A szén-dioxid mint értékmérő. Hogyan teremt értéket és pénzt a klímaváltozás?

Author(s): Steffen Dalsgaard / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 25/2019

The introduction of the Kyoto Protocol is an attempt to save the climate through a number of schemes, or mechanisms, that commodify carbon. Among other things, these schemes create monetary incentives to reduce carbon emissions through the trade of permits and credits, and they make carbon an object of financial speculation. Most controversial is apparently the potential of carbon thus to be a universal yardstick for value by commensurating moral spheres of human action (the environment, the economy, development, etc.) that some people regard as distinct. This paper explores the consequences of the speculative aspects of carbon as a standard of value and as potential currency.on

A THEORETICAL AND EMPIRICAL APPROACH TO FOREIGN LABOUR MIGRATION AND EMPLOYMENT: THE CASE OF AGRI-FOOD MIGRANT WORKERS IN DEVELOPED ECONOMIES

Author(s): Aldona Zawojska,Tomasz Siudek / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2021

Most of the research on migration has focused on the scale and effects of people exodus from rural to urban areas rather than on rural areas as recipients of migrants, especially foreign migrants. This study aims to analyse employment of foreigners in agriculture and food processing sectors of selected developed countries, with particular emphasis on the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. It first reviews existing literature on ideas and theories about human migration through the history of economic and social thought. This theoretical background lies in the economic, social, health, demographic and integrated theories and concepts of migration that help understand the pull and push causes as well consequences of current international migration processes. Next, this article presents some facts about the employment of foreigners in agriculture and food processing in developed countries traditionally affected by severe labour shortages in these sectors, as well as the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on employers and workers. The results reveal that labour shortages and labour exploitation are amongst the most frequent and relatively consistent issues associated with immigrant workers in the agri-food industry. During COVID-19, these problems were exacerbated and complemented with the workers’ health risk due to coronavirus clusters on farms and at food-processing plants.

A UNIFIED MODEL FOR THE GOVERNING DYNAMICS OF AGRICULTURAL FRONTIER ZONES

Author(s): Christopher Barber Troskosky,Jonathan Mark White,Lukas Gaižauskas / Language(s): English / Issue: 45/2019

We present a unified model for the movement of agricultural frontiers based on the construction of the parallax shift and its relation to normalizable science. The model is based on data from the Baltic Basin, where for thousands of years, complex and semi-complex hunter/gatherer/fishers and agriculturalists remained in an equilibrium state. When agriculturalization occurred, it occurred in a punctuated equilibrium manner, which defies current models of agricultural frontier movement, and by extension, current understandings of the underlying dynamics of social change. This new model is a modification of Structuration (Giddens 1984), with the emerging field of selforganized criticality within Physics (Bak et. al 1988; Brunk 2002b). These modifications require two additional governing dynamics not included in Giddens’s original formulation. When joined to an agricultural frontiers model with selective information permeability, these governing dynamics allow for societies to undergo punctuated equilibrium change under stress affect conditions. This results in critical behavior without the need for chaotic state change (Bak et. al 1988). This results in the creation of new material culture assemblages, reflecting new societal structures which are in equilibrium with the social and environmental landscape. The model is scale independent in both space and time, presenting some interesting conclusions.

Abordări ştiinţifice emergente privind digitalizarea filierei vitivinicole

Author(s): Petru Boboc,Mădălina Elena Deaconu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 5/2021

Progresul tehnologic conduce de cele mai multe ori la transformarea modului în care percepem și acționăm atât în viața de zi cu zi, cât și în modalitatea de desfășurare și gândire din domeniul afacerilor. Prin fenomenul de „digitalizare” înțelegem îmbunătățirea sistemelor de producție, de transport, pentru a asigura fluxul continuu de alimente, îmbunătățirea implementării măsurilor de sprijin din sector și optimizarea utilizării resurselor naturale. Dintre beneficiile digitalizării unei afaceri putem aminti: automatizarea proceselor, creșterea productivității, eficientizarea costurilor sau accesul într-un timp cât mai scurt la informații. În acest studiu se utilizează o abordare bibliometrică pentru evaluarea tendințelor de cercetare cu privire la impactul digitalizării asupra domeniului agriculturii – ramura viticultură, în vederea integrării tehnologiei digitale în business, domeniu în care pe parcursul acestor ani, de progres tehnic, nu au fost pe deplin asimilate avantajele aduse de fenomenul digitalizării. Apariția tehnologiilor agricole și de vinificație de precizie și cererea tot mai mare de produse pe bază de struguri de calitate a determinat o creștere a interesului față de practica viticulturii de precizie; De aceea, dincolo de perspectiva academică, prezentul studiu își propune să expună exemple de bune practici din sectorul privat din România ale îmbinării viticulturii – că ramură a agriculturii – cu elemente noi, aduse pe piață de fenomenul progresului digital. De asemenea, acest studiu amintește de existența digitalizării din sectorul public aferent, pe scurt, cu scopul de a crea o imagine de ansamblu cât mai clară legată de beneficiile instrumentelor ce sunt deja puse în folosința – Oficiul Naţional al Viei şi Produselor Vitivinicole, Sistemul Informatic Naţional al Viei şi Vinului și Registrul Plantațiilor Viticole.

About Regional Economic Thought

Author(s): Avtandil Silagadze / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Georgia is a small country but it is one of the ancient states in the world that has its unique alphabet. Unfortunately, a considerable part of its territory has been occupied. The country lacks the experience in building the market economy. Interesting economic thoughts originated in Georgia in various historical epochs, which still deserve close attention. In particular, the feudal age in Georgia gave way to multiple economic thoughts that are still significant these days. One of them is a Code of Laws of Beka and Agbug (XIII-XIV cc.) published in Georgian, which, first of all, covers the issues of regional governance. Some mercantilist ideas expressed in the Code precede the creation of the School of Mercantilism. The Code is an important historical source for market economy researchers, because it determined several essential issues of the economy in general, and agriculture, industry and financial-credit relations, in particular. The Code includes several noteworthy opinions concerning the possibility to hire a labour force and labour remuneration, which to some extent was an innovation for the thinking of that age. Economic ideas expressed in one of the important written sources of Georgian (and not only Georgian) economic thinking correspond not only to regional interests, but to the national and, in some instances, broader scale interests. The Code was created for one of the oldest regions of Georgia which was of particular strategic, spiritual and economic significance for the country. In spite of certain independence, the region always acted in favour of national interests of the country. In this light, the Code of Laws analyzed in this article is one of the valuable written sources about mercantilism (even long before its foundation), the first doctrine of economic development of society, and certain elements of market economy doctrines.

About the Governance Efficiency of Agricultural Farms. The Case of Bulgaria

Author(s): Hrabrin Bachev / Language(s): English / Issue: 75/2022

The New Institutional Economics framework is incorporated and a practical approach for assessing the level and factors of governance efficiency of Bulgarian farms suggested. The evaluation is made on the basis of original micro-data collected by the managers of typical farms of different type and location. The "Nature of the problems in effective organization for major class farm transactions for securing needed factors of production and output marketing" is used as an indicator for the comparative efficiency and adaptability of individual farms. The study found that the governance efficiency of farms is at a Good level but 60% of all holdings are with a Low efficiency. Major factors for inferior governance efficiency of farms are unsatisfactory efficiency in supply of necessary labor, innovations and know-how, and funding. There is a huge variation in the level and factors of governance efficiency of farms with different juridical types and sizes as well as in the share of farms with different levels of efficiency in each group. A strong correlation is found between the level of governance efficiency of farms, and diverse critical internal and external market, technological, institutional, personal, etc. factors. There is a big discrepancy between the “new” assessment of Governance efficiency with dominating traditional approaches for farm efficiency assessments based on factors' productivity. There was an improvement in the overall governance efficiency of farms during 2016-2020 but the share of efficient farms significantly declined during the period.

Accepting the challenges of agricultural entrepreneurship and management development research: a viewpoint

Author(s): Alexandra Pliakoura / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2021

The purpose of this paper is to put forward some ideas on what factors significantly affect entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector, in order to help strengthen them as well as outline practical strategies that can be used by future researchers. The paper is a viewpoint contribution based on the author's research on “entrepreneurship” and “entrepreneurship education” engagement with the development of management in the agricultural field. The research carried out in Western Greece among farmers entrepreneurs. A number of ideas are outlined under the following headings: creating mutually interesting content; demonstrating practical implications; motivating academics. The viewpoint summarizes the key challenges of agricultural entrepreneurship stakeholders and will be of interest to policy makers for the creation of well-targeted development programs.

Accounting control of capital investment management: realities of Ukraine and Poland

Author(s): Liubov Gutsalenko,Mirosław Wasilewski,Tetiana Mulyk,Uliana Marchuk,Yaroslavna Mulyk / Language(s): English / Issue: 3-4/2018

The authors overview macroeconomic indicators of Ukraine and Poland. Being the basis of capital investment, they facilitate further increase in agricultural output in the system of strategic agricultural management. The article compares the indicators of Ukraine and Poland and researches the countries’ agricultural prospective. It has been found that capital investment is required by business entities in order to realise their potential. The authors have identified regulatory tools ensuring control and accounting of capital investment in the international media and the accounting systems of Ukraine and Poland and carried out a comparison of the regulatory tools for accounting of capital investment in the international accounting system (International Accounting Standard 16 «Fixed Assets»), Ukrainian accounting system (Accounting Standard 7 «Fixed Assets») and Polish accounting system (National Accounting Standard 11 «Fixed Assets»). The article describes both common and distinctive features of certain parts of the abovementioned regulations and proves that the regulatory tools are to provide local and international investors with a legal framework with regard to changes in fixed assets in order to avoid and reduce investment risks. For instance, the comparison of the notion “fixed assets” in the International Accounting Standards and the National Accounting Standards of Ukraine and Poland proves their similarity. However, differences should be considered as well. The difference between the Polish Standard and IFRS in the valuation of a fixed asset on a balance day lies in the fact that according to IFRS fixed assets are evaluated at fair market prices, whereas the Polish Standard allows asset revaluation by a historic price (expenditure on construction or purchase). The Polish Standard only allows the revaluation of the fixed asset based on a particular regulation. The article investigates the dynamics of capital investment financing in both Ukraine and Poland, and identifies the total share of the countries’ capital investment, including government funding in agriculture, forestry and fishery. In particular, the authors of the article have researched international accounting and control standards ensuring the functions of control over controlling bodies and capital investment. The authors have developed a model of informational tools and impact factor management in the process of investing in agricultural business. Consequently, relationships between different parts of the model, namely informational tools (accounting, control and analysis), investments (internal and external), parties involved (investors, manufacturers, etc.) and risks at micro- and macro levels have been identified. It has been proved that taking these parts into consideration will contribute to the investment attractiveness of businesses in Ukraine and Poland.

ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM CHANGE IN AN AGRICULTURE COMPANY: EXAMINATION USING BURNS AND SCAPENS FRAMEWORK

Author(s): Kamaruzzaman Muhammad,Nor’Azam Mastuki,Faizah Darus,Erlane K. Ghani / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2019

This paper presents the findings of investigation on the accounting information change (AIS) in an agriculture company following the change in its business model and organisational structure due to government policy. This study adopted the Burns and Scapens’ framework that identified three dichotomies -- namely, evolutionary vs revolutionary, progressive vs regressive and formal vs informal in facilitating the understanding of change. Using an interview approach, this study found that the AIS structure has experienced a major transformation due to which the existing SAP system was upgraded and integrated with five new systems. The nature of change in the upgraded SAP is evolutionary in nature. In terms of a progressive or regressive change, the upgrading process of SAP seems to be a progressive one rather than regressive. Finally, the company adopted the top down approach, which is an indication that the company has adopted a formal change. Several strategic allocations such as sufficient resources and funds, the use of external and internal experts, top management participation and also education and training were provided to ensure the success of AIS change. The findings of this study can serve as a guideline for business practices and also contribute to academic knowledge and literature.

Acidita zrážok a jej dynamika vo vŕbovom ekosystéme

Author(s): Ján Machava,Jaroslav Demko,Gabriela Hrkľová,Eduard Bublinec / Language(s): Slovak / Issue: 2/2018

The work was aimed at monitoring the chemistry of precipitation after passing through the willow ecosystem. Precipitation samples were evaluated for 2 years. Most of the observed rainfall was acidic. The highest acidity of precipitation was recorded in an open area in continuous open collector (pH = 5.51). The lowest acidity was measured at throughfall willow ecosystem (pH = 5.77). Chemical analyzes of atmospheric precipitation have shown a slight increase in acidity. The great extremity of values (3.72 to 7.04) was found in pH results collected over the course of two years. According to the precipitation scale, the lower extreme pH falls to very acidic and the upper value to a neutral range. The lowest bottom pH was recorded in December in the open collector and the highest upper value in November in the same colletor. Except for actual acidity, the extremity of values has certainly a negative impact on the stability of forest and soil ecosystems. As for the individual annual periods, most acidic precipitation fell in the winter to the part-covering collector. In other seasons, precipitation were less acidic. The average pH values in individual seasons (spring, summer, autumn and winter) have occurred in the interval from 5.22 to 5.83 in the part-covering collector (K1), 5,01 – 5.81 in the opened collector (K2) and 5,32 – 6.00 in the collector in the willow ecosystem (K3). At assessing the resulting pH in the individual collectors, it can be concluded that the acidity of precipitation has not changed significantly. This natural relation is also confirmed by the average figures for the whole period. All average pH values lie in a slightly acidic region.

Acta Marisiensis. Seria Oeconomica

Frequency: 1 issues / Country: Romania

Actual Aspects of Cadaster Relations in the Monitoring System of Land and Rural Areas

Author(s): Aksana A. Tsarenko,Irina V. SCHMIDT*,Vladimir A. TARBAEV / Language(s): English / Issue: 01 (17)/2017

The article is devoted to topical issues of land cadastral relations in the organization of the system of lands and rural areas monitoring. It presents a new model developed by the authors of the management system of lands and rural areas monitoring in the sphere of cadastral relations. The study is based on the methods of scientific research: systemic, geoinformational and statistical method. The modern complex approach to managing monitoring measures, suggested by the authors, will favor the right development of the conception of conducting monitoring. Strategic monitoring model makes it possible to organize work at a high technological level and moreover to achieve key results avoiding many problems and mistakes. The model is expressed through an organizational and strategic scheme-model that promotes effective work management and reliable data collection. The article also examines the issues influencing the development of the whole conception of the state and political system in the field of land cadastre relations. Solutions to the problems of technological and methodological support of the formation of modern interactive databases and the application of GIS technology, developed by the authors, give an opportunity to conduct deep integrated strategic monitoring of lands and rural areas in the sphere of cadastral relations.

ACTUAL ISSUES OF SOCIAL AND HUMANITARIAN EDUCATION OF STUDENTS AT AGRARIAN UNIVERSITIES

Author(s): Elena Myshak / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2019

The topical issues of teaching social and humanitarian disciplines at agrarian universities are analyzed in the article. Their place in the system of students' professional training is defined. The author pays attention to the rethinking of the experience of future agrarians’ professional training and considers it from the point of humanization of the learning process, which implies a qualitative change of priorities. The real obstacles and shortcomings in the implementation of social and humanitarian training are highlighted, the peculiarities of the construction of the educational process, its content, activity and methodological components, the need for a comprehensive solution to the problem are emphasized.

ADAPTATION OF AGRICULTURE SECTOR COMPANIES TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANT’S ROLE

Author(s): Iliyana Ankova / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2021

Agriculture is one of the leading actors for the Bulgarian economy. Agriculture is strongly dependent on climate conditions thus, it is highly affected by climate change. This paper examines the climate changes, which are expected to take place in Bulgaria and their effect on agriculture. Also, the paper investigates the role of management accountants in the adaptation of Bulgarian agricultural firms to climate changes.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL SUPERVISION OF THE VETERINARY INSPECTION OVER FOOD SAFETY IN POLAND – SELECTED ISSUES

Author(s): Ewa Bonusiak / Language(s): English / Issue: 31/2020

Legal sciences, raising food safety as the subject of research, focus mainly on striving to ensure sufficiently effective legal regulations and the system of bodies controlling and supervising the food market that determine the correct health quality of food. One such body is the Veterinary Inspection. And while it focuses in its tasks mainly on the protection of animal health, it directly and indirectly affects the maintenance of food health requirements. Supervision exercised by the said Inspection plays an important role in ensuring a high level of protection of human life and health, and also protects the economic interests of the consumer. These two goals are basic. Additional objectives are protection of the reliability of commercial transactions, ensuring the free movement of food in the European Union, protection of animal health and living conditions and protection of the environment. They are of particular importance for determining acceptable limits of competences that can be entrusted to public administration bodies, including the said Inspection. The article presents the activities of the Veterinary Inspection to protect food safety and selected executive forms that it uses for this purpose. These types of entities are equipped with such forms of activity because they fulfill a protective function in the public administration system. However, this function implies the obligation to protect many different values desired individually, as well as maintain (ensure) objectively desired states of affairs, phenomena and processes.

ADOPTION OF PRECISION FARMING TECHNOLOGIES: USA AND EU SITUATION

Author(s): Donika Maloku / Language(s): English / Issue: 22/2020

Through this article, the author aims to identify the adoption rates and types of precision farming technologies embraced by farmers in the USA and the EU. Research papers in relation to the adoption of precision agriculture technologies were collected and divided into two groups, according to their geographic region: USA and EU. Books, scientific articles, reports and conference papers were reviewed and studied. Likewise, the material about the adoption of precision agriculture technologies was accumulated. The level of adoption in the USA differs from one state to another. The percentage rate of adoption is higher in the Southern States, and the overall adoption of precision agriculture technologies reaches to about 91%. United Kingdom, Denmark and Germany have higher rates of adoption compared with other countries in the EU. Similarly, the percentage rate of adoption is higher in the USA in comparison with EU countries. In the USA prevails a diversification of precision agriculture technologies adopted by US farmers. On the contrary, in the EU, the majority of research papers reported mainly some level of adoption of yield monitors/mapping and variable rate technologies for applying inputs.

Advancement level of logistic information management systems in Polish food industry

Author(s): Piotr Jałowiecki / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2020

The paper presents the results of research on differentiation of the advancement level of solutions and logistics management systems based on ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) used in the Polish food industry. The research was conducted in terms of industry, employment size and three market characteristics of the surveyed enterprises: investment level, financial situation and market position. The study used the IAI (Information Advancement Index) synthetic indicator and two methods for categorizing its values: uniform across the range of values and based on mean values and standard deviation. The paper also presents the reference of the obtained research results to the productivity paradox of Solow and the results of similar research previously carried out on the level of advancement of logistics solutions and systems in the Polish food industry.

Advances in Food Processing based on Sustainable Bioeconomy

Author(s): Maryna SAMILYK,Svitlana LUKASH,Natalia Bolgova,Anna HELIKH,Nataliia MASLAK,Oleksandr MASLAK / Language(s): English / Issue: 05 (45)/2020

Bio economics can use a range of raw materials and use various processes to transform these raw materials into a wide range of different products. Examples of a wide range of commodities, products and processes are given. The present study focuses on developed countries to propose some marketing actions that could help in reducing food waste. The main contribution of this study is the proposal of marketing actions that help in tacking food waste, as one of the main perspective approaches in bioeconomy. The benefits of vegetable and fruit processing in the context of bio economics are generalized. Based on the analysis, a model of waste-free technologies was developed. Considering the advantages of applying the principle of non-waste production, the author's technology of integrated processing of vegetables was developed, taking into account the improvement of existing methods. The main advantages of the proposed method of non-waste processing of vegetables directed to the sustainable consumption identified in the areas: social, economic and natural.

Advancing the contextual factors impeding the development of aquapreneurship in Cameroon

Author(s): Bernard Lama Ngota / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/2020

Objective: The objective of this article is to examine the contextual factors impeding the growth and development of aquapreneurship in Cameroon. Research Design & Methods: The empirical study was conducted during November and December on a sample of 195 aquapreneurs in the Littoral, West, and Central regions of Cameroon. The study employed self-administered structured questionnaires and individual invitations were sent out to aquapreneurs in these regions. To compile the results, 150 completely filled-out questionnaires were used. Findings: Findings revealed that fish farmers faced several challenges including the high cost of constructing, filling, and managing ponds, the high rate of fish predators, fish death due to diseases, the high cost of feed, and the lack of financing, industries to manufacture quality fish feed, and space to expand fishponds. Implications & Recommendations: The study recommends all-encompassing measures by the government regarding awareness through education, the production of fingerlings at low cost to farmers, encouraging new entrants in fish feed manufacturing industries, and credit policies to accommodate aquapreneurs and improve incorporation into the globalised economy. Contribution & Value Added: This study is significant because it highlights the plight of aquapreneurs in a developing country such as Cameroon and brings to the fore the challenges this sector encounters to develop the aquaculture industry.

Advancing the convergence and integration of rural border areas

Author(s): Mykhailo Hazuda,Victoriya Gotra,Lesya Hazuda / Language(s): English / Issue: 11-12/2016

The article touches upon the need for greater convergence and integration in order to provide economic converge and alignment of regional economies, in particular in rural border areas, which is based primarily on effective functioning of the priority areas and implementation of economic activities. The authors have conducted a rating evaluation in terms of GDP (GRP) per capita of the western border regions of Ukraine (Transcarpathian, Ivano-Frankivsk, Lviv and Chernivtsi regions) and border areas of the neighbouring countries (Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Hungary). The study confirms that the border areas of Slovakia, Hungary and Poland differ favourably from the studied regions of other neighbouring Romania, and especially Ukraine, in terms of socio-economic development. The authors have studied European approaches to forming agricultural policy and sustainable rural development, consideration of which will facilitate the deepening revitalisation processes convergence and integration of rural border areas of Ukraine, as well as the competitiveness of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises and their access to the European market. EU Common Agricultural Policy towards 2020 and the Strategy of Development of the Agricultural Sector for the Period until 2020 adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine were considered in the research in order to provide effective mechanism of sectoral and territorial integration of the rural border areas. The conclusions have been formulated as follows. Ensuring convergence and integration of regional economic systems in accordance with the level the socio-economic development and compliance with environmental tenets of sustainable development is conditioned by the further integration into the European structures. In the long term, the actual task for Ukraine is to develop and adopt a new strategy of interregional and international cooperation, including integration and cooperation between the western border regions of Ukraine and the neighbouring countries, such as Hungary, Poland, Slovakia and Romania, in the field of socio-economic activities and environmental protection. Such an approach will lead to finding solutions to the problems of agricultural development as an important component of sustainable rural development. Convergence and integration of rural border areas will help to build a sustainable living environment with further enhancement of the local population well-being and prosperity.