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Aspects Regarding External Stresses on Dams During the Years 2000 – 2016. Case Study – 22 Reservoirs in Prut – Bârlad Catchment
The Prut - Barlad Water Basinal Administration has a complex program of observations and hydro meteorological measurements. For a number of 22 reservoirs, special behavior monitoring is carried out, according to the Normative for the Monitoring of Hydrotechnical Constructions NP 087-2003. The main external stresses monitored at the dams of these accumulations are: rainfall, temperatures, water level in the lake. A study period of 17 years between 1999 and 2016 was chosen for the analysis. The paper presents the multiannual evolution of the maximum water levels in the reservoirs chosen for the study.
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Aspects Regarding Side Displacement and Deformation as Effect of the Subsidence Process Caused by the Exploitation of Mineral Underground Deposite
This paper addresses two aspects related to the manifestation of the subsidence process on the surface, caused by the exploitation of deposits of useful mineral substances (coal, ores and salt), respectively the analysis of the functional - stochastic model used to determine the displacement and deformation parameters of the surface. Taken into account, was the subject of previous research by the authors. In order to determine the displacement parameters, the rigorously processed repeated measurement method was used.
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Aspects Regarding the Modeling of Water Distribution Networks using Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and the Epaet Program
Upgrading water distribution systems in towns imposes the study of water distribution networks, starting from a global vision including the current situation, the management of each element of the system as well as their exploitation, development and optimization. The water distribution system consists of a number of interconnected hydraulic elements, each of them characterized by certain relations among the variables that have been chosen to describe their functioning. Currently, the GIS system has the advantage of enabling the collecting and validation of all available information, leading to the possibility of a coherent data set for the elaboration of a hydraulic model. In order to analyse the running of the system, the current practice restricts the analysis model of these elements, so that the parameters could be molded within the existing simulation systems. The paper presents various possibilities to analyse the functioning of a water distribution system.
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Assessing the uncertainty of historical map information is a prerequisite for using this source type for land cover reconstructions. We assessed the accuracy of forest cover information from 1930 / 1940 Swiss topographic maps (Siegfried maps) by comparing them with forest cover gained from orthophotos and terrestrial photos from the same period. Orthophotos were considered to contain the true forest cover information and consequently inconsistencies between historical maps and orthophotos were considered as true errors (over or underestimation of the forest cover on the map ). Terrestrial photos reflect the surveyors perspective in the field and we therefore used this source type to develop hypotheses on potential reasons for inaccuracy of map information. Generalized linear models were used to test the hypotheses. The results confirmed our expectation that disagreement between maps is more likely to occur near forest edges, at higher altitudes and in less accessible and visible areas. Contrary to our expectations terrain slope did not play a significant role to explain surprisingly high rates of inaccuracy occurred in forest core areas.
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Assessment of Hydromorphological and Hydrodynamic Alterations Caused by Anthropogenic Interventions on the Riverbed. Case Study Danube Bala Branch New Bottom Sill
The necessity for navigation conditions improvement on the Lower Danube lead to the construction of a submerged bottom sill on the Bala branch. This paper presents differences that occurred between riverbed bathymetry and water current velocity values recorded in measurements campaigns using multibeam and ADCP techniques carried out before and after the bottom sill was built (June 2013 and March 2016). The comparative hydromorphological analysis showed the emergence of erosion areas up to -17.4 m and deposition areas up to 9.5 m. As for the hydrodynamic alterations, above the new built bottom sill, the water current velocity values of over 3.0 m/s were recorded.
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The Metaliferi Mountains are located in the southern area of the ApuseniMountains. In these mountains there are the most important gold and silver deposits inRomania and Europe. An unusual feature of the gold-silver mineralization is the presenceof gold and silver tellures, discovered for the first time in the deposits in the “goldenquadrangle” Brad - Săcărmb - Roşia Montană - Baia de Arieş. In this study there are someclarificationsregarding the genesis of these mineralizations and the effects of local tectonicsand geology on the formation of gold and silver deposits.
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Audit Analytics, Administrative Accounting, Internal Auditing: Cadastre Corporate Governance
In the Greek cadastre the usage of audit analytics is below any expectations according the European and International standards, although internationally internal auditing is increasingly accepted. In order to address this problem, the innovative concept “Cadastre Audit Analytics, CAA” is introduced in this article. Then, the concept is projected in three contexts and became a framework rich in collaborative financial engineering functionalities. Finally, the article discusses the application conceptual model (audit analytics, administrative accounting, and internal auditing) as an intermediate step towards a well-defined and documented accounting, auditing, and corporate governance system, in accordance with the international accounting standards.
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Photography plays a key role in geographical studies but also in teachinggeography. For the geographical photography there are some important aspects regardingthe photographic technique: setting the correct size of the image, white balance, ISOsensitivity, image format, time exposure, aperture, knowing the functioning of theincorporated light bulb, focalization, the optic and digital zoom, measuring the luminosityin the scene that is about to be photographed. In this study, there will be presented the mostimportant types of photography that are used in geography, while in the last part of the study,the most important rules that must be respected when framing and shooting are described.In the end it is presented a glossary which includes 29 terms of speciality that are used in thispaper.Photography plays a key role in geographical studies but also in teaching geography. For the geographical photography there are some important aspects regarding the photographic technique: setting the correct size of the image, white balance, ISO sensitivity, image format, time exposure, aperture, knowing the functioning of the incorporated light bulb, focalization, the optic and digital zoom, measuring the luminosity in the scene that is about to be photographed. In this study, there will be presented the most important types of photography that are used in geography, while in the last part of the study, the most important rules that must be respected when framing and shooting are described. In the end it is presented a glossary which includes 29 terms of speciality that are used in this paper.
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Though the bastions of the city of Bjelovar were of symbolic character, and thus primarily presented more an indication of an urban entity borderline and less a real defence system, the manner in which they were transformed essentially defined the urban structure morphology. Levelling and transformation of the forts was realised within a fairly brief period at the turn of the 18th to the 19th century, whereby – following the best European examples – a representative urban stretch with a round street circling the former town centre, concentrated public town spaces and buildings of public use was formed. By analysing features of town planning according to the model defined in the author’s doctoral dissertation, it was established that Bjelovar belonged to the group of towns of integral type 1-B, characterised by a prevailingly mixed structure combined with buildings of (mostly) public use in the insulae, with a round street as a part of the traffic system in the area of the former forts, thanks to which the town-planning interpretation of space in the place they presently take in the urban matrix was enabled. The comparison with examples of Croatian and European cities (Varaždin, Vienna, Riga, Wroclaw and Würzburg), which belong to the same integral type according to town-planning features of space on the locations of bastion fortresses, has clearly indicated to the significance of the location rightfully referred to as the Bjelovar ring, and to the common town-planning principles of shaping cities in Croatia and Europe in the 19th century. It may therefore serve as an element in defining planning postulates of future town-planning interventions in the subject area.
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Blockchain Entrepreneurship: Building Sustainable Cadastral Practices
Today the state-of-the-art research in entrepreneurship involves the application of both the innovative Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) and the Blockchain data structure to classical economy and (cadastral) management disciplines (i.e. corporate finance, peer-to-peer management, digital marketing, digital cadastral management, etc.). Despite the well known recognition of the importance and the role of the peer-to-peer (P2P) computing in the development of entrepreneurial financial and cadastral management strategies, as well as distributed firms and decentralized companies, there have been just few attempts to apply DLT/Blockchain methodology to financial practices in general; and absolutely no attempts at all to apply this methodology to cadastral related applications in particular. So, a number of hot-red issues have arisen in this field. The purpose of this article is to indicate opportunities for useful applications in the developing field of DLT entrepreneurship research. Hence, this article introduces, describes, evaluates, and documents new sustainable Blockchain functionalities and corporate finance practices for (green) entrepreneurship and sustainable cadastral practices.
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The structure, texture and age of the sediments of the higher (5–12 m) terrace of the Kamionka river between Suchedniów and Rejów are presented. These horizontal and cross-bedded sandy-gravel channel alluvia were accumulated by a braided river during the end of the Wartanian stadial (TL datings: 127–119 ka). Their grain size and structure differ in the wide and narrow sections of the valley, which was caused by changes of flow energy and differentiation of sedimentological fluvial subenvironments. Alluvia were covered by very coarse colluvia in the gap section. Dunes formed on top of the terrace in the Vistulian (climatic factor) and the last centuries (anthropogenic factor).
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Business Analyst Online and ArcGIS Online
In this paper we want to emphasize the use of an ESRI application, called Business Analyst Online. The application and the data are hosted and maintained by ESRI. The study has been developped in order to show the main facilities and integration with ArcGIS Online. It had been taken into account eight criteria, based which it was concluded the most appropriate county to work in cadastral domain.
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Cadastral GIS
What are the benefits of implementing a Geographic Information System in the Cadastral workflow in Romania? Almost all local authorized surveyors and firms are somehow involved in Cadastre, doing their jobs with different levels of technology. What we introduce here is a Cadastral software and technology that offers benefits for all the factors activating in the Land Registration process, by organizing cadastral information starting from an Administrative Territorial level to parcel level (and not vice versa) using a GIS approach, that makes it easier to organize data and spot out missing information and material errors in documents and map data.
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The present paper aims at the inclusion in the integrated land book systemof some streets located in the village of Şugag, in order to issue a Government Decision forthe attestation of the right of ownership.: The present paper aims at the inclusion in the integrated land book system of some streets located in the village of Şugag, in order to issue a Government Decision for the attestation of the right of ownership
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Cartography Targets for Shaping Sustainable Regions
Regional sustainability was recognized as one key issue connecting urban to national sustainability. The developments have however emphasized that beside wanted effects of technological progress, undesired negative effects can appear. Some scenarios for the future regional development estimate that by 2050 regions will gain more self-administra-tion and development competence in the context of the own countries. In this regard technical and economic fields should be taken into account in connection to the social one, where special attention has to be paid to the field of cartography. This is becoming more relevant regarding assuring regional sustainability because of the need of land property clarifications. Without maps, people would hardly be space oriented and the knowledge about spatial relations and objects locations in space is a first condition for assuring a successful economic development. In the last time the scientific level in cartography has been strongly developed, so that maps can be currently automatically derived from geo-data acquisition methods and presented in a range of forms, from maps on mobile phones to augmented reality presenta-tions. In this paper some cartography targets will be debated for getting sustainable regions.
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Combined Multi-beam Echo Sounder and Acoustic Doppler Profiler Mapping of the Danube-Epurasu Branch in Order to Determine the Influence of Newly Constructed Hydrotehnical Structures
This article details field research conducted at the Epurasu branch of the Danube River that sought to investigate the influence of newly constructed hydrotehnical structures. The study area was surveyed with two vessels, aiming to investigate the morphology and flow field characterizing this secondary branch and to provide data in order to observe the state of the riverbed and bedforms, velocity, and possible morphologic changes. The first vessel was equipped with a multibeam echosounder and on the second one an acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) was used. The results of the research revealed changes in the riverbed morphology and highly detailed imagery of the riverbed and of the hydrotehnical works.
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Comparative Analysis of Specific Deformations Geodetic Reference Systems in Romania
Based on the theories of Ptolemy emerge so far and Romania various systems cartographic projections: Stereographic 1930, Stereographic 1970 or Universal Transverse Mercator, which are used today. Each of these cartographic projection systems presents both advantages and disadvantages. Analyzing the deformations in the main cartographic projections in our country, using a generic program of transformation of geospatial coordinates from one CRS to another, we can obtain visually appropriate interpretations and make statistics, with the possibility of the percentage, the advantages of using one or the other.Based on the above-mentioned criterion, the scientific paper aims to present the implications from the point of view of the linear deformations, which each of these projections generates, as well as a comparative analysis between them, more suggestively, the advantages of cartographic representation in each case.
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Comparative Study on the Institution of Cadastre in International Context
Land ownership has always been the basis of all civilizations. The state has always sought to know and to be informed about the extent and distribution of public and private property. For this reason, it was felt that there was a need to describe and register in the records the property limits to have a clear record of them, to control or limit them and to set the tax on the property. Thus, through the cadastre, a system of general and compulsory registration of the entire land fund is realized irrespective of the ownership of the property and the category of its use. Thus, the cadastre does not study the land itself but establishes the ways in which all technical information concerning the land fund is collected, processed and represented on the maps and plans together with the inclusion in the Land Registry of the related legal acts and deeds. In this context, this paper seeks to carry out a comparative study on the cadastre institution in an international context as well as to identify the elements that can serve to create a most viable cadastral system.
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