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ADVANTAGES OF USING LMS IN TRAINING FOR AGRICULTURAL ADVISORS

Author(s): Péter Lengyel,Judit Oláh,János Pancsira,István Füzesi,József Popp / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2017

Our research aims to examine the spread of e-learning applications for the further training of agricultural professionals, particularly in the human development of agro-technical administrative staff and experts. In addition to traditional forms of training, there was a need to establish a distance learning system (e-learning platform), which was an extensive multimedia-based solution for the staff of the central Agricultural Office (CAO), working in different parts of the country and responsible for different areas. The e-learning (distance learning) pilot training of cAO professionals started at the end of 2009. this fact reinforced our intention to carry out our research among them. Our research started in 2011 when we administered a questionnaire among the advisors. We repeated this in 2015 and 2017. this article features a comparison of the results.

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Affordability of food as a key condition of food security of households

Author(s): Ruslan Mudrak,Yuriy Tsymbalyuk,Larisa Fytsyk,Chin-Hong Puah / Language(s): English / Issue: 11-12/2017

Introduction. An analysis of available statistical information gives grounds to assert that the right of a significant number of Ukrainian citizens to adequate and affordable food is systematically violated. We mean those people who are in the state of constant food insecurity due to excessive costs required to purchase food. The problem of food security of the population, and thus food safety, has deep social background. Food insecurity, viewed as a lack of food safety, is inextricably linked with another equally pressing problem which is poverty. The purpose of the research is to find evidence that excessive costs that Ukrainian households spend on purchasing food (objectively as well as in comparison with the other countries) is an obvious sign that they are in a state of food insecurity and to conduct a critical analysis of the official boundary value indicator of affordability of food as a key condition of food security of Ukraine. Results and Conclusion. Poverty is the root cause of malnutrition and hunger. According to the methodology developed by the United Nations, about 78% of the population in Ukraine was below the line of poverty in the second half of 2016. The poverty of the Ukrainian population automatically generates the problem of food affordability: the value of the affordability of products indicator did not fall below 50% in the period from 1999 to 2016 (except for 2008). The 60% regulatory limit of the value of the affordability of products indicator is unreasonably high. This is confirmed by the comparative analysis of the practical experience of food security of the population and the methodology for determining the threshold of food affordability in other countries and international organisations.

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AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES – A NEW MANIFESTATION OF SOCIAL FARMING

Author(s): Radka Nenova / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2014

The importance of the social-economic sector has increased regardingboth the European and the national economy. Its future development andimprovement is among the priorities of the EU’s common policy. Someaspects of the social economy which are related to the characterisation of theconcept of social enterprise, its regulations and conditions for its functioningrepresent a topic for discussion and are a subject of scientific interest in thispaper.The study focuses on the possibility of combining some of the featuresof social enterprises with those of conventional farms. As a result, a model hasbeen developed for the operation of socially-oriented agrarian enterprises inBulgaria.

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Agrarian Policies and the Propriety during the Communist Regime

Author(s): Daniela Osiac,Cezar Avram / Language(s): English / Issue: 06+07/2005

La disparition de la propriété paysanne individuelle "dans le but d'arrêter le développement de l'agriculture socialiste", après la nationalisation de l'industrie, devait éliminer, pour le présent et à l'avenir, l'opposition à l'état totalitaire communiste.

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Agrarian Policies in Communist and Post-Communist Romania: Interferences, Discontinuities and Consequences on the Social Development Level

Author(s): Cezar Avram,Roxana Radu,Mihaela BĂBIERU / Language(s): English / Issue: 37+38/2013

This research focuses to fulfill the following desiderata: describing the process of Romanian agriculture’s collectivization after the model of the Stalinist “kolhoz” and its consequences on social, political and moral level; identifying the difficulties faced by the Romanian agriculture after the fall of communism and after the accession to European Union; defining the main objectives and challenges of the agricultural policy in present Romania, confronted with the global economic crisis. Last but not least, the intention of this paper was to stimulate debate on a subject closely related to social development of Romania in the years after the fall of communism and the role played by the communist mentalities and heritage.

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Agrarian processing industry as a guarantor of food security in the region

Author(s): Olga Emelyanova,Oksana Mihaylova / Language(s): English / Issue: 11-12/2017

The article singles out various clusters of EU geopolitical subjects for food production. The research touches upon the ranking carried out on the basis of the share of processed goods in the structure of the EU, which makes it possible to assess the contribution to ensuring the food security of the members of the Union. Seven indicators of the production of processed goods in 2016 were selected for the current analysis. As a result, the authors of the article have identified and analysed geopolitical subjects that determine the stability of the EU agricultural production, namely the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Ireland, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Romania, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Sweden and others. It has been noted that opportunities for industrial cooperation and development of coordinated policies on various areas of interaction are increasing within the framework of the associations.

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Agrarian Reform in the Middle East (1945-1965)

Author(s): Behçet Kemal Yeşilbursa / Language(s): English / Issue: 25/2019

At the beginning of the 1950s, Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen and Saudi Arabia were sparsely populated, and had large areas of agriculturally undeveloped land. In all five countries, share cropping was, or had been, practised extensively and the working peasant populations lived at a meagre subsistence level. Land had tended to accumulate in the hands of a small, but politically powerful, class which had no interest in reform and would block any reforming measures which might be initiated. Nevertheless, agrarian reform was very much on the agenda from 1945 onwards, and was given high priority in the programmes of all radical and revolutionary movements. Between 1945 and 1965, agrarian reform had been introduced into Turkey, Iran, Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, Yemen and Saudi Arabia with varying effect. However, most governments instituted agrarian reform for political reasons, with not all of them being as successful as they may have hoped. All the same, it seemed clear that in those countries in which reform had taken or was taking place it would be impossible to turn the clock back, and that the power of the landowning oligarchies had been broken once and for all. These countries of the Middle East were moving out of a static, medieval condition, and rapid political, economic and social changes were beginning to take place. However, they all had to realise that agrarian reform was not an end in itself, and that, in order for any kind of land reform to realise its full value, it must be accompanied by reforms in other spheres such as education and administration.

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Agrarinių teritorijų planavimo teisiniai ir metodiniai aspektai

Author(s): Audrius Aleknavičius,Marius Aleknavičius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2/2017

Agricultural land protection and its improvement of use after a land reform are analyzed in this article. The main task of this research is to analyze legal acts which regulate the planning of land use and landscape management in rural territories and provide proposals for its improvement. Farming lands with fertile soils are an exceptional natural resource which needs to be saved and improved by limiting the conversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural use. Laws should define a compensation for the decreasing area of farming lands as defined for forest land conversion to other use. It is recommended to prepare land management planning documents where perspective boundaries of farms are formed and possibilities to increase farming land area by converting abandoned land or other land plots with fertile soil. Preparation of land management schemes should be connected with agricultural land purchase regulation and rural development land management projects should be linked with state support measures for farms development and protection of rural landscape.

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Agrarna politika evropske zajednice

Author(s): Vlatko Mileta / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1982

Agriculture in the European Economic Community is developing under the cloak of protectionism It can be even claimed that the agrarian protectionism practised by the European Community is the most perfect system of agricultural support ever encountered among the interventionist practices of capitalist states. The history of capitalist agriculture records three systems of interventionism the system of price supports, agricultural subridles and other facilities. EEC’s agricultural policy does not correspond fully to any of these systems, but is rather a combination of elements from all of them. It was conceived the basis of the experiences of national agricultural policies. and was subsequently evolved within the context of the overall trends in the community. The dissolution processes which appear in the relationship between national interests and global integration tendencies only prove that the present policy, too, contains certain weak points, and that their elimination requires an increasing presence of organized forms of action, on the one hand, and ever larger financial resources, on the other. Hence frequent dramatisations of specific problems of agrarian integration and the realisation that the agricultural question constitutes a fundamental issue of this European integration grouping.

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AGRARNA POLITIKA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ NA PUTU OD POLJOPRIVREDNOGA DO ODRŽIVOGA RURALNOG RAZVITKA

Author(s): Zoran Grgić,Tito Žimbrek,Ramona Franić / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 68/2003

In the paper we have started from the supposition that Croatian agricultural policy in its elements (policy objectives, measures and methods, stakeholders, results), has been transformed due to the impact of the world food market enlargement and economic globalization. Priorities, forms and dynamics of intervention have been changed, which was in the past decade enriched by a new dimension: the introduction of the concept of sustainable development of rural areas. The emphasis of the analysis is on the price and subsidy policy that makes up the skeleton of the agricultural policy during the entire analyzed period.

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Agrarna reforma po drugi svetovni vojni - značaj, učinki, posledice

Author(s): Zdenko Čepič / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1-2/1992

The author outlines the nature and/or aims of the Yugoslav authorities’ agrarian reform at the end of World War II; the reform was the first of its political and economic measures, enacted as early as 1943. The prime aim of the agrarian reform was inherently political. The author briefly describes its effects in Slovenia, and eventually deals with the implications obvious primarily in the economic sphere, specifically in the structure of land holdings and the social structure.

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AGRARNO I SELJAČKO PITANJE U JUGOSLAVIJI S OSVRTOM NA MEĐURATNI I RATNI PERIOD 1945 - 1953.

Author(s): Vera Kržišnik-Bukić / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1+2/1989

The agrarian and peasant issue includes social, economic, political, socio-psychological and cultural subject matter, whose meaning changes through historic evolution and differs from one particular country to another, but nevertheless primarily depends on the character of the political and economic structure of a given global society. The period discussed in this study is very short from a historical viewpoint, but considering the dynamics of events which took place in the world and in Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century, this is a period filled with numerous, important events and agrarian changes vital to the agrarian and peasant issue. It would be difficult to understand the changes which took place in agrarian affairs after World War II, without being acquainted with the pre-and post-War periods of this subject matter. The primary activity in the economy of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was farming. The two crucial problems of this branch of economy were peasants’ debts and the never satisfied „hunger” of the peasants for land. Hence, there was not a single political party whose program and political activity did not deal with the peasant and agrarian issues. The Yugoslav Communist Party could not avoid this problem either; during World War II it already found itself in a position to influence changes in agrarian affairs. The sporadic distribution of land to the peasants (based on the principle according to which land should be given to those who cultivate it) and collectivistic farm production on liberated and semi-liberated territories, were the first heralds of changes to come. After the War, the Party, in its creation of agrarian politics, gave economic moments secondary importance in respect to political ones. The two most important political and economic measures taken by the new State in 1945, were the agrarian reform and colonization, and, with them, the farmers' and peasants' cooperatives and the practice of buying up the entire agrarian output.

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Agricultural and Organic Farming Production in the Analysis of Social Well-Being in the European Union Countries

Author(s): Agnieszka Stanimir / Language(s): English / Issue: 68/2020

The study aim is to determine the relationship of factors associated with production of organic food and the quality of life (QoL) of Europeans. The QoL and organic agriculture are not one-dimensional variables related to behavior, reactions and relationships, regarding individuals, households, producers and farmers. In addition, these factors interact with each other. We intend to determine whether the QoL of Europeans is perceived by them only in terms of ownership, or whether issues related to the assessment of the condition and status of agricultural and organic farming production affect the perception of QoL in a non-material psychological aspect. The study mainly assessed the QoL in relation to subjective well-being based on self￾assessment of Eurobarometer respondents (life satisfaction measured on 5-point Likert scale). The data for the study comes from the EUROSTAT and Eurobarometer databases for EU-countries in three groups. The analysis uses correspondence analysis and Hellwig's ordering method as main tools to detect relationships and similarities between the countries. In the study we checked whether the assessment of QoL is done by shaping individuals’ opportunities in life, not only with respect to the state of ownership but also the impact of objective factors, such as agricultural production volume.

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Agricultural and Rural Capital Markets in the EU Candidate Countries: Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey

Author(s): Štefan Bojnec / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2011

This paper analyses agricultural and rural capital factor markets in the three European Union candidate countries: Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic (FYR) of Macedonia and Turkey. Aggregate capital market indicators and their dynamics, and factors driving agricultural and rural capital markets are analysed and compared in these countries. In general, agricultural and rural capital markets show similarities with general capital market developments, but agricultural and rural capital markets are facing specific credit constraints related to agricultural assets and rural fixed asset specificities, which constrain their mortgages and collateral use. Credit market imperfections have limited access to the investment credits necessary for there structuring of small-scale individual farms. Government transfers are used to differing extents in the candidate countries, but generally tend to increase over time. Remittances and donor funds have also played an important role in agricultural and rural economy investments.

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Agricultural and Rural Labour Markets in the EU Candidate Countries of Croatia, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey

Author(s): Štefan Bojnec / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 2011

This paper provides an overview and comparison of labour markets in agricultural and rural areas inthe three candidate countries for the EU membership: Croatia, the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and Turkey. We analyse and compare the labour market structures and the factors drivingthem. The analyses are based on the available cross-section and time-series data on agricultural labour structures and living conditions in rural areas. Considerable differences are found among the candidate countries in the importance of the agricultural labour force, between rural and urban labour, and in poverty and living conditions in rural areas. Agricultural and rural labour market structures are the result of demographic and education processes, in addition to labour flows between agricultural and non-agricultural activities, from rural areas to urban ones and migration flows abroad. Declines in the agricultural labour force and rural population are fore seen for each of the candidate countries, but with significant variations between them.

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AGRICULTURAL LAND IN YUGOSLAVIA

Author(s): Budimir Radenković / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/1971

A country’s agricultural potential, basic diet, food processing industries, and farm exports are all conditioned by the area, quality and location of agricultural land. Agricultural land in Yugoslavia was largely formed in the course of the last hundred years or so, i.e. in a period of intensive socio-political changes. These brought about large-scale demographic movements (a faster natural population increment and intensive inter-regional migration), a rise in the standard of living, and a growing “hunger” for land suitable for the production of food and industrial raw materials of agricultural origin. As a result, large areas of forests have been turned into arable land and much of the first-class but swampy soil in the Pannonian Basin reclaimed (drainage canals, etc.). These developments have been especially intensive in the last fifty years or so.

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Agricultural Potential of Polish Voivodships in the Context of Sustainable Development

Author(s): Iwona Foryś,Joanna Cymerman / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

The paper focuses on the issue of the agricultural potential of Polish voivodships in the context of sustainable development. The overall objective is to measure the potential of individual voivodship markets in 2005 and 2015 and to identify those voivodships where the development potential is the biggest, based on the changes that took place over the decade between 2005 and 2015. The authors examined the agricultural potential of individual voivodships, concentrating not only on the agricultural land resources and quality, but also on the supporting infrastructure and socio-demographic factors in the environment of this property market segment. Detailed analyses covered 7 groups of diagnostic variables: geodesic areas, agricultural land, demographic variables, population incomes, agricultural production, ecology and infrastructure. The data came from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The authors ranked the voivodships by means of a synthetic measure which took into account the groups of variables that characterized the phenomenon under study.

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AGRICULTURALRESOURCES ALLOCATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Author(s): BIONDO Alessio Emanuele,BONAVENTURA Luigi / Language(s): English / Issue: 02 (10)/2014

This paper shows the direct linkage existing between the environmental sustainability and the diffusion of organic agriculture. The reason is that the environmental impact of organic agriculture is different and somehow less polluting than industrial (let us say, traditional) one. Moreover, the former delivers also healthier food, according to part of the literature. Thus, seeking for sustainability, the policy-maker may find easier to influence the allocation of natural resources in favour of the organic cultivation as an instrument to care Nature. In order to claim this rationale, a model of resource allocation is presented and the golden rule derived. The paper finally shows that organic agriculture generates a global positive externality, which implicitly measures the relevance of the balancing intervention on resources allocation.

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Agriculture and the Twofold Relationship between Food Security and Climate Change. Evidence from Romania

Author(s): Nicolae Istudor,Raluca Andreea Ion,IRINA ELENA PETRESCU,Andrei Hrebenciuc / Language(s): English / Issue: 51/2019

Nowadays, agriculture is facing a special challenge – to produce more food for a growing population, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions caused by food production. This piece of research is focused on the impact of agriculture on climate change, starting from the assumption that agriculture is affected by climate variability, but also it contributes to it by emitting greenhouse gases, under the restriction of less per capita land. The paper analyses the connection between agricultural emissions and agricultural output, using a simple regression model, which includes variables corresponding to agricultural production and to greenhouse gas emissions. The results of the research highlight the fact that agricultural production has direct effects on greenhouse gas emissions and, thereby, on climate change. The relevance of the research consists in rising awareness of the emergency to integrate climate change in policies and actions related to food security at all levels. Moreover, the paper contributes to the enrichment of scientific literature, because it presents empirical evidence supporting the different effects of agricultural practices on the environment in Romania, with implications for climate change, a scientific direction that has been little studied in other papers.

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Agriculture as a Historical-Geographical Basis of Identity of the Russian People

Author(s): Yury Vladimirovich Filippov,Anna Alexandrovna FIRSOVA / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This article provides a historical and cultural analysis of the phenomenon of identity formation of the Russian people on the basis of study of agriculture as a historical-geographical factor which had a significant influence on the processes taking place in the Russian plain at the appointed chronological period.

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