Służba leśna Wolnego Miasta Krakowa (1815–1846). Organizacja i formy działalności. Część II: Gospodarka leśna

Author(s): Mateusz Mataniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

The article presents the main forms of forest management, applied by the Forestry Unit in the Free City Of Krakow (1815–1846). For the purpose by the article, forest management is understood as the total of economic operations in the field of use, care and renewal of forests, which are a refinement of the methods of its breeding and decorating. It was shown that the measurements of forests, governmental and private, and then their division into the felling were of primary importance for the discussed issue. Economic plans were equally important, which apart from data on forests (location, area, planted species and their age) also contained information on planned forest crops and intended logging. They were prepared by the governmental district forester. Th e use of the Regulation of the Governing Senate of 1829 regarding the „classification and marking of wood”, including the content of reports that delegated officials of the Department of Public Income prepared, was discussed in detail. They contained detailed data on the firewood and material cut out in individual „full-time years”, the remanent inventory (wood left for the next fulltime year), and the destination of timber harvested in „national forests” (construction of government buildings, roads and bridges; equipment for primary schools and government mines, heating allowances for hospitals, officials, parish priests). The subject of supervision over forest management in private property was discussed. Attention was paid to the practical significance of forest maps prepared by the government geometers. It was mentioned about the transport of timber by water (Vistula, Przemsza) and land, organization of the Vistula composition and places to collect wood before it was floated. The attention was paid to the care for forest infrastructure, which formed forester’s lodges, in the final period of the Republic of Krakow, also dryers for pine, spruce and larch seeds. The issue of hunting in fiscal and private forests has also been mentioned. The forest management methods used in the 19th century in the Kingdom of Poland, Prussia and Austria were also presented.

Szkoły rolnicze w prowincji śląskiej w XIX i XX wieku

Author(s): Tomasz Kruszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2009

Problems relating to development of agricultural land market: case of Slovakia

Author(s): Eleonora Marišová / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2005

Ochrona unijnych oznaczeń geograficznych w stosunkach handlowych Unii Europejskiej z Kanadą w świetle umowy CETA

Author(s): Agnieszka Hajdukiewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

Protection of geographical indications is an important and controversial issue in the negotiations of the European Union’s new generation trade agreements. The aim of this paper is to present and evaluate the most important provisions adopted in the area of geographical indications in The Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) between the EU and Canada (CETA), from the perspective of European commercial interests. The research was based on literature studies and the analysis of legal acts. The data on protected designations of origin from the EU databases DOOR, E-Bacchus and E-Spirit-Drinks were also analysed. The compromise on geographical indications achieved in CETA negotiations can be considered satisfactory for the European Union, which in foreign policy seeks to ensure strict protection of EU designations of origin. However, the agreement contains numerous exceptions to obligations which, in some cases, result in lower protection levels.

Ustawa o przeciwdziałaniu nieuczciwemu wykorzystywaniu przewagi kontraktowej: różnorodność czy jednolitość jej celów?

Author(s): Rafał Laskowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2019

In the article follow-up considered the issue of the purpose of the Act of 15 December 2016 on prevention of the unfair misuse of competitive advantage in the trade in agricultural and food products has been described. Similarly to the first part of the article was taken attempts to answer the query concerning the cohesion of those purposes, complementarity and the conflict in their structural assumptions. In the article discusses other purposes of adopting the act, such as improving the functioning of the market and protecting its weaker participants against dishonest practices, as well as protection of good manners. The emergence of practical examples of the application of the Act in the form of jurisprudence of administrative authorities has allowed for subsequent assessment if the presented purposes are the ones which are implemented in the process of executing the law. In addition, the author has developed considerations related to the interpretation of the basic assumptions implemented in the Polish legislation in comparison with EU legislation. In the summary of the article conclusions and the final evaluation of the purposes of the legislature were presented.

Фактори, определящи високата динамика на цените и на структурата на потреблението на домакинствата в България (1998–2013)

Author(s): Ekatherina Tzvetanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This study analyses the price dynamic of the goods included in the Bulgarian consumer price inflation basket. The study aims to check which factors affect the high price changes. It is applied cluster analysis and econometric method to evaluate the price and income elasticity of demand. It is determined the factors which trigger the high level of price changes. Factors such as new taxes, significant tax increases, or changes in the tax regime, could permanently change the demand‘s elasticity. It is derived conclusions.

Hrvatska Toscana – Izvanvremenska vizija razvoja poljoprivrede đakovačko-srijemskog biskupa Josipa Jurja Strossmayera

Author(s): Ferdo Bašić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 8-9/2024

The flood of new terms on sustainable development with pretensions to evergreen use shows the laudable imagination of the authors, but many of them are actually deja vu (already seen). A vision beyond time are the words Croatia Toscana of the Đakovo bishop-founder of Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, with which he describes Croatia’s place in the vision of the Austro-Slavic federation, which was shattered in the assassination of the visionary of the Serbian world in Sarajevo. With a time gap of about a century and a half, today we see those words as an announcement of the sustainable development of post-industrial society at the peak of the Anthropocene. The starting point of the vision is the physiocratic thought of the French economist. The paper describes the historical development of agriculture in Croatian areas from the beginning of sedentary life in the Neolithic (Vinkovci, Vučedol), through the arrival of Croats to the Pannonian area and Ancient Rome, to the current global rearrangements, which have affected the granaries of Europe and the world. The work focuses on the syntagm of the spiritual leader of the Croats of his time, the Đakovo-Srijem bishop J.J. Strossmayer’s Croatia Toscana, with which he depicts Croatia’s place in the Austro-Slavic federation that was never created, and with good intentions, designed in the spirit of that time. If academician Krleža had not criticized the bard of left-wing political affiliations painted in October with his sarcastic reference to that phrase, it would have gone unnoticed. We want to point out the genius of the Founder of HAZU towards agriculture, forestry and the hard worker on the arable land (see below the title!) this phrase is ahead of the time and a timeless vision of sustainable development uttered far before the Anthropocene and its spectacular changes! The modernity of the phrase is confirmed by a series of current events on the geopolitical atlas of the world confirming self-sufficiency in food production, in accordance with the apparently marginalized recommendation of the Rome Declaration of the World Food Summit (Rome 1996). It is not about closing the economy, but about the fact that the war conflicts (Ukraine/Levant) reveal the vulnerability of the land, sea and air delivery routes of the world exchange of goods, and fossil energy sources have become an (under) equally insecure and unstable support. Because of this and a number of reasons that will be discussed, it is likely that (economically, environmentally, socially) sustainable development in the post-industrial era of the Anthropocene will find support in the „global return to the roots“, which means „on photosynthesis-based economic branches“, in the first place agriculture, with which culture began. Sustainable intensification of Croatian agriculture, as a concept for which we advocate, is a contribution to the vision of the Founder of HAZU and an indisputable path in the direction of Croatian Tuscany. The concept is in agreement with the determination and measures of the EU aimed at agriculture and rural development.

Историко-географски поглед върху лозарството и винопроизводството във Франция до XVI в.

Author(s): Atanas Dermendzhiev,Magdalena Sokolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The article reviews the creation, development and territorial distribution of viticulture and winemaking in the lands of today's France until the end of the 16th century. Historical analysis supports the changing geography of these economic activities and the leading role in defining geographic regions in view of their importance in specific historical stages.

Socio-Economic, Health and Ecological Sustainability of Vegetable Supplies in West African Cities: Assessment of Stakeholders’ Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices in Accra and Greater Lomé

Author(s): Kokou Elom Assinou,Koffi Kpotchou / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

In West Africa, vegetable supply chain development projects in Accra and Greater Lomé focus scarcely on the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of vegetable producers, traders and processors. Thus, the research aims to assess the level of sanitary, socio-economic and environmental sustainability of vegetable production, trade and processing in these cities, based on the knowledge, attitudes and practices of stakeholders. A quantitative multi-criteria evaluation approach was adopted, with reference to Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standard 13 and Codex Alimentarius (CXC 1-1969 then CXC 53-2003). A sample of 303 people (156 in Accra and 147 in Greater Lomé) was formed using purposive sampling based on the assertion of E.R. Babbie (2016) and L. Kish (1965) combined with the comparison of S. Sudman (1976). Kobocollect and MS Excel respectively served to collect data and calculate KAP scores and percentages. Arcgis and Google Earth facilitated geographic representation of the data. The results reveal low rates of ecological (27.2%), health (26.9%), socio-economic (39.9%), technological and innovative (18.6%) KAP, evaluated at 28.6%. These results are unfavorable to the achievement of the SDGs. Hence the importance of an integrated, ongoing eco-nutritional education program for all stakeholders.

Sustainable Food Systems and Regional Development: Analyzing Food Security in Medan City's Underprivileged Areas, Indonesia

Author(s): Muhammad Muliadi,Satia Negara Lubis,Hamidah Harahap,Bejo Slamet,Arga Abdi Rafiud Darajat Lubis / Language(s): English Issue: 6/2024

This study investigates the critical role of sustainable food systems in enhancing food security and regional development in the underprivileged areas of Medan City, Indonesia. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with a Partial Least Square (PLS) approach, data were collected from 400 respondents across the city's most impoverished districts. The findings indicate that sustainable practices in food availability, consumption patterns, and distribution systems are essential determinants of food security and regional development. By promoting local food production, encouraging balanced diets, and developing efficient distribution networks, policymakers can address food insecurity and support sustainable regional growth. The study underscores the necessity of integrating sustainability principles into food security strategies and regional development plans. This alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) aims to end hunger, achieve food security, and promote sustainable agriculture by 2030. Policy recommendations include investing in sustainable agricultural practices, improving infrastructure for food distribution, and implementing community-based nutrition education programs. These strategies are crucial for building resilient and equitable communities in Medan City and beyond.

Transforming Rural Landscapes: Unleashing Agro-Tourism Potential Through Digital Media Interconnectivity

Author(s): Dararat Khampusaen,Benjawan Naiyanit,Thanya Chanprasopchai / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2024

This study investigates digital media's collaborative potential and interconnectivity as public relations strategies aimed at enhancing agro-tourism in the Nong Kung Si District of Kalasin Province, Thailand. The study examined the interplay between digital media and agricultural tourism. The research evaluates how interconnected digital initiatives can effectively engage target audiences and improve tourist satisfaction. It utilized a mixed-methods approach where the data were collected through structured questionnaires to gauge perceptions of the online public relations efforts, assess the appropriateness of their components, and measure overall tourist satisfaction. Statistical analyses, including mean and standard deviation calculations, were employed to interpret the data. The findings highlight the critical role of interconnected digital media in promoting agro-tourism and identify best practices for fostering engagement and satisfaction among visitors. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how collaborative communication strategies can drive sustainable tourism development in rural areas, emphasizing the importance of interconnectivity in enhancing agro-tourism potential.

АНАЛИЗ СОСТОЯНИЯ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ВИНОГРАДА В АТО ГАГАУЗИЯ

Author(s): Dmitry Parmakli,Sergei Kara / Language(s): Russian Issue: 02/2021

The role and importance of viticulture for the regional economy are shown. The state of grape production in ATU Gagauzia for 1997-2020 and an analysis of the stability of production for these years are presented, using the method of average annual moving indicators. Potential levels of vine productivity have been substantiated and real reserves for growth of vineyards productivity have been estimated. The analysis of indicators of grape production in agricultural enterprises of Comrat, Ceadir-Lunga and Vulcanesti districts for 2009-2020 was also carried out. In the course of the analysis, calculations were made of the growth (fall) rates of the harvesting areas, gross harvest and yield for the studied 24 years. In addition, the forecast of indicators for 2021-2022 was calculated. All calculated indicators are presented in the graphs for clarity. In conclusion, it is noted that the proposed version of the analysis of the state of grape cultivation in ATU Gagauzia is quite simple and affordable and therefore can be used by both practicing specialists and university students.

STATISTICAL ASSESSMENT OF FRAUD AND IRREGULARITY INCIDENTS OF THE AFIR FRAMEWORK DURING THE PERIOD 2014-2020

Author(s): Adelina-Maria Ciobanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 38/2024

This study analyzes the incidents of fraud and irregularities identified in projects funded by the Agency for Rural Investment Financing (AFIR) in the period 2014-2020. The research highlights diverse and complex typologies of fraud and irregularities, providing a statistical assessment of their distribution by forms of organization, implementation counties, financing measures, and the value of the associated damages. The conclusions emphasize the need for rigorous and continuous verification measures to prevent such practices in the future.

COMING OUT OF THE SHADOWS? HOUSING CONDITIONS OF IRREGULAR MIGRANT WORKERS IN SPANISH AGRICULTURAL ENCLAVES

Author(s): ANA LÓPEZ-SALA,Yoan Molinero-Gerbeau / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

The development of industrial agriculture in Spain has been accompanied, in recent decades, by an itinerant, recurrent and temporary mobility of immigrant workers between different productive enclaves. Although this group presents a wide internal diversity, an important segment of it is made up of workers in an irregular situation who participate in the seasonal circuit and who reside temporarily in some of these intensive production geographies. Their employment in conditions of informality makes them highly susceptible to extreme forms of labour exploitation, and to widespread difficulties in gaining access to a nonprecarious legal status, which has turned their lives into an overlapping succession of chronic forms of social and labour exclusion. Additionally, the lack of political will, along with institutional and social racism has condemned many of these migrants to extreme forms of housing exclusion that has led them to reside in abandoned buildings, and spatially segregated informal settlements. In this article, we focus on this housing dimension, analysing the intersections between having an irregular status, performing agricultural work, and experiencing a subaltern spatial – residential situation. However, far from aiming to reproduce a passive vision of this issue, we analyse how migrants themselves have tried to respond to this situation. Recently, they have channelled a mobilization around the right to live in dignified conditions that has integrated demands for regularization, demands articulated around labour rights, and demands for the right to decent housing in the enclaves where they reside, thus contesting a deeply rooted policy of indifference that extends to the host societies.

Impactul percepției riscului asupra rentabilității din sectorul agricol românesc

Author(s): Dumitru Florin Moise / Language(s): English Issue: Special/2024

This study examines the effect of different levels of rentability on the perception of the risks in the agri-business sector in Romania. The risks analysed are related to production, market, institutional, personnel and financial and the rentability ratios used are return on assets and return on equity. The research methodology consists in a qualitative study, with the data collected using field questionnaires. The convenience sampling was used as sampling method for 201 companies with farming activity in the vegetal nutrition area, the population being very large, and the financial data for 2021 consisted of analyses basis. A one-way ANOVA test was performed using SPSS software, combined with a descriptive analysis and homogeneity and robust tests. The results of the study show that it is likely that both return on assets and return on equity have a significant effect on the market risk perception. The market risk is related to the price volatility for agriculture inputs and crops and the farmers with higher rentability are more aware of these risks. The contributions of this approach are aimed both at the microeconomic level, providing benchmarks in the substantiation of strategies on risk-return trade-off, and at the macroeconomic level, providing a benchmark in the substantiation of policies in this field.

Identity, Law and Agrarian Economy in India: Past and Present

Author(s): Praveen Verma / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article discusses the contentious issue of agricultural reform in India, particularly focusing on the three Acts proposed by the ruling party in September 2021. These Acts aimed to revolutionize farming practices but faced significant opposition from agrarian communities nationwide, cul- minating in extensive protests and the eventual withdrawal of the bills. The debate surrounding these Acts delves into questions of agrarian identity and the historical construction of the farmer’s role, going back to colonial-era policies and their lasting impact. The article highlights the complex interplay between legal frameworks, social identities, and economic structures, emphasizing the transition of the farmer’s identity from a class-based to a caste-based construct. Through historical analysis and contemporary parallels, it explores how colonial legacies continue to shape agrarian politics and the ongoing struggle to define and protect the interests of farmers in India.

Tamara Cojuhari, Gheorghe Postolache, Sergiu Pană. Diversitatea floristică a Grădinii Botanice a Muzeuliu Național de Etnografie și Istorie Naturală

Author(s): Petru Tarhon / Language(s): English Issue: 30/2019

Review of: Tamara Cojuhari, Gheorghe Postolache, Sergiu Pană. Diversitatea floristică a Grădinii Botanice a Muzeuliu Național de Etnografie și Istorie Naturală. Ghid informativ. Chișinău: Lexon Prim, 2019, 140 p.

Local Wastewater Treatment Plants and Their Role in the Circular Economy

Author(s): Daniel Tokushev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2023

The realization that we are highly dependent on the increasingly limited water resources and the opportunity offered by the circular economy for the reversibility of this important resource become a matter of personal and societal growth. The use of wastewater treatment plants has been proven to bring with it positives for both the environment and water, as well as for human health. The introduction of local waste water treatment plants in small agglomerations is the nowadays step towards a better and ecological environment, and in addition it leads to financial savings achieved by the low subsequent costs.

Optimisation, Simulation, and Characterisation of Mahogany (Khaya Senegalensis) Seed Oil Extract

Author(s): Dauda Baba,Umar Omeiza Aroke,Jibril Mohammed,Saidat Olanipekun Giwa / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

The increasing demand for sustainable biofuel alternatives has encouraged the exploration of non-edible seed oils, with mahogany (Khaya Senegalensis) seed oil emerging as a promising candidate. This study investigates the optimisation of oil extraction from mahogany seeds using a combined response surface methodology (RSM) approach and process simulation. Soxhlet extraction with n-hexane as the solvent was employed, and the effects of extraction time, temperature, solvent/seed ratio, and particle size on oil yield were evaluated. A central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to develop a statistically significant model that accurately predicted oil yield based on the selected process parameters. Optimisation through RSM identified the optimal extraction conditions as 106 minutes extraction time, 68°C temperature, 5.05 ml/g solvent/seed ratio, and particle size of 1 mm. These conditions resulted in a maximum experimental oil yield of 58.9%, which agreed with the model's prediction of 61.17%. The extracted oil was characterised using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The analysis revealed a high content of unsaturated fatty acids, primarily linoleic acid (38.93%) and oleic acid (24.43%); other minor components, such as palmitic acid (0.34%) and stearic acid (2.74%), were also present making it suitable for biodiesel production. Furthermore, an Aspen Plus® model was developed to simulate the entire extraction process, including purification and solvent recovery. Sensitivity analysis and optimisation of the model led to 99.99% oil purity and complete hexane recovery, demonstrating the potential for sustainable and efficient oil extraction for the biodiesel production process. This study highlights the efficacy of combining experimental optimisation through RSM with process simulation for maximising oil yield and achieving high-quality oil suitable for biodiesel production.

Drought vulnerability in the Danube basin, the Czech Republic and the Republic of Moldova in 2022

Author(s): Tudor TRIFAN,Vera POTOPOVÁ / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

This study delves into assessing drought vulnerability using a comprehensive framework. By leveraging the Drought Vulnerability Index (DVI), the study explores the intricate dynamics within the basin. The exposure component scrutinizes the region's susceptibility to agricultural drought through the SPEI-3 index for the year 2022, coupled with a nuanced analysis of population density across 151 administrative units NUTS-3 from the Danube Basin, Czech Republic and the Republic of Moldova. Sensitivity analysis encompasses critical factors such as the share of crop area from ESRI Land Cover Explorer, the proportion of the aged population (aged 65+), and the prevalence of poverty rates (PPP 2018). Moreover, the evaluation of adaptive capacity incorporates the GDP per capita in $ for each administrative region, shedding light on the region's resilience to mitigate drought impacts. This research offers a holistic perspective on drought vulnerability, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions and adaptive strategies in the study area to enhance resilience and sustainability in the face of changing climatic conditions.