Ikonović,Dragica Živković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2007

Cartography is a science, technique and art. Cartography is organization and communication of geographical connected information in graphical and digital forms. That can include all conditions of data prepared for presentation and usage. Cartography in the contemporary society is a system of diverse manifestation forms dominated by making and using traditional and virtual cartosemiotic models of reality and fiction. Cartography is dynamic science, which developing its disciplines according to demands of modern theory and needs of practical sciences, often tacking and overlaying with their researching fields. On that way there are becoming new disciplines (bridges between sciences), which not leading to new differentiation but their integrations. That new disciplines are: Cartoinformatics (geoinformation cartography), Geoicons and Geoimage.

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Методолошки поступци истраживања интензитета хемијске ерозије

Author(s): Predrag Manojlović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2002

Researching of intensity of chemical erosion nowadays includes different methods, which can be divided into three groups: laboratory experiments, terrain experiments and empirical methods. This work analyses some methods and results that are obtained by their use.

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Могућност примене географских информационих система у решавању развојних проблема општине Сјеница

Author(s): Dejan Šabić,Miško Milanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2005

The paper describes reality method sand geographical information systems (GIS- tehnologies) in integration GIS system. Sjenica is a specific area of the our state and therefore must notes of all elements and factors in environmental. GISs differ from the other types of information systems in that they manage huge quantities of data, enquire complex concepts to describe the geometry of objects and specify complex topological relationship between them. The paper describes our proposal for the project GIS for local community of Sjenica based on GIS technologies, with particular reference to the GIS demands and possibilities.

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Могућност примене ГИС-а за потребе планирања транспорта опасног отпада

Author(s): Tamara Glavonjić-Jojić,Marko V. Milošević,Milena Panić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 1/2010

Hazardous waste management system as a separate segment includes the transportation of hazardous waste, which specifically includes transportation from the place of its origin to the place of storage, treatment or final disposal. This function includes all forms of transport, but experience has shown that the most used one is a road traffic, which also carries an extremely high risk of possible occurrence of accident and endangering the local community, material resources and environment. Therefore, it is necessary to establish control over transport option, and the risk too, which is achieved by conducting risk assessments and then selecting the optimal transport routes. In each of these phases GIS has found its major application, enabling operation with different types of data, a simplified procedure of multi-criteria analysis and a clear visual representation of the received results.

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Морфометријска анализа вртача на Мирочу употребом GIS-а

Author(s): Tamás Telbisz,László Mari,Jelena Ćalić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2007

Mt. Miroc doline karst evolution and its determining factors such as geology, relief and structure are analysed using GIS tools. The 3064 dolines found in a 123 km2 area support the use of different statistical methods. Doline density (24.9 km-2) is relatively high and mean doline area (1697 m2) is relatively small. Both frequency analysis and field evidence suggest that doline karst evolution of the area is at a relatively young stage. Spatial distribution of the dolines is mainly determined by the Upper Jurassic limestone, and slope angle less than 12°. Furthermore, the anticline limbs and axis as well as the SW-NE trend fault lines are also in connection with doline density. However, doline long axis orientation is tpyically NW-SE, which is not in accordance with the observed rupture systems. Therefore, this issue requires further research.

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Неодрживе псeудoурбaнe последице законске и урбанистичке терминологије

Author(s): Velimir Lj. Cerimović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 3/2011

City planning is a complex task and through this work we face the space and natural resources that expose the exploitation (that are to be exploited and prone to unsustainable change). Often without environmental responsibility and the imperative of creating certain measures we make superstructure no matter how much the environment may be disrupted, and whether such relationships create a better society, better network of urban settlements and a better man. At that may also affect our knowledge which is often due to a variety of doctrines and legislative regulations that are applied in the planning and management space. From this it can be seen that modern architecture did not contribute to the creation of better cities. Also, urban planning is mainly restricted to the regulation and it neglected the creative action, regional-planning is lost in theoretical research, while the consideration of the whole problem is abandoned. In addition to this, in today’s transitional terms and the domineering (dominant) urban crisis unsustainable combination and identification of the “2D” and the “3D” terminology is recognizable, which is only indicators that in the field of urban planning some transitional trends are prevailing. This unsustainable state of affairs in the transitional planning of urban areas can be applied in the most suitable way to pseudo-urbanization, sub-urbanization, unbalanced eco-reciprocity, non-standard construction of the urban tissue, discontinuity inherited and newly constructed urban substance. In this regard, consequently expressed negative environmental legacy of reproduction and the increased effect of the negative consequences of greenhouse gases from the threatening climate change, only shows that urban planners are not sinless and, they more or less (un)consciously complicit and participate in the contamination of urban and environment. In the end, it definitely guides us to the need to leave or transformation of the previous concept of planning and urbanization, which of us greatly and led to today's threatening effects of greenhouse gases. On this bases the need to articulate the sustainable integrative concept can be recognized with a high degree of urban eco-awareness, knowledge and skills of all professions that participate in the planning and construction of sustainable eco-urban development built environment.

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Ниски полифазни флувијални нивои Црног Тимока у Зајечарском басену

Author(s): Dragan Nešić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2004

The problem of origin and extension of the river terrace in Serbian valleys has been dealt with by many explorers. Beside those extensive investigations, this problem has not been explained enough. Therefore, more detailed investigations of river terraces were taken оn a smaller region in the valley of the river Crni Timok in the basin of Zaječar (the Eastern Serbia). A series of low river terraces ( the first terrace of r.h. 3-5 m, the second terrace of r.h. 5-10 m, the third terrace of r.h. 10-16 m and the furth terrace of r.h. 20-30 m) and two special levels (inundation level of r.h. 0-2 m and the level of low shelves of r.h. 2-4 m) were set aside on this tract. This series of low river terraces of the river Crni Timok brought about the idea of the cyclic origin of some terrace series, which is to be tested by future explorations.

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Обележавања пројектованих граница природног добра Вршачке планине употребом методе RTK GPS/glonass

Author(s): Siniša Delčev,Olivera Vasović,Vukan Ogrizović,Jelena Gučević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2012

The existing topographic and cadastral maps of the former Yugoslav republics are in Gauss-Krüger projection on Bessel ellipsoid. For the collected GPS data to comply with the existing cartographic material, it is necessary to provide the transformation parameters from WGS84 to Bessel ellipsoid and according to the principles of cartographic mapping, to make mappings in the plane of the State Coordinate System (SCS). The aim of this research is to present the surveying activities necessary for the establishment and maintenance of digital cartographic basis, which is shown in the test area of “VRŠAC MOUNTAINS”, a Serbian region with outstanding characteristics. In order to establish a connection between the collected data, it is necessary to primarily calculate the parameters of transformation from WGS84 into the SCS. After the vectorisation of projected boundaries from bases made in the SCS, the transformation of vectorised boundary lines from SCS into the WGS84 is carried out, followed by staking the boundaries. To understand the fundamental differences in the methodology of using GPS receivers, it is important to emphasise that the concept of GPS determination of the coordinates is generally divided into absolute and relative positioning. If the correct procedure of GPS positioning, applied to certain environmental conditions, is not followed, the error up to 200 m could be expected. Conclusions are drawn about the selection of staking methods, related to the applied instruments and specific field conditions. The stakeout procedures are given in accordance with the principles of geodetic positioning. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 043007: Istraživanje klimatskih promena i njihovog uticaja na životnu sredinu: praćenje uticaja, adaptacija i ublažavanje]

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Основне карактеристике београдског острва топлоте

Author(s): Goran Anđelković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2003

The influence of the man on the city atmosphere and climate is manifested in the change of the values of all the climatic elements. Since from the beginning of the 19th century, it is cosidered that the climatic influence of the urbanization is most clearly manifested in the air temperature. To be more precise, all cities, big and small, have a higher air temperature than their immediate surroundings. And so, a urban heat island is being formed. That goes for Belgrade too. The intensity and the proportions of this phenomenon are changing within time and space. Precisely this problem is being discussed in this paper.

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Основне морфометријске карактеристике рељефа Србије

Author(s): Predrag Manojlović,Slavoljub Dragićević,Sanja Mustafić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2004

By using the database that is based on grid system of 1 km2 from Laboratory of physical geography, few quantitative maps have been made. Their researching and analyzing can show global relations on Serbian territory. Their importance overcomes geomorphologic needs, because they could be used for spatial planning, economic needs and environment protection.

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Положајна тачност географских информација и савремени стандарди за њено оцењивање

Author(s): Mirko Borisov,Branko Božić,Stevan Radojčić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2011

Positional accuracy is important quantity element of quality of geographical information in digital as well as in analoguos form. This paper points to importance and necessity of evaluation of positional accuracy in recent conditions, describes two modern standards for positional accuracy evaluation and shows the results of its implementation on raster topographic map at scale 1:50.000 made by Military Geographical Institute.

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Прилог теоријско методолошким концепцијама климатске регионализације

Author(s): Vladan Ducić,Milan Radovanović,Željko Bjeljac / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2004

According to the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), examination of the climatic characteristics of any given area should cover a 30-year period (for instance, the years 1931 to 1960, or, 1961 to 1990, etc.). In time, changes and oscillations happen in climate, so that the climatic regions will also change, in time and in space. Such alterations are a frequent subject of scientific studies, concerned with cyclical nature and fluctuations of climate. Research of meteorological and climatic elements is, in fact, the precondition of knowing what the climate is, and without this knowledge it would be pointless to discuss any kind of concrete climatic regionalization. Depending on aims that we wish to accomplish, there is practically a limitless possibility of studying regions in one way or another. Essentially, though, the main starting assumption is that it would be desirable to perform a general climatic regionalization of the world, or of any territorial unit, and, starting from that, to proceed with subdivision into smaller climatic zones. A quite opposite approach, perhaps more appropriate in certain cases, would be to start research from the other end, by examining each station in detail, so that maximum-quality data could then serve to give us an idea about the spatial presence of various indicators.

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Примена RHS метода у сливу Голијске Моравице

Author(s): Ana Milanović,Marko Urošev,Dragana Milijašević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2006

River Habitat Survey (RHS) is terrain method developed in UK in 1994. for determination of physical character of rivers and river basin. This method is applied for the first time in Golijska Moravica river basin. Two indices which broadly describe the diversity of river habitat and landscape features (Habitat Quality Assessment (HQA)) and extent and severity of artificial modification to the channel (Habitat Modification Class (HMC)) has been developed for reporting purposes. These are based on simple scoring systems which have been agreed by technical experts.

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Примена геостатистике у просторним анализама

Author(s): Branislav Bajat,Dragan Blagojević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2007

During the last decade, the development of computational technique has influenced wider implementation of numerical methods in different software applications, which are oriented to processing, presentation, and analysis of spatial data. This is particularly the case for geostatistical methods, which were developed for analysis of the data, which include spatial components. Those methods provide analytical processing and description of spatial continuity, which is an important characteristic for numerous natural phenomena. Implementation of classical statistical methods does not allow the perception of spatial distribution of natural phenomena. The development GIS (Geographical Information Systems) applications, especially geostatistical modules, enabled a lot of users dealing with spatial modelling and analysis to apply them in their work.

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Пример методолошког решења за избор и примену географских информационих система

Author(s): Sanja Smiljanić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2005

Today on the market there is a variety of GIS technology and a great number of systems in usage but nevertheless these commercial systems represent extended functional possibilities, system configurations, data structures, performance characteristics and costs. Because of that it is important for organizations to have methodology which will help them to determine if the benefits from GIS technology adoption are greater than costs, and if they are, to decide which system to adopt.

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Природни бедствия в България – кризисни събития за периода 2010 – 2018 г.

Author(s): Ralitza Berberova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The paper presents an overview of the occurrence of crisis events from natural processes and phenomena in our country. Official data from the National Statistical Institute covering the period 2010–2018 were researched. The results show that natural disasters are among the most common causes of crises. Over half of the reported crises of a natural origin are the result of floods.

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Промене параметара протицаја Дунава код хидролошке станице Оршава у периоду 1841-2000

Author(s): Vladan Ducić,Jugoslav Nikolić,Slavoljub Dragićević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2006

The aim of this investigation was to declare long-term trend of discharge, over its different parameters. Hydrological station Orsova is selected not just because of series’ length but also reliabilities of observation. By analyzing data, we exclude possible local and regional anthropogenic influences on discharge. Trend analyzes of all parameters of Danube discharge near Orsova hydrological station in the period of 160 years show increase of discharge and decrease of extremeness.

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Пронос силта у сливу Јерме

Author(s): Predrag Manojlović,Sanja Mustafić,Slavoljub Dragićević / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2003

The specific carrying of silt, in the Jerma river basin to the profile Trnski Odorovci, is 82,3 t/km/year. In some years it is extremely high (in 1969, 267504 t, or 480.0 t/km/year of silt has been carried out of basin) while in the other it is very low (in 1979 only 10.4 t/km/year). On the other hand, the seasonal differences in silt concen-tration and amount of erosion are very significant. So, complexed influence of all physico – geographical factors has great influence on seasonal rhythm of carrying and silt concentration. The most erodible are winter and spring months.

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Прорачуни унутаргодишње расподеле отицаја и минималних протицаја Великог Рзава за потребе регионалног водоводног система “Рзав”

Author(s): Marko Urošev / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2007

Minimum water discharge and seasonal flow calculations of Veliki Rzav at Arilje have been conducted for the purposes of regional water supply system “Rzav”. For the first time for this hydrological station minimum water discharges have been calculated by frequency curves, parameters of which have been determined by method of moments. Also for the first time in Serbia seasonal flow was calculated using “composing method”. Analysis presented in this paper can be used for exploitation and planning of upcoming water management activities in the regional water supply system “Rzav.

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Просторна дистрибуција отицаја у сливу Темштице

Author(s): Sanja Mustafić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2006

The values of specific runoff are defined by model of multi factorial analyses combined with method of “grid” system. Elemental unit is presented by unit field of 0.5x0.5km. Such multi regression model of high statistical significance enables analyses of specific runoff from many aspects. First aspect is establishing the amount and distribution of water for every altitude zone in total runoff creating. Second is presented in its altitude distribution in dependence of altitude existing of some lithologic-hydrologic complex; at the and from aspect from spatial regionalization it is possible to perceive water distribution within the river basin. By that we could realize water condition of some differential and contrast areas. Application of above mentioned methods as well as processing of each relevant parameter for studying these kinds of problems are carried out in GEOMEDIA program.

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