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AGRARIAN ENTERPRISES – A NEW MANIFESTATION OF SOCIAL FARMING

Author(s): Radka Nenova / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2014

The importance of the social-economic sector has increased regardingboth the European and the national economy. Its future development andimprovement is among the priorities of the EU’s common policy. Someaspects of the social economy which are related to the characterisation of theconcept of social enterprise, its regulations and conditions for its functioningrepresent a topic for discussion and are a subject of scientific interest in thispaper.The study focuses on the possibility of combining some of the featuresof social enterprises with those of conventional farms. As a result, a model hasbeen developed for the operation of socially-oriented agrarian enterprises inBulgaria.

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Agrarian Policies and the Propriety during the Communist Regime

Author(s): Daniela Osiac,Cezar Avram / Language(s): English / Issue: 06+07/2005

La disparition de la propriété paysanne individuelle "dans le but d'arrêter le développement de l'agriculture socialiste", après la nationalisation de l'industrie, devait éliminer, pour le présent et à l'avenir, l'opposition à l'état totalitaire communiste.

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Agrarian Policies in Communist and Post-Communist Romania: Interferences, Discontinuities and Consequences on the Social Development Level

Author(s): Cezar Avram,Roxana Radu,Mihaela BABIERU / Language(s): English / Issue: 37+38/2013

This research focuses to fulfill the following desiderata: describing the process of Romanian agriculture’s collectivization after the model of the Stalinist “kolhoz” and its consequences on social, political and moral level; identifying the difficulties faced by the Romanian agriculture after the fall of communism and after the accession to European Union; defining the main objectives and challenges of the agricultural policy in present Romania, confronted with the global economic crisis. Last but not least, the intention of this paper was to stimulate debate on a subject closely related to social development of Romania in the years after the fall of communism and the role played by the communist mentalities and heritage.

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Agrarian processing industry as a guarantor of food security in the region

Author(s): Olga Emelyanova,Oksana Mihaylova / Language(s): English / Issue: 11-12/2017

The article singles out various clusters of EU geopolitical subjects for food production. The research touches upon the ranking carried out on the basis of the share of processed goods in the structure of the EU, which makes it possible to assess the contribution to ensuring the food security of the members of the Union. Seven indicators of the production of processed goods in 2016 were selected for the current analysis. As a result, the authors of the article have identified and analysed geopolitical subjects that determine the stability of the EU agricultural production, namely the Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Ireland, Austria, Belgium, Finland, Romania, the Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Sweden and others. It has been noted that opportunities for industrial cooperation and development of coordinated policies on various areas of interaction are increasing within the framework of the associations.

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Agrarinių teritorijų planavimo teisiniai ir metodiniai aspektai

Author(s): Audrius Aleknavicius,Marius Aleknavicius / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 2/2017

Agricultural land protection and its improvement of use after a land reform are analyzed in this article. The main task of this research is to analyze legal acts which regulate the planning of land use and landscape management in rural territories and provide proposals for its improvement. Farming lands with fertile soils are an exceptional natural resource which needs to be saved and improved by limiting the conversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural use. Laws should define a compensation for the decreasing area of farming lands as defined for forest land conversion to other use. It is recommended to prepare land management planning documents where perspective boundaries of farms are formed and possibilities to increase farming land area by converting abandoned land or other land plots with fertile soil. Preparation of land management schemes should be connected with agricultural land purchase regulation and rural development land management projects should be linked with state support measures for farms development and protection of rural landscape.

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Agrarna politika evropske zajednice

Author(s): Vlatko Mileta / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1982

Agriculture in the European Economic Community is developing under the cloak of protectionism It can be even claimed that the agrarian protectionism practised by the European Community is the most perfect system of agricultural support ever encountered among the interventionist practices of capitalist states. The history of capitalist agriculture records three systems of interventionism the system of price supports, agricultural subridles and other facilities. EEC’s agricultural policy does not correspond fully to any of these systems, but is rather a combination of elements from all of them. It was conceived the basis of the experiences of national agricultural policies. and was subsequently evolved within the context of the overall trends in the community. The dissolution processes which appear in the relationship between national interests and global integration tendencies only prove that the present policy, too, contains certain weak points, and that their elimination requires an increasing presence of organized forms of action, on the one hand, and ever larger financial resources, on the other. Hence frequent dramatisations of specific problems of agrarian integration and the realisation that the agricultural question constitutes a fundamental issue of this European integration grouping.

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AGRARNA POLITIKA U REPUBLICI HRVATSKOJ NA PUTU OD POLJOPRIVREDNOGA DO ODRŽIVOGA RURALNOG RAZVITKA

Author(s): Zoran Grgic,Tito Žimbrek,Ramona Franic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 68/2003

In the paper we have started from the supposition that Croatian agricultural policy in its elements (policy objectives, measures and methods, stakeholders, results), has been transformed due to the impact of the world food market enlargement and economic globalization. Priorities, forms and dynamics of intervention have been changed, which was in the past decade enriched by a new dimension: the introduction of the concept of sustainable development of rural areas. The emphasis of the analysis is on the price and subsidy policy that makes up the skeleton of the agricultural policy during the entire analyzed period.

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Agrarna reforma po drugi svetovni vojni - značaj, učinki, posledice

Author(s): Zdenko Cepic / Language(s): Slovenian / Issue: 1-2/1992

The author outlines the nature and/or aims of the Yugoslav authorities’ agrarian reform at the end of World War II; the reform was the first of its political and economic measures, enacted as early as 1943. The prime aim of the agrarian reform was inherently political. The author briefly describes its effects in Slovenia, and eventually deals with the implications obvious primarily in the economic sphere, specifically in the structure of land holdings and the social structure.

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AGRARNO I SELJAČKO PITANJE U JUGOSLAVIJI S OSVRTOM NA MEĐURATNI I RATNI PERIOD 1945 - 1953.

Author(s): Vera Kržišnik-Bukic / Language(s): Serbian / Issue: 1(2)/1989

The agrarian and peasant issue includes social, economic, political, socio-psychological and cultural subject matter, whose meaning changes through historic evolution and differs from one particular country to another, but nevertheless primarily depends on the character of the political and economic structure of a given global society. The period discussed in this study is very short from a historical viewpoint, but considering the dynamics of events which took place in the world and in Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century, this is a period filled with numerous, important events and agrarian changes vital to the agrarian and peasant issue. It would be difficult to understand the changes which took place in agrarian affairs after World War II, without being acquainted with the pre-and post-War periods of this subject matter. The primary activity in the economy of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was farming. The two crucial problems of this branch of economy were peasants’ debts and the never satisfied „hunger” of the peasants for land. Hence, there was not a single political party whose program and political activity did not deal with the peasant and agrarian issues. The Yugoslav Communist Party could not avoid this problem either; during World War II it already found itself in a position to influence changes in agrarian affairs. The sporadic distribution of land to the peasants (based on the principle according to which land should be given to those who cultivate it) and collectivistic farm production on liberated and semi-liberated territories, were the first heralds of changes to come. After the War, the Party, in its creation of agrarian politics, gave economic moments secondary importance in respect to political ones. The two most important political and economic measures taken by the new State in 1945, were the agrarian reform and colonization, and, with them, the farmers' and peasants' cooperatives and the practice of buying up the entire agrarian output.

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AGRICULTURAL LAND IN YUGOSLAVIA

Author(s): Budimir Radenkovic / Language(s): English / Issue: 3/1971

A country’s agricultural potential, basic diet, food processing industries, and farm exports are all conditioned by the area, quality and location of agricultural land. Agricultural land in Yugoslavia was largely formed in the course of the last hundred years or so, i.e. in a period of intensive socio-political changes. These brought about large-scale demographic movements (a faster natural population increment and intensive inter-regional migration), a rise in the standard of living, and a growing “hunger” for land suitable for the production of food and industrial raw materials of agricultural origin. As a result, large areas of forests have been turned into arable land and much of the first-class but swampy soil in the Pannonian Basin reclaimed (drainage canals, etc.). These developments have been especially intensive in the last fifty years or so.

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Agricultural Potential of Polish Voivodships in the Context of Sustainable Development

Author(s): Iwona Forys,Joanna Cymerman / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

The paper focuses on the issue of the agricultural potential of Polish voivodships in the context of sustainable development. The overall objective is to measure the potential of individual voivodship markets in 2005 and 2015 and to identify those voivodships where the development potential is the biggest, based on the changes that took place over the decade between 2005 and 2015. The authors examined the agricultural potential of individual voivodships, concentrating not only on the agricultural land resources and quality, but also on the supporting infrastructure and socio-demographic factors in the environment of this property market segment. Detailed analyses covered 7 groups of diagnostic variables: geodesic areas, agricultural land, demographic variables, population incomes, agricultural production, ecology and infrastructure. The data came from the Central Statistical Office of Poland. The authors ranked the voivodships by means of a synthetic measure which took into account the groups of variables that characterized the phenomenon under study.

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AGRICULTURALRESOURCES ALLOCATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY

Author(s): BIONDO Alessio Emanuele,BONAVENTURA Luigi / Language(s): English / Issue: 10/2014

This paper shows the direct linkage existing between the environmental sustainability and the diffusion of organic agriculture. The reason is that the environmental impact of organic agriculture is different and somehow less polluting than industrial (let us say, traditional) one. Moreover, the former delivers also healthier food, according to part of the literature. Thus, seeking for sustainability, the policy-maker may find easier to influence the allocation of natural resources in favour of the organic cultivation as an instrument to care Nature. In order to claim this rationale, a model of resource allocation is presented and the golden rule derived. The paper finally shows that organic agriculture generates a global positive externality, which implicitly measures the relevance of the balancing intervention on resources allocation.

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Agriculture and the Twofold Relationship between Food Security and Climate Change. Evidence from Romania

Author(s): Nicolae Istudor,Raluca Andreea Ion,IRINA ELENA PETRESCU,Andrei Hrebenciuc / Language(s): English / Issue: 51/2019

Nowadays, agriculture is facing a special challenge – to produce more food for a growing population, while reducing greenhouse gas emissions caused by food production. This piece of research is focused on the impact of agriculture on climate change, starting from the assumption that agriculture is affected by climate variability, but also it contributes to it by emitting greenhouse gases, under the restriction of less per capita land. The paper analyses the connection between agricultural emissions and agricultural output, using a simple regression model, which includes variables corresponding to agricultural production and to greenhouse gas emissions. The results of the research highlight the fact that agricultural production has direct effects on greenhouse gas emissions and, thereby, on climate change. The relevance of the research consists in rising awareness of the emergency to integrate climate change in policies and actions related to food security at all levels. Moreover, the paper contributes to the enrichment of scientific literature, because it presents empirical evidence supporting the different effects of agricultural practices on the environment in Romania, with implications for climate change, a scientific direction that has been little studied in other papers.

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Agriculture as a Historical-Geographical Basis of Identity of the Russian People

Author(s): Yury Vladimirovich Filippov,Anna Alexandrovna FIRSOVA / Language(s): English / Publication Year: 0

This article provides a historical and cultural analysis of the phenomenon of identity formation of the Russian people on the basis of study of agriculture as a historical-geographical factor which had a significant influence on the processes taking place in the Russian plain at the appointed chronological period.

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Agriculture Financing – a Basic Premise for Ensuring Food Security in Kazakhstan

Author(s): Gulzada T. SHAKULIKOVA,Ainur S. BAIDALINOVA,Anargul UAKHITZHANOVA,Gaukhar B. BAIMULDINA,Elmira B. IKMATOVA / Language(s): English / Issue: 55/2018

The main idea of the article is to prove the dependence of agriculture on the amount of financing, as an important condition for achieving food security in Kazakhstan. The urgency of ensuring food security is confirmed by an active interest on the part of scholars, international organizations and the world statistics. To date, there are also issues related to food security in terms of nutrition and food availability in some countries. For Kazakhstan, to maintain food security is one of the strategic tasks. There was a gap in Kazakhstan in studying the impact of agricultural financing on the formation of food security, which determined the purpose of the study. The research was conducted on the existence of a relationship between the productivity of the agricultural sector, the volume of investment in fixed assets, and the farm production expenses. Structural analysis of the agro-industrial complex financing is given, which showed that the main amount of financing is carried out at the expense of own funds and the volume of state investments is less than own resources. The Global Food Security Index figures calculated for Russia, the country having common historical past and large territories, and for South Korea, a country developing an active innovative agricultural policy and having high rates of agricultural productivity in the presence of smaller territories were used to compare the food security of Kazakhstan. The conducted analysis made it possible to draw conclusions about the dependence of agriculture on financing. A recommendation has been formulated on the need to increase government funding for the village economy as the main condition for ensuring food security.

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Agriculture Growth after 30 Years of Renovation – Necessity for a New Thought on Rice Cultivated Land for Exports and Food Security

Author(s): Pham Quang Dieu / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

Over the past 30 years of renovation, Vietnam’s agriculture has grown sharply in the first phase, agro-product exports have brought about a substantial source of foreign currencies and the agricultural sector has become an important basis for the industrialization economy. However, the agricultural economic structure has been slowed down gradually and there have been signals of slowdown in both speed and growth sustainability, the quality of agricultural development has exposed more shortcomings regarding the structure, competitive capacity and product quality. Over the past 30 years, the rice sector has grown sharply in quantity and has become a pillar not only for the agriculture and rural sector, but also for the whole economy to be secured for the industrialization and integration. The growth in rice production has enabled Vietnam to become a rice export power. However, the perspective on sustaining a constant rice production to ensure the food security or bulk exports may have to pay a price regarding the more expensive opportunity cost when a large area of land needs to be used for rice production. The calculation on transferring a part of the land resource as well as an open policy on the rural land will create a new motivation for agriculture and rural development. Nonetheless, there must be strategic calculation on the emerging of food demand from China as well as unofficial trade forms (gray-trade forms) to work out effective policies and institutions.

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AGRICULTURE, 1961-1971 (IN YUGOSLAVIA)

Author(s): Džemal Drace / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/1972

There have been major fluctuations in postwar agricultural production. In the period 1947—1956, it was below the average level recorded in 1930—1939* showing, however, a slight upward trend. After 1956, thanks to the introduction of modern equipment and technology and the development of the socialist sector and cooperation with individual farmers, it began rapidly to increase, recording in 1956—1960 a growth rate of 4.5 per cent. This rate of growth was never attained in subsequent five-year periods.

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AGRICULTURE, WORK AND PRODUCTS: THE EFFECTS OF THE MARKET ON THE ECONOMICS OF AN AGRICULTURAL SETTLEMENT

Author(s): Árpád Töhötöm Szabó / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2013

In this article I discuss the role of the market on the different branches of the agriculture in a Transylvanian village analysing the complex forms of the market and market behaviour that exist in a peculiar rural settlement. The village once had a sort of regional centre role where families who earned a living from non-agricultural activities lived in high number but this role had faded with socialist modernisation, thus nowadays the main sector is the agriculture. Regarding the links between agricultural production and the market the article delimitates three behavioural patterns, namely self-sufficiency, partial market integration and dominant market integration (differentiating the locations where farmers place their products, too), arguing that in fact these patterns may be found many times in the same households and there are no clear forms of market behaviour. In concordance I argue also that self-sufficiency is not more than a scientific tool used in the description of traditional economies but it does not really exist, and self-sufficiency and market are not opposed, but on the contrary, they complement each other. Consequently the article tries to demonstrate that the peasant farming depends in many ways – both in its consumption and production – on the market and that the market effects in fact mean inequalities.

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Agrimarketing System Development within the Frame of the EAEU Development and the Model of its Improvement

Author(s): Dina RAZAKOVA / Language(s): English / Issue: 26/2017

This article is concerned with examination of the topical problems of agrimarketing system improvement and the formation of a new paradigm within the frame of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU)’s development. In the process of the study the theoretical basis of the agrimarketing system was analyzed in details and the marketing intricacies and peculiarities of agrifood businesses’ were defined. Special attention was paid to the distinguishing characteristics of agrimarketing in the EAEU, which were examined on the macro-, meso-, and micro levels. The model type of agricultural industrial policy (AIP) EAEU marketing system was suggested, its core and constituent composition was specified. Practical recommendations concerning the creation of the EAEU’s agrimarketing system were developed.

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Agritourism and local economic development in South Africa

Author(s): Christian Rogerson,Jayne M. Rogerson / Language(s): English / Issue: 26/2014

The role of tourism for local economic development (LED) is a topicof critical importance for geographers. In the case of South Africa tourismis a priority sector for national economic development. The significance of researchissues around tourism and LED is underlined by the ‘developmental’ mandateof local governments. Although tourism has received attention in a growingbody of LED writings on South Africa issues around agritourism so far have beenoverlooked. Agritourism represents an evolving form of rural tourism which istargeted at mainly urban consumers. Against the background of a review of internationalscholarship on agritourism this article explores its potential implicationsfor LED planning in South Africa. A national audit of agritourism is presentedwhich shows its uneven geographical distribution. Agritourism is of special significancefor small town economic development in South Africa’s intermediate tourismspaces. Policy suggestions are offered for strengthening agritourism as a driverfor LED in South Africa.

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