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One of the most important criteria dividing countries on developed and developing is technological level of the economy which is a derivative of R&D. We showed in the article, that only a rather small group of voivodships was characterized by a full efficiency of converting the expenditure into effects. Low values of efficiency in dices pay attention for all ineffective provinces. It won’t be possible to say about none of them, that it found near the efficiency border which accompanied by large differences between decision making units. The non-radial DEA model showed that both the internal expenditures (in converting into the thousand residents) and the personnel employed in the R+D work are not used efficiently and what’s more in the considerable degree where in a first of said inputs research units managed by a little more effectively.
More...Application of UAV Technology (Drones) in Forest Cadastre
In the 21st century, technologies are not on the spot, as in all areas in cadastral activity, classical equipment is substituted by computer technologies equipped with different types of sensors that simplify the acquisition of field data and obtain Maps and cadastral plans.This article reflects the advantages of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) in forest cadastral surveying. The advantage of UAV systems lies in their high flexibility and efficiency in capturing the surface of an area from a low flight altitude. In addition, further information such as orthoimages, elevation models and 3D objects can easily be gained from UAV images. The benefits of using UAVs in forest cadastral surveying and the new opportunities they offer for cadastral activity are impressive. Using photogrammetric materials obtained during flight with drone on Forest massif, CAD and GIS software develops extremely precise relief patterns. Elaboration of digital Orthophotoplans with high orientation accuracy, for the studied forestry area, using the materials obtained during the UAV survey, together with the resources of geographic information systems, allow the formation Structured information layers that can be overlapped. One of such layers overlapped an Orthophotoplan digital is the layer with cadastral boundaries. The results of this work are useful in the inventory of forest land, in land research, in clarifying land boundaries.
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The regional integration of countries as a strategy for reinforcement of political and economic security of states in the region is also adequate for the countries of Southeast Asia. Initiated in 1967, these processes result in the reinforcement of integration in politics and economy, which in turn results in the increased political and economic security, not only in Southeast Asia, but also in the entire continent and on the Pacific. The decision to establish the ASEAN community based on the foundations of economic, cultural, and political cooperation and security proves that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations is an important element not only of the Asia and Pacific region, but also of the entire international system.
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The European integration process has already played an important role in reducing the negative consequences of territorial, legal, and administrative discontinuities in border regions and in developing the socio-economic potential of cross-border areas in the EU. This is primarily within the scope of cohesion policy and is well reflected in financial tools such as INTERREG. The aim of this paper is to present the main areas of financial support under cross-border projects within the framework of INTERREG in the EU-15 Member States in 2000–2020. The paper consists of two main parts, the first of which introduces the issue of cross-border cooperation in Europe with a special focus on the INTERREG programme, followed by an analysis of INTERREG Cross-Border Cooperation projects implemented in the EU-15 in the analysed period.
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Romania and Hungary, in the light of its recent history, we cannot discuss about sustained cooperation, especially before 1989 when a closed border can be discussed, and particularly at academic level exchanges are not at a very high level. The Romanian Revolution of 1989 brought about a defrosting of relations in general and with neighbours in particular, primarily by opening borders, access to the neighbouring country and the west, and implicitly this also facilitated the development of cross-border relations in the area of university cooperation in the counties of Bihor – Hajdú-Bihar, and in particular the two university centers on the Romanian–Hungarian border, the University of Oradea (Romania) and the University of Debrecen (Hungary). Under the proposed article, we will try to highlight the academic creative power focused on cross-border cooperation between the two university centers, the main dimensions that have been achieved, the active participation of researchers from across the European continent, the added value of the research proposed, and not least the emphasis of the two university centers as a hub of knowledge in cross-border cooperation, with the period of our research extending from 1990 and ending in 2018.
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municipal self-government reform called as decentralisation of power in Ukraine has been arising. During 2015–2018 there was the First Stage of decentralisation of power in Ukraine. This reform provides the establishing of the united territorial communities (abbreviation in Ukrainian "ОТГ" or amalgamated hromada). New united territorial communities have new responsibilities. In this article the peculiarities of social and economic development of united territorial communities have been investigated. During November 2018 an expert survey among authorities of local self-government of Carpathian region was conducted. The expert survey covered 70 united territorial communities of the Carpathian region (which includes Transcarpathia, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Chernivtsi oblasts). United territorial communities which had been created during 2015–2017 took part in a survey. 78 % response rate was achieved. In this survey we have estimated which changes in infrastructure occurred and how the authorities of the united territorial communities have provided services for their citizens. One of the objectives of the survey was to assess the problems faced by the communities after establishing. The least major topics were related to the lack of cooperation between united territorial communities and the most urgent problems concerned the human capital of the community. Also we have analysed growth tools which were used by united territorial communities for their development.
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Foundation of the new Euroregions around Ukraine–Romania–Moldova borders have been treated with all countries involved from somewhat different perspectives. Romania considered them as a venue of making stronger its ties with compatriots abroad and as a tool of expanding greater influence to the neighbouring borderland territories in the end of 1990th – beginning of the 2000th. Ukraine and Moldova had thought with some suspicions about this initiative of Bucharest, keeping in their mind some possible irredentists‟ threats from the regions concerned. After some years of somehow tense negotiation the contracted parties had agreed to constitute two new Euroregions, Upper Prut and Low Danube namely.Since the moment of the foundation, Upper Prut Euroregion passed through some stages of their development and faced with several challenges. Firstly, analysing the reasons behind the process of the slowing down of the pace and effectiveness of CBC in the given region one has to take into account the growing disparity of the three components of the region. While Suceava region has made some obvious advancement with somewhat lagging behind Botoşani region, the northern districts of Moldova remain under much worse social and economic conditions. Chernivtsi and Ivano-Frankivsk regions are in-between position, but they have been overwhelmed with a narrow agenda of mere survival recently. Secondly, institutional structures and mechanisms of cooperation in the Euroregion are grounded predominantly on the ability and good will of regional administrative elite to outline the agenda of CBC and then set it in motion. Thirdly, the dependence on the good-will and readiness of making a certain contribution toward moving forward this „joint venture‟ seemed a dominant trait there. Looking at this dimension of the Euroregion activity it‟s reasonable to state certain lack of the true devotion and incentives that were applied towards the betterment of its institutional capacity and operational mode. Still, some attempt of reviving the activity of CBC and Euroregion took place last years. Once again Romanian and Ukrainian counterparts took a lead in this process. Finally, the activity as well as mechanisms and instruments of CBC in the framework of Upper Prut do require concerted affords in order to make them functioning duly. Otherwise the whole structure of the Euroregion will be rather a sort of a mausoleum of vanished hopes and groundless aspirations.
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It has occurred to me, as a master graduate of regional development specialization, and later on, as a PhD graduate in economics and currently as a PhD assistant, that regional development is a discipline that is engaged in many specializations from different faculties in various universities: political sciences, economic sciences, socio-humanistic sciences, juridical and administrative sciences, international relations sciences. Moreover, courses and seminars focusing on regional development policy mark a personal orientation of students towards a possible career in this field, correlated with the possibility of continuing the studies through research at doctoral level, with the same high interest for deepening the analysis of the regional development disparities, by becoming more and more aware of the gap between urban and rural areas. Regional development is also a learning topic for public and civil servants. The objective of the paper is to reveal different ways of teaching regional development, suggestions and recommendations of organizing a course or seminar to different faculty specializations, according to specific curriculums.
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In this paper there were presented data about the fauna of vertebrates from Bihor county (Romania) during 2014-2019. There were recorded 203 species belonging to five classes and 147 genera. There were obtained ecological data of these species, unknown in the scientific literature. Some species are very rare in the Romanian fauna, three species are mentioned for the first time in Romania: Parula americana L., Tringa melanoleuca Gmel. and Emberiza aureola L. and one species is mentioned for the first time in Bihor: Sicista subtilis Pall.
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In this work there are presented data about the fauna of butterflies from Maieru area (Bistrița-Năsăud county, Romania) identified during 2017-2019. There were identified 114 species belonging to 6 families and 62 genera. Some species are very rare at national level, being protected: Euphydryas aurinia Rott., Euphydryas maturna L., Lycaena dispar rutila Wern., Leptidea morsei major Gr., Maculinea arion L., Parnassius mnemosyne L., Neptis hylas L., Parnassius transsylvanicus Schw.
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This paper presents faunistical data regarding the insects from Maieru area during 2017-2019. There were recorded 77 species of insects,belonging to 9 orders and 68 genera.The species are common in Romania.
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Some species of mushrooms, whether they are edible or inedible, are frequently encountered in anthropogenic areas as well. The majority of Măgești households provide a favorable biotope and biocenosis for the spontaneous growth and development of some mushroom species. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the mushroom species encountered on the land belonging to my household which is located in Măgești village, the population number, the population dynamics over time as well as the factors that influence this issues.
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The special national programme called ”Let’s Do It, Romania!”, introduced for the first time in 2009, has more and more the power to gather people of different ages and different social statuses and fulfill a dream, to clean the country in one single day. Accepting an invitation from the Community Association ”Șapte Dealuri” and the Primary & Secondary School from Hidișelu de Sus village, teachers from the Association for Education and Training „TopFormalis”, Oradea got involved in this extraordinary project that span the whole country.
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The aim of this article is to analyse competences of people from the NEET group. The article discusses the essence of the concept of competence. It presents the characteristics of the NEET population. Moreover, it analyses the results of empirical research conducted among people from NEET group from the Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship. The results of research show theself-assessment of competences of NEET generation and also relate to the competences that NEETs intend to acquire in the future. The study analyses the subject literature and the results of empirical research, applying a descriptive method.
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The paper presents selected issues of active labour market policy in the context of young people who are not in employment, education or training (the so-called NEET category). The situation in the Podlaskie Voivodship was analysed. It is the region with a low potential of labour demand on the one hand, but at the same time with a low NEET rate compared to other Polish voivodships. The paper was based on the results of primary research carried out in 2016 under the project “Podlaskie otwarte na młodych” implemented by the Voivodeship Labour Office in Bialystok, in partnership with the Bialystok University of Technology co-financed from the Operational Programme Knowledge Education Development 2014-2020. The publication indicates the attitude of young people NEET with regard to the professional activity that determines their expectations toward labour market policy. The main objective of the study was to identify barriers of the implementation of active labour market policy for people NEET in the Podlaskie province.
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The article is devoted to the problematics of environmental impact assessment which is one of the crucial instruments used in the process of integration of environmental protection into other policies and contributes to the implementation of the concept of sustainable development. The work concerns Polish regulations in this field and focuses mainly on the role of the local self-government bodies there in and their capacity of determining specific conditions for the investment implementation and influencing the scope of its realization.
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The economic policy of the European Union aims to reduce development disparities between its regions and to stimulate the development of under performing territorial units. In contemporary research and economic debates, entrepreneurship is one of the prerequisites for initiating economic growth at both local and regional levels. This article analyses the influence of entrepreneurship on the socio-economic development of Polish counties using spatial regression models and the Central Statistical Office(GUS) statistics on 380 counties (314 rural counties and 66 urban counties). The results yielded by the econometric models confirm that entrepreneurialism stimulates the development of counties described by selected characteristics.
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In the last 20 years, interest in supporting entrepreneurship at the local level has increased. This is considered one of the most effective ways to reduce unemployment, stop the migration of young, active people to other centers. However, the influence of local governments on the development of the majority of local enterprises is limited. Local authorities can take actions that will support the development of local government and attract investors to their area. Communal involvement in supporting entrepreneurship has an impact on the level of employment and the quality of jobs, the wealth of residents and the income of local governments. In order to take advantage of all opportunities for economic and social development, municipalities must support local entrepreneurs, try to attract new investors to their area (including through investing in technical infrastructure), promote entrepreneurial attitudes and stimulate the creation of new companies. They also need to work intensively with external entities and constantly improve the efficiency of their offices.
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Optimization of medical processes requires a systematic approach to the issue of thequality of medical services. Proper organization of quality management, both at the internal level of health care units and at the national level should stimulate the improvement of the functioning of the health care system through the increase of health security. Based on many years of experience in the field of management and implementation of tasks aimed at continuous improvement of the quality of health care functioning, there is a lack of uniform treatment methods enabling and facilitating medical entities to meet a number of legal requirements or imposed norms and standards. Considering the above, a survey project was developed and then implemented, the purpose of which was to assess the degree of preparation and advancement of the implementation process of individual legal requirements, accreditation and other quality standards in health care units subordinated to the Self-Government of the Lodzkie Voivodship (SWL). The authors of this publication assumed that thanks to this they will get knowledge about (1) which units have management systems compliant with ISO standards, (2)which of them have the accreditation of the Minister of Health implemented, (3) which of these systems are certified and, first of all, all, (4) which of the individual requirements caused the greatest difficulties at the implementation stage, (5) and which require a huge commitment of a number of resources to maintain the assumed high level in the process of holistic management of the healthcare entity. Based on the collected data, it is possible to set certain trends in the support of health care units in the process of improving the quality of services provided, patient and employee safety, and the possibility of obtaining or efficiently maintaining quality certificates or accreditation certificates.
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