Modelowanie obiektów topograficznych w bazach danych historycznych

Author(s): Tomasz Panecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2015

Large informative potential of archive maps makes them a valuable source of spatial and attribute data for historians, geographers, archaeologists and planners. Since their proper application in GIS (Geographic Information System) often requires a proper database elaboration, there have been proposed several concepts of historical spatial databases. However, they do not include the full range of topographic maps’ content, and they were primarily based on secondary data sources (e.g. atlases, dictionaries). The aim of the paper is to propose the concept of topographic objects’ modelling in historical databases which will be based on archived maps in various scales developed over 150 years (eighteenth/nineteenth century – half of the twentieth century). Relating the data with current maps will be available through the connection between planned repository and contemporary spatial databases, e.g. Polish national Database of Topographic Objects (BDOT). In the project materials including Poland in modern borders will be analysed. Due to the variety of source materials, the main objective of text is to present the initial concept of historical topographic objects’ database structure on the example of the integration of topographic data geometry. The problem of how geometry should be stored for each features acquired from the map should be solved. Firstly, each of them can have a separate entry position (Time-slice snapshots) in the database. Secondly, socalled “metaobject” grid with fixed geometry, but variable attributes can be used (Space- -time composite). Since archive maps are characterized by a largely low mathematical precision, therefore its content vectorization without considering the topological relationships between features seems to be incorrect. Maps’ elements belonging to the cultural landscape (e.g. settlements, communication network) should rather be stored with fixed geometry and variable attributes. In the contrast, the natural landscape (e.g. hydrography, afforestation), due to the different and difficult to capture changes especially on inaccurate maps (e.g. course of the river) should be stored with individual geometry for each feature depicted on each map.

Odtworzenie przebiegu linii okopów z II wojny światowej (OKH Stellung b1) w Paśmie Jałowieckim i Grupie Mędralowej na podstawie numerycznego modelu terenu z danych LiDAR i badań terenowych

Author(s): Paweł Franczak,Witold Jucha / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2015

LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data are very useful in geographical,historical and archeological studies. It is because of large ALS point cloud precision,which makes possibility of studying small forms in relief, such as unmetalled roads,historical agricultural systems, archaeological sites or old field fortifications, like trenchlines.The aim of this article is test on the usability of LiDAR data in research of trench linesbuilt during Second World War in Poland, in Beskidy Mountains. The study area chosento this text was located in Jałowiec Range and Mędralowa Mountain Group in south-westof Małopolskie voivodeship, south of Poland (Fig. 1). Jałowiec Range and MędralowaMountain Group is a continuation to the north of the Massif Babia Góra (Beskid Żywiecki,Carpathians). The fortifications were been built in this area before and during the SecondWorld War. The first objects were built by Polish Army in 1939 and second time there wasbuilt two large fortification lines 1944, by polish people forced to do it by german soldiers.The most objects in studied area were made on the slopes of Malikowski Groń. Objectsfounded in 1944 were preserved in good condition up to the present day (Tab. 1). The fewobjects have been transformed by the geomorphological processes and by overgrown treesand shrubs on them. These objects have survived to this day, because they were notdamaged during hostilities. The research was performed on a piece of trench lineon Malikowski Groń (760 ma.s.l.) about 12,2 km long (Fig. 3, Fig. 6), Lachów Groń(708 m a.s.l.) about 1,6 km long (Fig. 3) and Mędralowa Mountain Group (1169 m a.s.l)about 2,3 km long (Fig. 4). During the field test the plan of trench lines (Fig. 3C, 5B) wasperformed by using GPS mapping and by measurement of the size and depth of thetrenches. Second plan (Fig. 3B, 5A) is the result of LiDAR data analyses and vectorization.After then the obtained results were compared in research analysis. The trenchlines and objects are quite good visible in LiDAR data, but it is impossible to do theclassification of point objects made in field observation (Tab. 1, 2, 3). However, asa general comment, it is the possibility to signing the object classes in neighbor areas byway of analogy to field testing research.

Wspomaganie procesu tworzenia polityki przestrzennej w gminie poprzez wykorzystanie prostych analiz GIS

Author(s): Piotr Fogel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

Analytical tools for GIS applications, as presented in this article, have a huge potential to prepare information and should be permanent instruments for supporting spatial planning and for impact assessment on environmental planning documents. The indicators presented provide information that may be used as data for further calculations. The values of indicators can be easily used as economic arguments in spatial development, more easily acceptable to producers of spatial policy.

Analiza zmian pokrycia terenu wokół autostrad za pomocą metod GIS

Author(s): Łukasz Lechowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

This article aims to develop a method of acquiring land cover changes data on the basis of high resolution orthophotography derived from Polish cartographic resources. The assessment of information sources was also examined in terms of its utility in such analysis. Simultaneously, using selected example, it was outlined, how the surrounding the A2 motorway area in the Stryków community had changed between the years 1996 and 2009. Some methods and tools applied in geoprocessing and spatial analyses were also presented. Many scientific publications describe data acquiring methods based on aerial photography and ortophotomaps that can be used in land cover and land use analyses. These methods may be divided into manual (visual), semi-automatic and automatic interpretation methods (e.g. raster, hybrid, object methods). In this survey the manual interpretation method was applied due to the input data accessibility e.g. ortophotomaps that were made only in the visible light spectrum with different tone colors and contrasts for each year (1996, 2004, 2009). This research involved following steps: (1) projecting of geodatabase structure, (2) visual interpretation of ortophotomaps in order to create land cover maps for 1996, 2004 and 2009, (3) delimitation of land cover changes, (4) survey results analysis with kernel density tool in order to present the density and direction of land cover changes in the neighbourhood of A2 motorway. The research indicated the straight majority of area surveyed in the years 1997–2009, was covered by gramineous vegetation and crops. However, the percentage of this class was decreasing systematically during those years. There was also remarkable increase for industrial and built-up areas. In the neighbourhood of A2 motorway in Stryków community, the growth of woodlands, wooded and shrubs area class was also noticed. For the building A2 motorway purposes there were created new gravel-pits and excavations of sand nearby the road. That is why for the area surveyed the percentage of greenfields was larger in 2009 than in 1996.

Zastosowanie GIS w badaniach przestępczości

Author(s): Stanisław Mordwa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

Nowadays geography can do much more in crime and delinquency research thanonly mapping. Since 70s of the 20th century various research methods have beendeveloped by scientists dealing with geography of crime. The computer tools, includingGIS software were the basis for that process. In the paper author presents followingmethods and research techniques: thematic maps (graphical representation of spatialdata, which enables to built geographical basic data models), hot spot analysis (pointingplaces with high crime concentration), spatial autocorrelation (spatial identification ofcrime concentration), spatial regression (analysis of crime and other accompanyingphenomena), ProMap – prospective mapping (prediction of the most probable placeswhere crimes might be committed), and geographical profiling (element of psychologicalprofiling thanks to which identification of places connected with criminals ispossible).

Modelowanie lokalizacji miejsc w przedszkolach w Małopolsce na podstawie dostępności przestrzennej

Author(s): Łukasz Kowalski,Anna Łobodzińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

In 2010 only about 50% of children aged 3–6 years in Małopolska region attended kindergartens. Such low index is to some extent an effect of the supply-demand mismatch. The problem becomes even more vital in the context of recent changes in education law. The introduction of obligatory attendance to kindergartens for 5-years-old and postponement of obligatory attendance to schools for 6-years-old children will probably contribute to increase in demand for places in kindergartens. The paper presents a model of location of new places in kindergartens in Małopolska. The authors based the model on potential model. The spatial accessibility to places in kindergartens was analysed in the context of demographic changes in the region. Analysis of demographic indicators in municipalities enabled authors to identify 15 most optimal locations for kindergartens in terms of population changes. Comparison of these data creates basis for estimating future demand for places in such institutions.

An estimation of potential flood losses in the context of floodplain development changes using GIS

Author(s): Ewa Głosińska,Łukasz Lechowski / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2013

This paper aims to define the amount of changes in potential flood losses on the basisof spatial distribution patterns of floodplain development using GIS tools. A procedurefor potential flood loss estimation has been developed in which GIS tools have beenapplied. A procedure for calculating flood losses applied in Polish legislation has beenused. According to this survey, in Gryfino, which is situated on the Odra river in years1996–2007 potential hazard of flood loss grew as a result of grow of floodplain areasdevelopment

Zastosowanie danych OpenStreetMap oraz wolnego oprogramowania do badań dostępności komunikacyjnej w skali lokalnej

Author(s): Piotr Drop,Paweł Gajewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2013

The authors of this paper intend to present the opportunities inherent in the use of the OpenStreetMap database, as well as the methods available for using open source software to study transport accessibility issues. It will focus on a local area near the city of Lublin.

Protected Rural Areas of Serbia – The Possibility of Sustainable Development (Example: Special Nature Reserve “Uvac” and the Settlement of Negbina)

Author(s): Bojana Mihajlović / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2015

Community Protected rural areas of Serbia, that is, administrative territories of settlements belonging to their geospatial coverage, need the integration of a range of fundamental and applied problems and objectives for possible sustainable development. The necessity of proposing and adopting mechanisms for sustainable development, while maintaining the consistency principle - focuses based on specific values of individual protected territories, would represent a fundamental prerequisite. Rural settlements which areas (partially or totally) belong to the Special Nature Reserve "Uvac", hereinafter referred to as SNR "Uvac", are characterized by disfunctional environmental protection. The establishment of appropriate management mechanisms would create the basis for not only environmental, but also demographic, and social development as well, which would allow finding a solution for the survival and revitalization of settlements and greater development opportunities.

Identyfi kacja obiektów antropogenicznych na archiwalnych zdjęciach lotniczych okolic Jedwabnego

Author(s): Anna Mirończuk,Zenon F. Poławski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2015

In connection with the research conducted by the Institute of National Remembrance relating to the participation in the murder of Polish citizens of Jewish nationality on 10 July 1941 in Jedwabne, in 2002 the Institute of Geodesy and Cartography provided an expertise in the field of the anthropogenic object detection in the Jedwabne area. The article presents the methodology and results of the analysis of archival aerial photographs concerning the assessment of anthropogenic forms. The results confirm a significant role played by archival aerial photographs in retrospective analyses. The use of aerial photographs usually enables a more accurate description of the site compared to a topographic map. Aerial photographs make it possible to register a complete picture of all the elements present on the surface of the earth at a specific time. This creates a possibility to detect constructions and historical areas with details greater than by comparing maps and documents from various periods, which makes archival aerial photographs a valuable source of historical-geographical studies.

Стање и динамика озонског омотача Земље са освртом на Монтреалски протокол

Author(s): Vladan Ducić,Snežana Đurđić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2005

The paper presents the analyses of the condition and dynamics of Earth’s ozone layer on the base of the latest satellite measurements and estimated results of the pollutants emissions. On the basis of those results it presented an attempt of explanation of the ozone layer dynamics by prospective causality. Furthermore, paper work contents analyses of activities and measures that are provided by international document known as Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer.

SMART CITY STRATEGIES “LONDON-STOCKHOLM-VIENNA-KYIV”

IN SEARCH OF COMMON GROUND AND BEST PRACTICES

Author(s): Anna M. Pozdniakova / Language(s): English Issue: 27/2018

The article aims to analyse the strategies of the selected progressive smart cities (London-Stockholm-Vienna)based on the methodology described below along with the strategy of the emerging smart city (Kyiv). The idea is to see which components of Smart Sustainable city Framework are covered by the “actual” strategies and how they are presented, which projects are currently underway and prioritised and how the evolvement process goes in different cities. We wanted to find common elements and approaches among the selected cities along with the best practices which can be taken into account by the cities when developing their ownSmart City Strategy based on the experience already available.

Assessment of Hydromorphological and Hydrodynamic Alterations Caused by Anthropogenic Interventions on the Riverbed. Case Study Danube Bala Branch New Bottom Sill

Assessment of Hydromorphological and Hydrodynamic Alterations Caused by Anthropogenic Interventions on the Riverbed. Case Study Danube Bala Branch New Bottom Sill

Author(s): Constantin Cârstinoiu,Gyorgy Deak,Bogdan Urițescu,Georgeta Tudor,Alina Florina Nicolae,Adrian Ștefan Zamfir,Tiberius Dănălache,Marius Olteanu,Marius Raischi / Language(s): English Issue: 23/2017

The necessity for navigation conditions improvement on the Lower Danube lead to the construction of a submerged bottom sill on the Bala branch. This paper presents differences that occurred between riverbed bathymetry and water current velocity values recorded in measurements campaigns using multibeam and ADCP techniques carried out before and after the bottom sill was built (June 2013 and March 2016). The comparative hydromorphological analysis showed the emergence of erosion areas up to -17.4 m and deposition areas up to 9.5 m. As for the hydrodynamic alterations, above the new built bottom sill, the water current velocity values of over 3.0 m/s were recorded.

The Influence of Land Reform on the Process of Territorial Organization

Author(s): Ion Botnarenco,Ludmila Ciugureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2022

Analyzing the evolution of the territorial organization process in the Republic of Moldova, we can mention that in a short period of time, land reforms have greatly influenced the sustainable use of land resources. The reason being the transfer of state-owned agricultural land to private property or rather, the division of land into small plots, which led to the impossibility of sustainable use of land resources. This reform has been inevitable and economically and socially justified and has led to a number of problems with the sustainable use of land resources, such as the disappearance of crop rotations, the maintenance and / or improvement of soil fertility, and the lack of an institutional system and the normative framework for the sustainable organization of land resources.

The Application of the New Codes Necessary for the Approval of the Registration Documents in the Land Register Within the National Agency for Cadastre and Real Estate Advertising

Author(s): George Voicu,George Emanuel Voicu,Florina Voicu / Language(s): English Issue: 33/2022

Databases and new technologies offer the opportunity to recover the gaps with the European Union and with the countries that understood earlier the role of new technologies in the modernization of public services. In this context, ANCPI makes efforts regarding the digitization of services, by making available users, natural or legal persons, new ways of connecting, requesting and charging for the requested services, through the e-terra, e-payment, etc. applications. The purpose of this article is to present some aspects related to the use of the new service codes, related to the approval and reception of the registration documents in the Land Registry.

Stress and compressibility calculation in subsoil of high embankments and effectiveness of speeding up subsoil consolidation

Author(s): Marian Drusa,Nguyen Giang / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2004

When designing a project of speeding-up consolidation of subsoil of high embankments, there are some influences that cannot be missed. Especially in geotechnical engineering, we have to work with influences and uncertainties that have origin in geological space and surveying possibilities. On a practical example we present a possible way of subsoil stress and compressibility calculation and influence of different input data on necessary time of 90% consolidation of subsoil of one leg of a high embankment that has impact also on design distance and amount of sand piles or geodrains.

Geopotential Model of Earth - Approximation of Earth Shape, Geopotential Model Testing Methods

Author(s): Robert Tenzer / Language(s): Slovak,English Issue: 4/2001

Stokes' geodynamic parameters in the expansion of the gravity potential of the Earth serve for a mathematical and physical description of an outer gravity field of the Earth, the shape and the size of the Earth. In this article, the results from testing of an accuracy of the geopotential model EGM 96 at the territory of Slovakia are published.

The main measuring point of the first Polish geodetic network on the summit of Łysica in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains in the light of verification archaeological research

Author(s): Szymon Orzechowski,Maciej Hajdukiewicz,Bartosz Kozak,Ihor Romanyszyn / Language(s): English Issue: 57/2022

The first professional geodetic network on Polish soil was established in 1829-1835. It was created for the mines and factories of the Old Polish Industrial District, which remained the largest centre of mining and metallurgy in Poland until the end of the 19th century. The main measuring point was established on the summit of Mount Łysica in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains. However, it was promptly destroyed and, despite detailed data published by one director of the project, Professor F.S. Armiński, it has only recently been rediscovered. Test excavations undertaken in 2019 revealed numerous inconsistencies between the archival data and the actual construction of the uncovered foundations.

Wąskie wizje cyfrowej rewolucji w mapowaniu. Usytuowanie Canada Geographic Information System w perspektywie feministycznej krytyki nauki i technologii

Author(s): Elżbieta M. Kowalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 34/2022

Na początku lat 60. XX wieku w Kanadzie rozpoczęto prace nad jednym z najbardziej dziś rozpoznawalnych, „założycielskich” komputerowych systemów do tworzenia przestrzennie zlokalizowanej bazy danych, zawierającej różnorodne dane społeczne, środowiskowe i ekonomiczne, oraz cyfrowej kartografii. To dzięki tym mapom decyzje dotyczące rozwoju ekonomicznego miały być podejmowane sprawniej i lepiej – cały program powstał wraz z inicjatywą wprowadzenia lepszych praktyk zarządzania krajowymi zasobami. Historia tego w pewnym sensie legendarnego programu ma znacznie szerszy wymiar. Owo „lepsze zarządzanie” ostatecznie nie przyniosło korzyści w kontekście rozwoju terenów wiejskich, umocniło natomiast kwitnącą w tym okresie urbanistykę, przemysł oraz nowoczesne koncepcje związane z rekreacją i wypoczynkiem. Canada Geographic Information System (CGIS) pozwalał na produkcję łatwo przyswajalnej kartograficznej formy, która zdawała się kompleksowo i obiektywnie pokazywać mapowane terytorium, ostatecznie zaś wspierała kolonialne schematy ugruntowane w poprzedzających rozwój tego systemu działaniach białych europejskich osadników.

NONPARAMETRIC CORRELOGRAM TO IDENTIFY THE GEOGRAPHIC DISTANCE OF SPATIAL DEPENDENCE ON LAND PRICES

Author(s): Winsy Weku,Henny Pramoedyo,Agus Widodo,Rahma Fitriani / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The spatial autocorrelation measurement of land prices uses a covariance function to describe the spatial dependence and it can be identified as a geographic distance on the correlogram. The geographic distance of spatial dependence can state that land prices are interdependent to each other and scattered in the research area. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to define the geographic distance of spatial dependence on land prices using a nonparametric correlogram. A nonparametric approach to covariance functions using the composition of Bessel and Gaussian-type functions are adopted because they correspond to the positive definite characteristics. The cubic spline interpolation is used to refine the curve fitting, while the intersection between the nonparametric correlogram value C(h) against the horizontal axis is determined using the Jenkins Traub algorithm. The results showed that the nonparametric correlogram identified a geographic distance of land prices smaller than the correlogram used so far. A small distance means that the land price in a location is greatly affected by the neighbors compared to a larger distance.