Zemepisná identifikácia riek na Slovensku v stredoveku a odvodený názov sídel

Author(s): Ferdinand Uličný / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2015

The theme of this study is to look through, identify and describe the circumstances that led to formation of the scientific knowledge of the geographical identification of flows of some rivers in Slovakia in the Middle Ages. The result is a recognition that to the lower, middle and upper streams of the rivers got the same name - hydronym. In the 13th-14th century settlers founded in the valleys of lower, but mainly in the upper parts of some rivers new villages, named by traditional names of the rivers. It happened at different times and in different locality, as in the case of Nitra, Važec, Hronec, Poprad, Torysa, Ondavka and other settlements. In the study we pay attention to group of the biggest rivers in Slovakia.

The Sound of Yellow: Kandinsky's yellow colour in von Hartmann's and Schnittke's music

Author(s): Neda Kolić / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (30)/2016

The pioneer of abstraction, Wassily Kandinsky (Васи́лий Васи́льевичКанди́нский, 1866–1944), used musical terms as titles for his paintingswith intention to release them from the themes, considering that musicis “the art which has devoted itself not to the reproduction of naturalphenomena, but rather to the expression of the artist’s soul, in musicalsound”. Through his paintings Kandinsky rethought the principles ofmusic. Not a painting, but an another artistic creation, through whichwe are given a chance to cognize Kandinsky’s comprehension of music,is The Yellow Sound (Der gelbe Klang, 1912), a “composition” for stage.It is the paradigm of Kandinsky’s “true stage-composition”, his totallynew view of theatre that consists of three elements – musical movement,pictorial movement, and physical movement, but interwoventogether in harmony that will trigger inner harmony in a spectator.Music for his scenario was provided by the composer Thomas vonHartmann (Фома́ Алекса́ндрович Га́ртман, 1886–1956), and anothermusical version was written by Alfred Schnittke (Альфре́д Га́рриевичШни́тке, 1934–1998 / Der gelbe Klang, 1974). In Concerning the Spiritualin Art Kandinsky presented his theory of colour through which he explainedhis own (synesthetic) view of yellow colour / sound, particularlyin comparison with blue colour, that was “musicalized” through TheYellow Sound. What kind of yellow and blue tone Kandinsky had inmind, and what nuances of these colours did von Hartmann / Schnittkesee / hear? What musical instrument(s) can produce yellow, i.e. bluecolour? Which music scale / tone / interval has yellow / blue tone(s)?Are we able to perceive all the shades of yellow / blue sound?

Silence as a symbol of death in the reflection of Gisèle Brelet and Tōru Takemitsu

Author(s): Marek Dolewka / Language(s): English Issue: 03 (30)/2016

The link between silence and death has been a recurring theme of human thought and can often be found in reflections on music. Among many attempts to approach this problem, the author of this paper focuses on those done by Gisèle Brelet and Tōru Takemitsu. The “faithful companion” of music which “perpetually is born, dies and is born again” – this is one of the ways in which French musicologist describes silence. “For a human being, there is always the duality of life and death. Music as an art form always has to connect vehemently with both” – notices Japanese composer, who in another statement combines silence with “the dark world of death”. Interestingly, both Brelet and Takemitsu arrive at the conclusion that such connotations may well be the source of the fear of silence that affects some composers or performers. Despite different contexts, some analogies to their thought – like connecting silence with nothingness and loneliness – may be also found in the Canadian composer Raymond Murray Schafer’s writings, presented fragmentarily in the last subsection. The differences in the notion of the problem between the authors are, moreover, discussed in this paper.

Trzy Rękopisy "Requiem in Es" Ludwika Maadera

Author(s): Justyna Szczygieł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 03 (26)/2015

Ludwik Maader (also quoted in sources as Lodovico or Ludovico Maader) was a composer working on Polish territory in the second half of the 18th century. He came to Jasna Góra in September 1784. He was a bandmaster until the end of 1798. Information about his life and activities is rudimentary. We know that he came to Poland from Moravia, specifically from Dub on Moravou – a small town near Olo - mouc, but unfortunately we do not know exactly his earlier activity. Requiem in Es by Ludwik Maader is preserved not only in the Ar - chives of Jasna Góra in the manuscript signed III-446. Currently we found out about four other Requiem. The source from Jasna Góra is autograph of the bandmaster and contains probably the oldest and original version of the composition. The first source is kept in the Jagiellonian Library, comes from Gidle, and was written in 1809. The second manuscript is located in the Provincial Archives of Dominican Order in Cracow and belonged to Dominican’s band in Gidle (1845). The third and fourth sources are inaccessible because of poor state of preservation. They are stored in two places: 1) Archives of the Arch - diocese of Gniezno signature II/7, belonged to the band from Grodzisk Wielkopolski, 2) Archives of the Archdiocese of Poznań – from the band in Gostyń. This article is focused on a comparison of the three manuscripts: one from Jasna Góra and two from Gidle. The author compared the content of manuscripts, the way of signing the text, vocal and instrumental parts and basso continuo.

Krakowski cech muzyków

Author(s): Wojciech Karasiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02 (25)/2015

The article is a contribution to the exploration of history of Polish musical culture of the Renaissance and the Baroque period. Recognition of elementary forms of social organisation leads to understanding of the prevailing social and economical relations in those times. This article is one of the first in this topic, therefore it starts with very basic issues. A musicians guild existed in Cracow from 16th to 18th century. The article presents its history and organisation on the basis of statutes and municipal documents analysis. Simultaneously, it raises questions about circumstances of its creation and termination, welded duties and repertoire. The author questions the character of discussed association, considering to what extent it was a guild and a confraternity. The aim of the publication is to present to the reader a coherent picture of the guild, which could provide a starting point for further research.

Status muzyków dworskich Rzeczypospolitej w końcu XVI i w XVII wieku

Author(s): Alicja Ryczkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01 (24)/2015

Most musicians working at the royal and aristocratic courts enjoyed good status despite the difficult political and economic situation of the Polish Common Wealth in the late 16th and 17th centuries. The height of the status of court musicians depended among others on their place of employment, origin, sex, professional roles and musical specialty. This article focuses on the relationship between the status of the musicians and their origin, sex, workplace and salaries. We compared court musicians’ salaries to demonstrate differences in their material status. The few preserved information about the salaries of the Polish court musicians was analyzed in this study. These were wages of the royal musicians and wages of the musicians employed at the courts of Leon Lew Sapieha, Zamoyscy, prince Dominik Ostrogski-Zasławski and hetman Adam Mikołaj Sieniawski. The results are presented descriptively and in the table and graph.

THE DILEMMA OF PRESENT DAY: GUERRILLA, TERRORIST AND ASYMMETRIC WARFARE

Author(s): Jarosław J. Piątek / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2014

In order to describe the environment surrounding us, so complex in terms of relations resulting from using violence, we easily employ terms such as 'partisan' or 'militant', just in order to define the very same ones as terrorists a while later. Probably the benchmark of contemporary description, especially of political action is the lack of clear-cut attitudes. Terrorism is nothing new, and this statement in itself is not very revealing. However, for many contemporary researchers of this issue, there is never too much information. Terrorism has always accompanied the history of oppressive regimes as well as resistance movements and uprisings. All the same, within the anti-colonial insurrectionary movements of the mid-20th century which led to the fall of European colonial empires over a short period of time, terrorism achieved new quality. It should also be emphasized that it achieved considerable political successes compared to the social-revolutionary terrorism of the late 19th century. The attribute 'terrorist' serves as an excluding one in different relations. By employing such term, one that their cause is an unconventional one – leastways as long as specific ways of using violence are applied. On the other hand, groups classified as terrorist ones often describe themselves as partisans who are fighting for the liberation of certain social or ethnic groups and who have to employ “unconventional” methods of using force because of the military superiority of the oppressive regime. By describing certain actions as 'terrorist' one usually intends on bereaving it of every sort of political legitimation. Is there any aspect that terrorism and guerrilla actions have in common? In certain socio-revolutionary or ethno-separatist strategies of violence, the concept of terrorism consists in the idea of a 'starter' which is to create the conditions to commence the guerrilla war. There could also be groups acting as partisans on one front line, and as terrorists on the other. The example is Al-Qaeda: in Central Asia its network operated only temporarily, as a kind of guerrilla, while in the global scale it employed terrorist strategy.

Мобилност, многообразни идентичности и религиозен синкретизъм в Добруджа. Глобализация на културата с дълга история

Author(s): François Ruegg / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article investigates Dobrudzha (in the political boundaries of Bulgaria and Romania) – a zone of interpenetration of identities and cultural practices among the population as a result of its long co-habitation within the Ottoman Empire on the Black sea shores and on the banks of the lower Danube River. The author uses a syncretic approach, including observation in situ allowing both for the pointing out of the “internal” multiplicity of practices connected to one or more denominations, as well as for the outlining of ‘trans-confessional’ and the ‘trans-ethnic’ similarities – healing practices, contacts with trees, stones and springs as the intermediaries of the divine. The aim is to investigate some details, as well as to reveal common places and diversity.

За „градския шаманизъм“ и новото предназначение на шаманските дарове в потребителското общество

Author(s): Maxim Mikhalev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

In the last decades, despite some pessimistic prognoses, shamanism is experiencingrevival. In the course of this process, shamans are adapting their practices to theclients’ expectations and new profile; as a result their own traditional view of theБългарска етнология, world is undergoing significant changes. One of the newly-emerged features ofcontemporary shamanism in Buryatia is dividing the inhabitants of the sacred worldinto „prestigious“ and „non-prestigious“ and offering them gifts corresponding tothis new status, all this with the active participation of the shamans themselves. Thearticle presents such practice which the author observed and assumes that there is alsoa process of transmission of respective ideals and values in the sphere of the sacredworld.

Палмовите орехи арека като обект на даро- и жертвоподнасяне

Author(s): Nguyen Thi Phuong Tram / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2016

The Areca nut is one of the products found in South Asia, Southeast Asia, andSouthern China. In China, being an exotic product that can be grown only in tropicalclimate, the Areca nut used to be highly appreciated and considered as a precious giftamongst the nobles in the past, especially during the Tang and Song dynasties. Whilein Vietnam, throughout its history, the Areca nut, because of its inherent spiritualvalue, has been an indispensable object of sacrifice in Vietnamese ancestral worshipas well as their lifetime rituals such as weddings, funerals and during childbirth. Apartfrom being an essential offering in rituals and ceremonies, the Areca nut traditionallywas also a means of mobilizing Vietnamese people’s social interactions (includingcourting between young boys and young girls).After doing a short description on how the Areca nut was used as a gift and as asacrificial object respectively in China in the past and in Southeast Asia, this article,from a historical point of view and with the author’s first hand materials from herfieldwork in Vietnam, attempts to show and explain both why and how the Arecanut has been functioning as a core indispensable object in sacrifices as well as ritualsand also as a means of social interaction in Vietnam. Thus, the article emphasizesthe important role that the Areca nut plays in Vietnamese people’s spiritual life andculture.

Идентификационни стратегии на българите в Украйна

Author(s): Svetlana Koch / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The article analyses the process of choosing different strategies of identification bythe Bulgarians in Ukraine. The present state of the “identification processes” againstthe background of the “war of memory” and the “invented traditions” places themamong the priority problems of science and politics.The subject of analysis are the specifics of the formation of collective memorywhich are at the root of the choice of identification strategy: commemorative practices,mechanisms for memorialization of the past, the correlation between the localgroup history and the national strategies of Bulgaria and Ukraine. The conclusionis that the choice of identification behaviour is influenced by the efficiency of thesocial adaptation under the specific historical circumstances. The social resources atdisposal of the group in any particular moment influence the choice of vectors of thecollective memory and predetermine the formation of defensive practices aiming topreserve the group.

Миграцията като средство за оцеляване на таврическите българи по време на глада 1946–1947 г.

Author(s): Maria Pancheva,Servey Panchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

Обичаи и обреди, свързани с бременността и раждането на дете при българи, турци и роми в Кубратския край

Author(s): Sevim Kurtchu / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

This work is focused on customs and rituals associated with pregnancy and childbirth of inhabitants of 16 villages in Kubrat area. Using the published materials and ethnograpfical materials collected during field work (2007 – 2013) the author reveals in a comparative terms birth customs of various ethnic and confessional groups – Bulgarians, Turks ( Alevi and Sunni ) and Roma ( Christians and Muslims ) . The author compare the rituals connected to infertility , pregnancy, birth and 40 – day postpartum period .

Kolkata’s Foodscape: the Evolution of ‘the Calcutta palate’

Author(s): Debika Banerji,Anandita Pan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Kolkata’s cultural landscape can be defined by the existing foodscape. The heritage restaurants existing in the city are an amalgamation of the cultural diffusion between the different communities that reside in the city. In this paper, primarily, three food zones have been recognized, each specializing in a particular type of cuisine. The paper seeks to understand the development of the cuisines in relation to these food zones, how different communities have slowly exchanged ideas which have led to the creation of a new type of fusion cuisine, modified in accordance to suit local tastes and preferences. This acculturation process is constantly occurring and is reflected in the present day foodscape of the city.

Amartya Sen, Home in the World. A Memoir

Author(s): Mihaela Gligor / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Review of: Amartya Sen, Home in the World. A Memoir, Allen Lane, an Imprint of Penguin Books, New Delhi, 2021, 464 pp., ISBN: 978-1- 846-14486-8.

Application and Challenges of Web 3.0 in Smart Cities

Author(s): Joshua Olusegun Fayomi,Zainab Abdulqadir Sani / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2023

Citizens are becoming more directly involved in the advancement of sustainability in smart development in areas where web 3.0 promises to transform urban cities into advanced smart cities and where ICTs are integrated in strategies for participation and co-production. This study's aim is to investigate and pinpoint the applications and difficulties in using Web 3.0 technologies in smart cities in Lithuania. A systematic questionnaire with open-ended questions was created after a thorough study in order to elicit 250 replies from citizens, managers, and online workers in Lithuania. The information gathered was examined. Our research findings in this paper offer a multidisciplinary understanding of web 3.0's applications and difficulties in smart cities, as well as insights into the chances for citizen participation in decision-making and service delivery. Future cities will likely need a stronger technological connection with smart technology, with an emphasis on the rising role of the digitally "empowered" citizen. In order to improve surroundings in web 3.0 contexts, this study examines the difficulties and applications of implementing such a futuristic idea. It will be said that although much of the technology needed to realize the vision of Web 3.0 applications in smart cities is already available, further research is still required in several important areas.

Using RPA for data generation using OCR platforms in Mediterranean University of Albania

Author(s): Gerild Qordja / Language(s): English Issue: 01/2023

The increase in the amount of data today has led to the use of computer applications in order to manage processes precisely. Robotic process automation (RPA), also known as software robotics, uses automation technologies to mimic back-office tasks of human workers, such as extracting data, filling in forms, moving files, et cetera. Optical character recognition (OCR) is sometimes referred to as text recognition. An OCR program extracts and repurposes data from scanned documents, camera images and image-only pdfs. OCR systems use a combination of hardware and software to convert physical, printed documents into machine-readable text. Hardware such as an optical scanner or specialized circuit board copies or reads text then, software typically handles the advanced processing. Process Automation in Azure Automation allows you to automate frequent, time-consuming, and error-prone management tasks. This service helps you focus on work that adds business value. In this paper, I will use the above-mentioned technologies to realize the automatic data generation process for the construction of an online library. In addition, the level of data accuracy will be studied in the automation of data generation from pdf files to mySql. The application will be built in front end html and back end php programming language and mySql database. These tests will be done by inserting more than 17000 books in pdf format.

Geopolitical Assessment of Cultural Diffusion in the Moscopole (Voskopoja) of the 18th Century

Author(s): Arben Belba / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2019

The paper “Geopolitical assessment of cultural diffusion in Moscopole of the XVIII century” is a professional effort to convey to scholars, teachers, specialists of local and central government, tourism and entrepreneurship, findings and interesting facts about Moscopole, a mountainous resort village, in the southeastern Albania. This paper deals with the concept of cultural diffusion of the medieval city of Moscopole (XVIII century). The paper analyzes the indicators that highlight the flourishing of the city of Moscopole in the years 1750–1769 and the cultural richness that this nucleus of civilization conveyed to Albanian territories and further in the Balkans. The methodology followed is based on the research method, intertwined with information processing, comparison, and data synthesis analysis. This cultural diffusion and rich historical heritage have turned Moscopole into a model for the development of mountain tourism.

Cătălina-Ioana Pavel, Acolo unde se naște musonul. Un an în regatul zeului Parasurama, Cluj-Napoca: Editura Casa Cărții de Știință, 2023, 202 pp., ISBN: 978-606-17-2176-4.

Author(s): Daria Ioan / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Cătălina-Ioana Pavel, Acolo unde se naște musonul. Un an în regatul zeului Parasurama, Cluj-Napoca: Editura Casa Cărții de Știință, 2023

Sarvani Gooptu, Knowing Asia, Being Asian. Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism in Bengali Periodicals, 1860–1940, South Asia edition, New Delhi: Routledge, 2022, 276 pp., ISBN: 978-1-032-33229-1.

Author(s): Mihaela Gligor / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Review of: Sarvani Gooptu, Knowing Asia, Being Asian. Cosmopolitanism and Nationalism in Bengali Periodicals, 1860–1940, South Asia edition, New Delhi: Routledge, 2022, 276 pp., ISBN: 978-1-032-33229-1.