Lithological conditions of soil erosion in the Chwalimski Potok catchment (the Drawskie Lakeland) at the background of selected geotechnical analyses

Author(s): Marcin Winowski,Mikołaj Majewski / Language(s): English Issue: 147/2016

Soil erosion by water is one of the most important morphogenetic processes taking place within the lowland geoecosystems in Poland. Therefore, it is relevant to recognise its nature, course, conditions and dynamics. This article presents some lithological conditions of water soil erosion on a testing plot within the Chwalimski Potok catchment in the Drawskie Lakeland. The conducted measurements of soil particle size distribution, soil moisture and compaction, shear strength and degree, as well as infiltration rate constitute the basis of the analysis and all relevant calculations. It was shown that topsoil (slightly loamy sands) with increased humidity at the surface is most susceptible to the process of soil erosion by water. Some methods to prevent adverse degradation processes were suggested in the article.

In-situ identification of groundwater drainage conditions in a selected section within the Parsęta River Valley

Author(s): Marek Marciniak,Lukasz Chudziak / Language(s): English Issue: 147/2016

Drainage of groundwater by surface water, i.e. groundwater inflow into a stream or lake, is an essential component of the water balance. Moreover, the drainage and its spatial distribution determine geomorphological processes taking place in the riverbed. In order to identify the spatial distribution of groundwater inflow into the river, prototypes of two new meters filtrometer and gradientmeter ) were designed and developed. The filtrometer allows to directly measure the groundwater-surface water seepage through bottom sediments at the place where the meter is embedded into the riverbed. The gradientmeter allows to measure hydraulic gradient within bottom sediments between groundwater and the river. Both parameters measured directly in the riverbed allow to specify the conditions of groundwater flow through bottom sediments. The field research studies conducted by means of the specified meters ( filtrometer and gradientmeter ) within the Parsęta River valley at Storkowo were aimed to investigate the drainage of groundwater and its conditions. A section of the Parsęta River with a length of 1600 meters and having no tributaries was selected. Three series of field measurements: spring, summer and autumn ones were conducted. During each series approximately 30 measurements were made by means of the filtrometer and the gradientmeter. The conducted measurements made it possible to calculate flow rates of the drainage of groundwater within the examined section of the Parsęta. The obtained results were verified on the basis of control measurements with the application of the differential river flow method. Moreover, it was possible to assess the spatial distribution of specific discharge, hydraulic gradient and hydraulic conductivity in bottom sediments of the Parsęta. On an annual basis, the largest drainage of groundwater was found within meander erosive areas where it reached nearly 150 % of the average value for the examined section within the Parsęta valley. Within meander accumulative areas, the drainage level was at approximately 110 % of the average value. At straight sections the drainage of groundwater was the lowest and amounted about 66 % of the average value. The research studies conducted in the Parsęta valley confirmed the usefulness of the new method to assess the drainage of groundwater and its conditions within the river.

Analysis of the relationships between the spatial arrangement of palaeovalleys and contemporary valleys of Central Poland in the light of GIS methods

Author(s): Aleksander Szmidt / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2016

W artykule przedstawiono przykład zastosowania wybranych metod GIS w celu wykazania związków pomiędzy przebiegiem dolin kopalnych oraz współczesnych na obszarze Polski Środkowej. Analizowany obszar w warunkach lądowych kształtowany był już w paleogenie i neogenie, natomiast największy wpływ na obecną rzeźbę powierzchni odcisnęły procesy morfogenetyczne w czwartorzędzie. W opracowaniach paleogeograficznych dla analizowanego obszaru często wskazuje się na możliwe zależności pomiędzy wykształceniem rzeźby współczesnej a jej podłożem, w szczególności zaś sieci dolinnej. W celu weryfikacji tej hipotezy, na podstawie archiwalnych materiałów kartograficznych oraz Cyfrowego Modelu Wysokościowego rzeźby współczesnej, zaproponowano schemat przeprowadzenia analizy z wykorzystaniem zestawu ogólnodostępnych narzędzi GIS. Z wyników przeprowadzonej analizy można stwierdzić, że główne doli- ny rzeczne Polski Środkowej w dużej części nawiązują swoim przebiegiem do kopalnej sieci dolinnej, gdzie związki te najlepiej są widoczne w przypadku dolin największych.

Problemy paleogeografii regionu łódzkiego. Relacja z konferencji INQUA Peribaltic 2015 Working group meeting & International field symposium, 2–8 listopada 2015

Author(s): Danuta Dzieduszyńska,Joanna Petera-Zganiacz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2016

Vakarų Kuršo aukštumos ir Vakarų žemaičių plynaukštės reljefo epigenetinė transformacija

Author(s): Salomėja Lukaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: -/2016

The study was conducted in Highlands of Western Curland and Western Žemaičiai plateau, Skuodo district – Ylakių, Aleksandrijos, Šačių ir Skuodo parich, where it was tested Apšės, Kalties, Sarties, Spigino, Gypelkio, Luobos, Šatos ir Pragulbos rivers. Studie driver valleys on flood plains, terraces and river beds at the bottom sediment samples were collected. In the laboratory they are dried, weighed and beams. Sifting have identified four groups: > 2, 2–1 1 to 0,5 and < 0,5 mm. In addition, sediment particles studied roundnees degree.Glacial melt waters have a direct impact on the surface of the formation relief.Thanks to them, creating a negative linear shape. Glacial melt waters forms necessary for the formation of two conditions: a sufficient amount of water flowing and significant surface slope.West Curland highland river sediments observed uneven distribution of the groups, which allowed the reconstruction process took place glacial melt water intensity. Apšė the upper basin have high fractions of sediment dispersion greater diversity than middle reaches of the basin. This indicates that the upper was intense glacial melt water erosive processes change. Meanwhile, the middle reaches of the long-term was glacial lake. The study was conducted in Highlands of Western Curland and Western Žemaičiai plateau, Skuodo district – Ylakių, Aleksandrijos, Šačių ir Skuodo parich, where it was tested Apšės, Kalties, Sarties, Spigino, Gypelkio, Luobos, Šatos ir Pragulbos rivers. Studied river valleys on flood plains, terraces and river beds at the bottom sediment samples were collected. In the laboratory they are dried, weighed and beams. Sifting have identified four groups: > 2, 2–1 1 to 0,5 and < 0,5 mm. In addition, sediment particles studied roundnees degree. Glacial melt waters have a direct impact on the surface of the formation relief. Thanks to them, creating a negative linear shape. Glacial melt waters forms necessary for the formation of two conditions: a sufficient amount of water flowing and significant surface slope. West Curland highland river sediments observed uneven distribution of the groups, which allowed the reconstruction process took place glacial melt water intensity. Apšė the upper basin have high fractions of sediment dispersion greater diversity than middle reaches of the basin. This indicates that the upper was intense glacial melt water erosive processes change. Meanwhile, the middle reaches of the long-term was glacial lake. Western Žemaičiu plateau river sediments even noticeable fraction distribution, which allowed the reconstruction process took place glacial melt waters intensity. Luoba basin upstream or downstream sediment fractions of the same dispersion. This indicates that the river carried evenly glacial melt water erosive processes. Meanwhile, the lower reaches of the basin are largely dominated by fine-grained and fine sand, which indicates that there was limnoglace lake, which has affected not only Luoba river basin lowland, but Apšė river basin lowland and middle reaches. West Curland upland furrow bottom sediment granulometry scatter in all workings are pretty even. Most sediment particles in the upper basin polished Apšė and its tributaries (Kaltis, Sartis, Vereta), while at least - Apšė down the river. There is significant correlation between the paleogeographic changes and sediment roundness degree. Western Žemaičiu plateau sediment granulometry spread is even. All workings found in the medium category roundness particles. This reflects the conditions paleogeographic uniformity.

Фізико-хімічні властивості шахтних порід західного донбасу

Author(s): N. V. Romanova,V. M. Zverkovskyi / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2005

The physico-chemical properties of mining rocks of the Western Donbass were studied. Taking into consideration the favor of different montons for the forest-growing according to the obtained data, we made the conclusions of the great practical value for the rehabilitation measures.

Anthropogenic Denudation in Mining Areas on the Example of the Wałbrzych coal mining area (Sudetes, Poland)

Author(s): Jan Wójcik / Language(s): English Issue: 153/2018

In the 20th century Wałbrzych and its surroundings was the most prominent area of coal mining in the Sudetes. Nevertheless, in 1997 the mines were closed. An intensive anthropogenic geomorphic cycle commenced there in 1865 and lasted for 130 years. The biggest transformations in landforms occurred in two basins: Wałbrzych and Kuźnice, where a complex of anthropogenic forms was created from dumps and settling ponds, as well as subsidence depression. Among the dominant geomorphic processes related to anthropopressure were anthropogenic aggradation and anthropogenic denudation. Those processes resulted in raising and lowering of the land surface. Their intensity was diverse both in time and space. The average pace of anthropogenic aggradation in the years 1865–1996 amounted to 328 mm/year and was higher in the years 1945–1996 (439 mm/year) than during the period from 1865 to 1944 (255 mm/year). In both basins: Wałbrzych and Kuźnice, there was an increase in the intensity of this process in the years 1945–1996 when compared to the period of 1865–1944. The pace of anthropogenic denudation in the Wałbrzych coal mining area was considerably lower than the intensity of anthropogenic aggradation. During the research period, the land surface lowered, on average, by 66 mm/year, whereas the pace of the process decreased from 75 mm/year in the years 1865–1944 to 57 mm/year in the period 1945–1996. A considerably higher intensity of anthropogenic denudation was noted the Wałbrzych Basin (96 mm/year) than in the Kuźnice Basin (36 mm/year). It was determined that the anthropogenic denudation balance in the in the Wałbrzych coal mining area in the years 1865–1996 was positive (+262 mm/year). When comparing the scale of anthropogenic aggradation and denudation in several coal mining areas (Wałbrzych, Upper Silesia, Ostrava-Karvina and Ruhr), it needs to be emphasized that in the research area the intensity of those processes in the period 1865–1996 was similar and, at times, higher than in the other areas, which results from the preference of cumulating of gangue on spoil tips as the cheapest way of its disposal, as well as from the dominance of caving coal extraction.

Zróżnicowanie i zmienność wieloletnia sezonowości przepływu w wybranych przekrojach wodowskazowych Wisły

Author(s): Przemysław Tomalski,Paweł Jokiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 155/2018

The aim of the study is to identify the flow seasonality of the Vistula river in 14 water-gauge cross-sections located along the river course (from Skoczów to Tczew). For this purpose, the following characteristics were used: seasonality index (IS), period of seasonal concentration (PK) half-flow date (TPO), and concentration index (GMO). Hydrometric data from the 1951–2016 period were shared by IMGW-PIB. The average time of seasonal concentrations and half-flow dates in the analysed cross-sections occurred in April or May. Along the Vistula river the mean PK and TPO regress towards winter (are earlier and earlier). The average seasonality index is comprised in the range 22–32%, while the values of the concentration index fall into the range 10.0–14.5. The highest IS values characterize the upper part of the river down to the Goczałkowice water-gauge (here it reaches the maximum). Next the IS rapidly decreases, due to the summing of the flows from the Vistula river tributaries varying conditions of flow formation (from Carpathian Mountains and Uplands).

Odpływ rzeki Prądnik w Ojcowie w latach 1961–2014

Author(s): Marta Cieślik,Roman Soja,Rafał Kroczak,Tomasz Bryndal / Language(s): Polish Issue: 155/2018

Runoff from a karstic catchment (southern part of the Krakow–Częstochowa Upland) was analyzed. The Prądnik-Ojców river gauge station, which closes the upper and the most interesting from the hydrological point of view part of the catchment (67.5 km2), was selected for detailed analyses. The 1961–2014 timespan was studied. Characteristic water discharges and runoff structure were analyzed. Based on the results, water resources were evaluated as large. The specific discharge reached 6.5 dm3∙s–1∙km–2, being slightly higher than the average for Poland (5.62 dm3∙s–1∙km–2), but comparable to other karstic catchments located in the Upland Belt of Poland. The discharge is stable both in the annual hydrological cycle as well as in the multiannual course.

Roczna i dobowa zmienność temperatury gruntu na polanie śródleśnej w Wielkopolskim Parku Narodowym

Author(s): Katarzyna Szyga-Pluta / Language(s): Polish Issue: 155/2018

The aim of this study is to investigate the distribution of soil temperature in a forest clearing in the Wielkopolska National Park. The results of measurements of ground temperature at depths of 0, 5, 10, 20, 50 and 100 cm at the UAM Ecological Station in Jeziory were analyzed. Characterization of the annual and diurnal course and the thermal stratification of the soil in the period 2002–2015 was made. The variability of soil temperature gradients between levels at different depths was investigated. During the warm period there is a lapse, and in the cold period an increase in the temperature with depth. In March and September a reversal of the thermal profile takes place in the ground.

Sedymentacja mad wiślanych w Tyńcu

Author(s): Anna Michno,Przemysław Wachniew,Edyta Łokas,Jacek B. Szmańda,Piotr Szwarczewski,Tomasz Kalicki,Barbara Radwanek-Bąk,Krzysztof R. Przegiętka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 155/2018

The study area is located in the gorge section of the Upper Vistula river valley between Tyniec and Piekary near Kraków, where natural and industrial overbank alluvia with a different radionuclide activity, heavy metals content and grain size composition occur. Overbank deposits cover three levels of the floodplain where three cores of deposits were collected. Alluvia of the lowest level along the channel are more heterogeneous and coarser than those on the middle and the highest level. Most of the overbank deposits were accumulated in the lower regime of water flow. On the basis of luminescence dating it was determined that the accumulation of overbank deposits on the first level started 200 years ago and on the highest level – 3,000 years ago.

Źródła Polski – Zachować Dla Przyszłości

Author(s): Zdzisław Michalczyk,Paweł Jokiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 157/2019

Springs are objects of natural environment, which are studied by different scientific disciplines: geography, hydrology, hydrogeology, hydrochemistry, hydrobiology, ecology, environmental protection, landscape architecture, touring, archeology and ethnography. These objects, in both the past and the present, were of a great importance to man, who, in different ways and very willingly, used the clean water flowing out and the surrounding environment. Springs, giving rise to streams, which feed into larger rivers, have great scientific, economic, natural, landscape, cultural and even therapeutic values. They have been protected from devastation and pollution for centuries, mainly due to the rational and often iconic perception of them. They were and still are objects of mystification resulting from the assignment of miraculous properties to their water and fantastic legends and historical events to places where they flow out.

Wykorzystanie Znormalizowanego Różnicowego Wskaźnika Wegetacji Ndvi do Oceny Tempa Zarastania Zbiorników Przybrzeżnych na Przykładzie Jeziora Gardno

Author(s): Roman Cieśliński,Artur Młodzik,Kamil Mironik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 157/2019

The aim of the study was to estimate the rate and extent of overgrowth of a water reservoir on the example of Lake Gardno, based on the normalized index of vegetation NDVI. In the assessment of the changes taking place in individual summer seasons within the lake basin a thorough analysis was made based on satellite imagery performed for the years 2000–2014. The main assumption was to develop an appropriate method to determine the extent of expansion of water vegetation on the example of the selected lake. Preliminary results were compiled with monthly average air temperatures and monthly mean precipitation totals, then a detailed analysis was performed to demonstrate the relationships between the effective overgrowth and local meteorological conditions.

Oddziaływanie Stawów Hodowlanych na Jakość Wody Rzeki Wąskiej

Author(s): Karol Lewowicki,Izabela Chlost,Roman Cieśliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 157/2019

The aim of the study is to determine the influence of freshwater fish farming on the chemical status of water in the catchment of the Wąska river. The paper presents the results of physicochemical studies of water supplying and discharged from fish ponds at Klekotki. At measurement points located on the Wąska river above and below the ponds the following properties were determined: total nitrogen, total phosphorus and concentrations of dissolved ammonia, nitrates, phosphates, sulphates. The observations showed that the physicochemical state of water supplying the ponds is below good because of too high phosphate concentrations (0.57 mg∙dm–3 above the joints and 0.41 mg∙dm–3 below). In spite of that, it was stated that fish farming can positively affect the water purification process and improve the physical and chemical parameters of water, as evidenced by the reduction of total nitrogen concentrations by 66%, ammonia by 52%, sulphates by 50%, nitrates by 46% and phosphate by 28%, below the discharge of water from the ponds in relation to the supplying waters.

Miesięczne Anomalie Termiczne w Basenie Morza Śródziemnego (1951–2010)

Author(s): Robert Twardosz,Urszula Kossowska-Cezak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 157/2019

The study determines the frequency of monthly thermal anomalies in the Mediterranean Basin (approx. south of 45oN), in the area from Lisbon in the west to Van in eastern Turkey, changes in the frequency of such anomalies over six decades, as well as the location and size of the area over which they occurred. The present study is based on the average monthly air temperature values from 80 meteorological stations in the years 1951–2010. Thermally anomalous months are considered to have occurred when the average air temperature t at a given station differed from the corresponding tav. by at least 2 standard deviations (σ); for anomalously cold months (ACMs: t£tav.–2σ) and for anomalously warm months (AWMs: t≥tav.+2σ). One feature that distinguishes the Mediterranean Basin from the rest of Europe located in the temperate climate zone is the prevalence of AWMs over ACMs.

Extreme weather types in Lublin and their circulation conditions in the years 1951–2015

Author(s): Anna Bilik,Krzysztof Bartoszek,Sylwester Wereski / Language(s): English Issue: 157/2019

To determine extreme weather types in Lublin, in the years 1951–2015, the typology of Woś was applied. It provided a basis for the designation of two extreme thermal types: one with hot and one with very frosty weather. Furthermore, a type of weather with intensive precipitation, not included in the original version of the classification, was analysed. Meteorological data used in the study were obtained from the Meteorological Observatory of the Department of Meteorology and Climatology of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. The circulation conditions were determined based on the classification of circulation types for the area of Central-Eastern Europe.

Możliwości oceny warunków mezoklimatycznych winnic w Polsce na podstawie sieci stacji IMGW-PIB

Author(s): Oskar Sękowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 157/2019

The current global warming causes changes in traditional zones of viticulture worldwide. Poland becomes a country where there are more and more vineyards. The purpose of this work was to characterize vineyards in Poland and indicate in which vineyards there is a possibility of a precise characterization of mesoclimate. A database on the viticulture in Poland created on the basis of information from the Internet. A map was also created, presenting the distribution of vineyards and meteorological stations of the IMGW-PIB. Polygons with a radius of 30 km were designated, constituting the locational criterion for the precise characterization of mesoclimate.

ZALEW IRRACJONALNOŚCI? NIEKONIECZNIE

Author(s): Piotr Urbanowicz,Łukasz Afeltowicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2018

Statements about the crisis of trust of citizens to science are common in the public and popular science discourse. Examples of anti-vaccination movements and climate change deniers are often used in reference to that statements. Nevertheless, there are strong indications that we don’t encounter an irrationality glut. Conspiracy theories and pseudoscience have long history, just as irrational attitudes. Our irrationality is not unpredictable. Difficulties in acquirement of scientific knowledge could be predicted and categorized. Traditional education and simple refuting conspiracy theories proved to be unfortunate.

Географічне зазначення походження сільськогосподарської продукції: правові реалії та перспективи в умовах євроінтеграції

Author(s): Inna Kulchii / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 146/2019

The article researches the international legislation and EU legislation in the field of protection of geographical indications of origin for agricultural products, analyzes the national legislation in this area, suggests ways and means of its improvement with the aim of implementation in the conditions of European integration. The author finds that one of the areas of adaptation of national legislation to EU legislation within the framework of quality policy is the protection of geographical indications of origin for agricultural products and foodstuffs. The concept of geographical indication, which according to EU legislation is considered in two categories: protected designation of origin, and protected geographical indication. Their common and distinctive features have been clarified. The article researches in detail the dual procedure for the registration of geographical indications of origin for agricultural products at the national and EU level in accordance with European legislation. The legislation of Ukraine in the field of legal protection of geographical indications is analyzed and the conclusion about its is non-conformity with European requirements in the part of the subject structure, state registration, specification, marking and legal protection. It is noted that the draft Law "On Amending Certain Legislative Acts of Ukraine on Improving the Legal Protection of Geographical Indications", which was adopted in the first reading, is currently being drafted. It is indicated on its positive aspects, in particular: the introduction of geographical indications of the State Register of Ukraine as well as requirements for product specification and labeling, which are important in the aspect of adaptation to EU requirements, however, also revealed a number of significant shortcomings. The author argues that the system of geographical indications for agricultural products is not formed, but its establishment is important for the development of rural areas, it is proposed the establishment of a number of legal, organizational and economic measures.

Using GIS Techniques for Identification of the Surfaces with Flash-Flood Risk Potential Within the Area Upstream of Poiana Uzului Reservoir

Author(s): Ioana Delia Miftode / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

Knowing the value of the flash flood potential index (FFPI) is significant, because there are included in the GIS environment various physical and geographical and anthropic factors playing an essential role in the flash flood occurrence: lithology, slopes, profile curvature, soil texture and the land use. In the mountainous region situated upstream of the Poiana Uzului reservoir, an area with a potential very high risk of flash flood sums up a total surface of 49.36 km2; the area with a potential high risk of flash floods sums up a total surface of 99.31 km2. The highest percentage of the total studied area is exposed to an average risk of flash floods. The Uz hydrographic basin is situated in an area with a potential high risk of flash floods. The map thus obtained displays the spatialization divided into five risk classes (very high, high, average, low, and very low). The surfaces the most exposed to flood generation are concave surfaces, surfaces that include high slopes, hard rocks, a low degree of forestation, clay soils. The areas identified as being critical, concerning the potential of flash flood generation, presented an elevated risk for other related phenomena – in this case, the floods.