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Анализа стања животне средине у општини Гроцка као основ интегралне планске заштите

Author(s): Danijela Obradović-Arsić,Dejan Filipović / Language(s): English,Serbian / Issue: 3/2010

The structure and use of space of city municipality of Grocka was influenced by its specific position and resources, as well as by development processes that have taken place in recent decades. Apart from the natural, the way of spatial development was significantly influenced by anthropogenic factors, often disturbing the natural conditions and opportunities. In that sense, the analysis of existing environmental state is an important basis of integrated planning of future spatial development of the municipality. Several different sources of environmental pollution are identified in the municipality of Grocka, some of which have "significant" impacts on closer and wider environment. This paper presents the state of environment in individual elements (air, water and soil), problems of noise, waste and the risk of accidents in the municipality, and finally made valorization of the environment from the pollution level.

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Археологически и геоложки изследвания за възстановяване на моделите на заселване и обитаване по поречието на р. Хаджийска и южните склонове на Еминска планина, България

Author(s): Zhivko Uzunov,Bilyana Kostova,Boyan Dumanov,Irena Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2021

The main objective of this paper is to present the fieldwork results of archaeological and geological investigations in the area of Hadjiyska river and the southern slopes of Eminska Stara Planina in Bulgaria. The area of interest is home to a large number of archeological findings dating back from the Late Antiquity (4-6th c.) and the Middle Ages (7-18th c.), and fewer from older periods (prehistorical, Thracian and Roman periods). Geological observations show presence of alluvial, prolluvial-delluvial, and prolluvial hollocen sediments. Combining the results of archaeological and geological research allowed for (i) the verification of the hypothesis that older archaeological objects are covered by accumulated sediments, and (ii) an attempt to look into the livelihood in the area.

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Астрономија голим оком у масовном туризму

Author(s): Milutin Tadić / Language(s): English,Serbian / Issue: 1/2016

This paper considers the possibility of developing astro-tourism in small countries such as Serbia and other Balkan countries, with "discreet" astro-tourism reduced to naked-eye astronomy as part of mass tourism rather than elite tourism that is realized through specialized programs with spacecraft and space stations, spectacular planetariums and observatories with giant telescopes. The specific relationship between the virtual and the real world is highlighted in this paper especially when considering younger generations. Furthermore, the differences in the way stars are perceived by astronomers and "ordinary" tourists or non-astronomers is also emphasized. Tourists are not enchanted by celestial bodies themselves, but by a complete scene, which consists of integrated skyscapes and landscapes, as a complex stage where in various combinations and forms these celestial bodies are observed, and of their own experience. These complex sky-earth landscapes, astro-landscapes, present astro-tourism resources of the small countries like Serbia, provided that a tourist can "read" their astronomical text. In this regard, Belgrade was used as the example for drafting a "package" of astronomical information that can be easily prepared and adapted according to the needs of a particular group, so that every tourist may know what can be seen, where and when. With the help of a rotating star map (planisphere), visitors may observe the sky with the naked eye.

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Викенд насеља сићевачке клисуре

Author(s): Mikica Sibinović,Ivan Ratkaj,Marija Martinović / Language(s): English,Serbian / Issue: 2/2010

In this paper we present an analysis of the impact of an intensive process of building rest and recreation houses and the establishment of settlements in the Sićevačka gorge, Serbia, from the 1960s to the beginning of the 20th, century. The analysis is based on field research conducted in 2001/2002nd, as well as official statistical data. In this paper, settlements are defined by their spatial distribution, characteristics of the local position within the existing territory (Atari), and basic trends in development and advanced geospatial changes. Special attention is devoted to the consideration of how the density of temporary settlements (weekend) has impacted the permanent (continuous) population as well as the territorial and population development of existing rural settlements.

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Висински градијенти падавина у Србији

Author(s): Nenad Živković,Goran Anđelković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2004

Using average annual precipitations data for period 1961-90. from all rain gauges in Serbia, southern of Sava and Danube rivers, the map of altitude precipitations gradient is constructed. 59 regions homogenious for relation X = f (H) are obtained by regression analysis method (two-dimensional type, X – precipitation height and H – altitude). Some new method are applied, some limitations are shown, some regularities are found in disposition of precipitation growth and it is indicated on practical application of this method in physico-geographical research.

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Геосистемност комплексних географских атласа

Author(s): Jasmina Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 3/2012

Complex geographical atlases represent geosystems of different hierarchical rank, complexity and diversity, scale and connection. They represent a set of large number of different pieces of information about geospace. Also, they contain systematized, correlative and in the apparent form represented pieces of information about space. The degree of information revealed in the atlas is precisely explained by its content structure and the form of presentation. The quality of atlas depends on the method of visualization of data and the quality of geodata. Cartographic visualization represents cognitive process. The analysis converts geospatial data into knowledge. A complex geographical atlas represents information complex of spatial - temporal coordinated database on geosystems of different complexity and territorial scope. Each geographical atlas defines a concrete geosystem. Systemic organization (structural and contextual) determines its complexity and concreteness. In complex atlases, the attributes of geosystems are modeled and pieces of information are given in systematized, graphically unique form. The atlas can be considered as a database. In composing a database, semantic analysis of data is important. The result of semantic modeling is expressed in structuring of data information, in emphasizing logic connections between phenomena and processes and in defining their classes according to the degree of similarity. Accordingly, the efficiency of research of needed pieces of information in the process of the database use is enabled. An atlas map has a special power to integrate sets of geodata and present information contents in user - friendly and understandable visual and tactile way using its visual ability. Composing an atlas by systemic cartography requires the pieces of information on concrete - defined geosystems of different hierarchical level, the application of scientific methods and making of adequate number of analytical, synthetic and complex maps. The essence of each database is its model. The selection of model - the organization of database is very important.

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ГИС-базиране технологије и њихова примена у пољопривреди

Author(s): Emilija Manić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2006

Geographical information systems are in use in business application for a long time; but their usage in agriculture is well known, too. This article shows the main structure of geographical information systems for decision support (spatial decision support systems) as advanced GIS technologies made for solving complex, semistructured or nonstructured problems and their application in the agriculture sector. GIS-based technologies has been reviewed through several examples of their use in agriculture and special respect has been given to the precision farming concept, giving short insight into SSToolbox software (SST). The last part of the article is dedicate to the possibile usage of GIS-based technologies in the Serbian agriculture.

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Експеримент с мобилна станция и дисперсионно моделиране в търсене на отговор на въпроса трафикът ли е източникът на пиковите обгазявания на Стара Загора с азотни оксиди

Author(s): Yanka Stoyanova,Nikolai Takuchev / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 1/2018

Between 2006 and 2012, the stationary automatic air quality monitoring station in Stara Zagora, Bulgaria repeatedly registered peaks of the nitrogen dioxide concentration over-treshold levels (the highest so far in Bulgaria), with unknown origin. The main suspect was traffic оn the street near the measuring station. The behavior and intensity of air pollution with nitrogen oxides emitted by the motor vehicles crossing a city junction, with three times more intense traffic than that near the stationary station, was investigated. The study included vehicle counting and subsequent dispersion modeling. At the time of counting, total urban nitrogen pollution in the junction area was measured by a mobile station. Within seven years - 2010, 2011 and 2017 were conducted three studies of the junction. It was found that for 7 years in the city‘s car fleet only the number of small passenger cars is decreased (49 times). The maximum concentrations of nitrogen oxides, both measured and calculated, are close in magnitude and are several times smaller than the peak values measured by the stationary station. That is, the analysis of the experiment data showed that the traffic is not the source of the peak pollution with nitrogen dioxide over Stara Zagora. Nitrogen oxides pollution often concentrates around the southwestern corner of city junctions due to the prevailing wind direction from the north-northeast.

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Загадки на зоогеографията

Author(s): Petar Beron / Language(s): Bulgarian

The book explores contemporary trends in zoogeography. Hypotheses for the settlement of the islands of Madagascar, New Zealand, Fiji, New Caledonia and many other areas of the earth and oceans are discussed. This edition raises many questions, some of which about mysteries and real puzzles - how the moa came to New Zealand, why the Madagascar fauna is so different from the African one. There is evidence of the mysterious fauna of caves such as Movile and Ayalon. Along with the past of Sahara and Antarctica, the fauna of the Balkan Peninsula has not been missed. The separate chapters are accompanied by the most important literature on the issues at stake.

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Изотермна карта источне Србије

Author(s): Nenad Živković,Sanja Smiljanić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2005

In this paper is shown an attempt of creating annual isothermal map of Eastern Serbia in conditions where appropriate number of stations is not available, especially on the higher altitudes. According to the natural boundaries are formed 15 regions, with profiles that consist from one lower and one higher station. Because of area dimension it was necessary to use as referent points like some mountain picks for which temperatures were created projections according to the distant profiles. Comparing results of temperature gradients with same results obtained by regression analyses, we can make a conclusion that our method has validity in the sense of more precise prognosis of temperature for the smaller areas.

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3.00 €

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Иновативни образователни практики и политики чрез прилагане на геоинформационни системи и технологии

Author(s): Kliment Naydenov / Language(s): Bulgarian / Issue: 5/2021

Modern global education is characterized by an active transition to the use of new geographic information technologies. The new educational policy orients teachers and university professors towards the introduction of modern teaching methods based on the use of geoinformation and communication technologies. Modern educational technologies provide an opportunity for maximum solution of the problems for the development of education and its individualization. The system for retraining and in-service training of teachers (and teachers in pedagogical universities)also does not sufficiently take into account the vital need to master information technology by working teachers. So far, the processes of self-education predominate in the development of such technologies. Information and communication technologies(ICT) are evolving rapidly on a daily basis. Geographic information technologies, such as geographic information systems (GIS), remote sensing (RS) or global positioning systems (GPS) are important parts of ICT. They are used especially in geography education, but are not limited to this. Geographic information technologies provide such new methods and means of information processing that provide high visibility for displaying diverse information and an accessible set of tools for reality analysis. GIS has great potential for information analysis in order to make management decisions in the socio-economic sphere. The publication reveals the problems of higher and secondary education related to modern geoinformation technologies for searching, interpreting and demonstrating various geographical data. Basic guidelines for the development of the implementation of geoinformation technologies in the learning environment are presented.

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Интензитет хемијске ерозије у сливу Нишаве

Author(s): Predrag Manojlović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2002

The Nisava catchment comprehends the area of 4068 km2. There are differences in erosion intensity due to different physical-geographical characteristics of that area. Mehanical water erosion in the Nisava catchment is 302,4 m3/km2/yr and chemical erosion is 67,2 t/km2/yr. Space differences are large (47,1-115.5 t/km2/yr) and are mostly determined by hydrological and lithological characteristics of that area.

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Искуства и проблеми у имплементацији просторних планова општина

Author(s): Dejan Filipović,Velimir Šećerov / Language(s): English,Serbian / Issue: 1/2010

Since the adoption of the Planning and Construction Law, 2003., started the producing of the series of spatial plans, among which the most dominant position have the spatial plans of municipalities. Legal obligation and, less frequently, the understanding of the necessity of adopting and implementing this type of plan, contributed to the fact that they are made today in the most cases. Compliance with the procedures of making the local (municipal) spatial plan is an assumption to his adoption, while its implementation is left to the decision makers at the local level and capacities that local self-governments has. In order to implement the plan as much as possible, necessary is to prescribe the clear measures and instruments for his realization and to define the precise implementation mechanisms that will contribute to his implementation. For this reason this paper aims to highlight some examples of the past practice in making the planning documentation and to point out some problems in their implementation that may occur due to a different understanding of the municipal spatial plan importance and his implementation mechanisms. The intention is to emphasis the strategic component of the municipal spatial plan and its developmental importance, in relation to the technical and regulatory dimension that such kind of a document has and which can be often found in practice through the insistence on the rules of planning and construction as the only implementation mechanisms.

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КАТЕГОРИЯ «ЛЕГЕНДАРНЫЙ ГОРОД» И ЕЕ ФУНКЦИИ ДЛЯ ГЕОИСТОРИЧЕСКОГО РЕГИОНА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ДНЕПРОВСКОГО НАДПОРОЖЬЯ)

Author(s): O.E. Afanasyev,A.E. Trotsenko / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 3/2013

Современный ландшафт в географии давно перестал быть просто территорией, превратившись в сложную систему пространственно-смысловых значений. В этом ракурсе в объект географических исследований входят мифические, легендарные географические объекты как сложные пространственно-ментальные системы, основанные на представлениях людей о территориях, на образах мест. Особое место в этих системах занимают «легендарные города» — известные из тех или иных исторических источников населенные пункты, которые на сегодняшний день не локализованы достоверно в пространстве. С ни- ми, как правило, связан огромный информационно семиотический пласт, являющийся неотъемлемой частью духовной культуры народа.

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Колебање температуре ваздуха на простору Старе планине у инструменталном периоду

Author(s): Vladan Ducić,Milan Radovanović,Boško Milovanović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 2/2005

In this paper are presented the results of research, considering on air temperature variability in Stara planina area. In southeast part of researched area it is noticed negative trend in the last 50 years of XX century, according to data of IPCC for Southeast Europe. Emphasized air temperature increase in summer period in almost stations is not pointed on dominant influence of anthropogenic greenhouse effect.

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Колебање температуре ваздуха у Србији у другој половини XX века

Author(s): Milan Radovanović / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2004

According to data of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel for Climatic Change), the global surface air temperature increased to 0,6 ± 0,2 °C in the 20th century. Weber G. R., (1995) quotes that there is a trend of cold in the last 60 years in the middle latitudes including Europe, too. Starting from already mentioned perplexities we have tried to perceive the problem of climate variability in Serbia in the second half of the 20th century, when it came to very important increasing of concentration of CO2. With that aim we observed the decade values of average annual temperatures in the network of 20 climatic stations. In the period 1951 - 1990 a decrease of temperature was registered in 13 stations while in other stations an increase was less than 0,1 °C. Explorers from Bulgaria (Аlexandrov V., 2000) and Hungary (Domonkos P., Zoboki J., 2000) came to similar results, too. However, if we take in account the last decade 20th century the number of stations with positive changes is enlarged on 15. Stations that have small changes and those with decrease of temperature were localized in the south and south - eastern part of the country, and they are mainly coincided with before separated climatic regions with maritime pluviometric regime (Radovanovic M., 2001). Using Dzerdzevskis B. L., (1975) division on three main types of circulation in the north hemisphere, we found that the increase of temperatures in the last decade 20th century is above all caused by change of dominant type of circulation from the south meridian to zonal. An analysis of seasonal changes showed that in the last five decades 20th century it came to decrease of winter temperatures in almost half of the stations in contrast with results of paleoclimatics models of posible greenhouse effect.

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КОНФЕРЕНЦИЯ «ПЕРЕНОС СТОЛИЦЫ: ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЙ ОПЫТ ГЕОПОЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ»

Author(s): Irina Genadijevna Konovalova,A.A. Frolov / Language(s): Russian / Issue: 5/2013

28–29 октября 2013 г. в Институте всеобщей истории РАН состоялась научная конференция «Перенос столицы: Исторический опыт геополитического проектирования», организованная центром исторической географии и центром по подготовке «Всемирной истории» ИВИ РАН.

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Методика визначення оптимальних точок розміщення засобів радіомоніторингу

Author(s): Serhii Dupelych,Viktor Bovsunovskyi,Dmytro Yakymets,Oleksandr Zhantalai / Language(s): Ukrainian / Issue: 05/2021

The effectiveness of the radio monitoring system depends on the correctness of determining the coordinates of the location of radio monitoring tools at the stage of planning their application. The decision on the choice of position for radio monitoring should consider the heterogeneity of the terrain in the area of tasks, the presence of natural and electronic interference, which can lead to deterioration of conditions for receiving signals from radio sources. The use of the known methods, techniques, and algorithms for the placement of radio monitoring tools does not fully consider the requirements mentioned above. This leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of radio monitoring in a particular area of performance. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to develop a methodology for spatial placement of radio monitoring to ensure the effectiveness of radio monitoring in a particular area of tasks, taking into account the heterogeneity of the terrain, as well as natural and artificial electronic interference. Determining the coordinates of radio monitoring facilities included in the radio monitoring system involves determining the allowable options for their placement in a particular area of tasks using the mathematical apparatus of the dense placement function and its hodograph and further thinning of the matrix of acceptable solutions based on restrictions. A distinctive feature of the proposed approach is the optimization problem of geometric design for radio monitoring of complex spatial forms. At the same time, the peculiarities of completing the radio monitoring system using different types are also taken into account. It is expedient to use the developed technique for the planning of application of the system of radio monitoring; formation of working decisions on the construction of the radio monitoring system; assessing the quality of decisions and the formation of alternatives; ensuring the adaptation of the structure of the radio monitoring system to changes in the situation under the influence of the enemy and the formation of new zones of electronic interference.

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Методологија одређивања прагова за екстремне температуре ваздуха у источној Србији на примеру јануара и јула месеца у Неготину

Author(s): Goran Anđelković / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2006

The human life and the most of human activities are adapted to the normal climatic conditions everywhere in the world. Therefore any deviation in intensity, frequency or spatial distribution of climatic events is considered as extraordinary climatic phenomenon which could cause unpleasant consequences. These events are known as extreme phenomenon. In this paper are formulated extreme air temperature events and methodology for identification is considered on example of town Negotin in eastern part of Serbia.

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Методолошка грешка утврђивања концентрације суспендованог наноса на нашим рекама

Author(s): Slavoljub Dragićević,Predrag Manojlović,Jugoslav Nikolić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1/2007

Recent methodology of sampling and establishing silt deposit concentration in Serbian rivers is associated to numerous deficiencies. Daily concentrations of this type of river deposit on the most of the hydrological gauges were obtained on the base of only one measurement, which takes into consideration the matter of representative ness of those samples. Taking the samples of deposit in one point on the profile is little bit problematic because of dispersion of the obtained results. Very important matter is the question of choice of the sampling location. This analyses of data may lead to serious spots in calculating total carried deposit. From the above mentioned reasons, we decided to take precise measurements of silt deposit concentration as well as to establish methodological spots of measurements. The results of these measurements are analyzed and presented in this paper.

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