The Ethics of Elie Wiesel`s Storytelling as a New Theoretical Approach in Representing the Holocaust

Author(s): Alina Marincean / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Grounded on Giorgio Agamben's assertion that once the historical, technical and legal context of the Jewish genocide has been sufficiently clarified, we are facing a serious challenge when we really seek to understand it and becomes more thought-provoking when we try to represent it. The difference between what we know about the Holocaust and how this delicate issue should be represented is facing major challenges in the context of content abundance on both Holocaust classical analyses or contemporary digital formats.Contemporary society is facing ethical and emotional limitation regarding Holocaust representation. What is the right way to represent the Holocaust after eight decades since the Holocaust took place is one of the relevant questions that arises in this context? How to live, what to do, and how do the consequences of my actions affect society after the Holocaust experience,are some of the quests of Elie Wiesel’s life. The paper will highlight how his storytelling provides some guidelines for shaping a possible good way of representing the Holocaust and what are its resources. It will also illustrate what are the ethical components of his storytelling that constitute an example of ethical conduct and give some relevant suggestions on how to instrument them in order to place Holocaust representation on a progressive way of reflection.

Consideraţii asupra locului Basarabiei în peisajul sportiv al României interbelice

Author(s): Bogdan Popa / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Viaţa sportivă a Basarabiei interbelice surprinde relaţiile strânse dintre urbanizare şi industrializare, identitate şi exerciţiul fizic. De asemenea, absenţa (mai degrabă decât prezenţa) Basarabiei din cele mai importante evenimente sportive naţionale aduce în discuţie însuşi locul provinciei în peisajul interbelic a ceea ce ne place să o numim „România Mare”.

Episcopia Cetăţii Albe – Ismail în anii celui de‑al doilea război mondial

Author(s): George Enache / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Înfiinţată în la 10 martie 1923, ca parte integrantă a Bisericii Ortodoxe Române Autocefale, Episcopia Cetăţii Albe – Ismail a reprezentat, timp de mai bine de două decenii, un focar de credinţă ortodoxă care a iradiat într-un mediu multietnic, aflat la frontiera românismului, în preajma ameninţării bolşevice.

Limite ştiinţifice şi politice în problema identităţii moldovenilor

Author(s): Sergiu Matveev / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Odată cu încorporarea, în urma tratatului de pace ruso-turc din 1812, a teritoriilor româneşti dintre Prut şi Nistru, Rusia ţaristă a manifestat un interes deosebit pentru studierea specificului populaţiei locale. Motivaţia acestor cercetări, efectuate în bună parte de militari şi/sau agenţi ai serviciilor de securitate ruseşti, era înţelegerea realităţilor locale pentru a putea modela un discurs în care tema „eliberării creştinilor” de sub dominaţia turcă urma să joace un rol eminent. Astfel Rusia ţaristă căuta să-şi legitimeze noile acaparări teritoriale şi interesul imperialist pentru strâmtorile Mării Negre. Primele lucrări despre teritoriul numit de ruşi Basarabia, scrise de ofiţeri, au început să apară la Sankt Petersburg sub formă de dări de seamă, rapoarte etc. Despre atenţia acordată de guvernul rus acestor informaţii ne vorbeşte şi faptul că o bună parte din ele nu au mai ajuns să fie publicate, fiind păstrate pentru uz intern.

Winterův román ůistr Kampanus a některé jeho významové souvislosti

Author(s): Jiří Kudrnáč / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper is devoted to the historical novel Master Kampanus (publ. in book form in 1909) by the Czech writer and historian Zikmund Winter (1846–1912), and to its comparison with some similar Czech and foreign books, namely, Darkness by Alois Jirásek, Salammbô by Gustave Flaubert, The Egyptian by Mika Waltari and some recent Czech historical novels. Master Kampanus is one of the books of fiction that belong to the debates on the sense of Czech history. It is characterized by a close relation between the protagonist and his milieu, thematization of the conflict between the great and small history, tragicomism, and the rich use of irony.

„DEZVOLTAREA MULTILATERALĂ” ȘI „FORMAREA OMULUI NOU” ÎN ROMÂNIA SOCIALISTĂ

Author(s): Alina Ilinca,Liviu-Marius Bejenaru / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

"For someone to acquire skill and ability in a particular branch of activity, thus becoming a labor force" – said Karl Marx in Capital – "education is necessary", adding that the communist order will ensure favorable social conditions for the individual qualities of to every man not to be stifled, but to be revealed and developed through education. The expression "multilateral development", applied to both the individual and society, has become one of the most common in Marxist pedagogy or Marxist-inspired theory. The communication aims to present the "multilateral development" and "formation of the new man" during the regime of Nicolae Ceausescu, being composed of two parts. In the first part, the communication will deal with the Marxist-Leninist conception of multilateral education, which was necessary and possible in mass proportion only in the conditions of socialist and communist society. The second part will contain the conception of the Romanian Communist Party about the "multilaterally developed socialist society" and the "multilaterally developed personality" which was to be characterized by "creative spirit and the tendency towards self-improvement and self-improvement". The conclusions will aim at the fact that, in the case of communist regimes, "multilateral development" was only an ideological fiction, because, unlike the liberal regimes, in which education means emancipation and permanent creation, communist education was organized to ensure the strength of work distributed according to socialist planning, the regime emphasizing social and cultural homogenization, in order to create a "working class culture".

CONCEPȚII SOCIAL-POLITICE ALE ANTICHITĂȚII GRECEȘTI

Author(s): Ioan Scheau / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The present paper presents the main social and political concepts of Greek Antiquity: Democritus, Plato, Aristotle and Epicurus. Democritus analyzes three fundamental problems: - the role of politics: to achieve happiness for as many people as possible; - justice: the main virtue that citizens must cultivate; - form of government: democracy. Plato builds the model of an ideal society consisting of three social classes: - the philosopher (politician) – who must lead society; - the soldiers - who must defend the fortress; - citizens (producers of goods and services) - what must ensure the necessary for the functioning of the fortress. Aristotle thinks of the state as a higher court that must ensure the welfare of the citizens, and therefore politics becomes the most important practical science. Epicurus supports a view close to that of the social contract. Society is structured on the basis of a non-aggression agreement between people. This agreement (the law) legitimizes a higher structure (the State) to oversee the functioning of society.

THE FOUNTAIN AS A BIBLICAL SYMBOL IN THE CHIVALRY NOVEL YVAIN – THE KNIGHT WITH THE LION

Author(s): Nicolae Hurduzeu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Theological works were the prevailing literary works during the early Middle Ages. For western Europe at that time, the Catholic Church was the intellectual center of society and was, by far, the most productive source of literary works. The main purpose of these works was to increase the religious influence of the church on people and to guide the behavior of the audience. Literature was also used as a means of propaganda for the values and deeds of a king or a people, as was the case with the chansons de geste. Many medieval literary works, from the chanson de geste and finishing to the chivalry novel, have a high theological symbolism and many details of the text may be used as a support for various reading methods. The central figure of the chivalry novel emphasized was the knight-errant, bringing forth a new set of virtues, different from the warrior’s heroism and fidelity towards the senior. The knight–errant was always on the quest to punish injustice, help the poor, and serve God and one lady of his heart. Spite all obstacles, the real quest of the knight-errant was spiritual perfection. His journey was full of fictional adventures set in the medieval west. Exile and madness, decay and redemption, as well as a perpetual journey are specific features of mythical characters revived in the medieval characters. The novel Yvain- the Knight with the Lion of Chretien de Troyes is full of biblical symbols. The present article aims to emphasize the biblical symbolism of the fountain, considered the source of new perspectives, of a new destiny, as well as a passage towards a new stage in the life of Yvain.

The Battle of Kyiv – Aspects Regarding the Conduct of Military Operations at the Tactical Level

Author(s): Claudiu Valer NISTORESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The military operations conducted on the territory of Ukraine during the conflict started by the Russian Federation on 24 February 2022 show that the chances for large-scale combat operations in Europe have significantly increased. Consequently, the way those operations are carried out must be carefully reconsidered. Adapting to the requirements of the modern battlefield requires rapid multi-domain integration of new technologies and modern weapons systems. Therefore, doctrinal changes are required. There is no doubt that the Battle of Kyiv is a valuable source of information for military leaders, regarding the conduct of military operations at each level. Therefore, a pertinent analysis in relation to the factors that have contributed to the battle’s outcome could be very helpful. The main objective of the analysis is to highlight lessons on the topic of planning and carrying out military operations at the tactical level. It emphasises both the determining factors for the failure of the Russian offensive and the features that gave the Ukrainian forces the upper hand, ensuring the successful defence operation. The research methodology is based on the qualitative evaluation of the available information, to enable an assessment of the battle from the combat functions perspective with the aim to identify possible gaps in Westernarmies’ way to carry out combat operations.

Geopolitical Configurations on the Ponto-Baltic Isthmus in the Context of the Aggression in Ukraine

Author(s): Andreea-Amalia STANICA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Starting the study from the theory of the Heartland, drawn up by Halford John Mackinder, according to which who rules Eastern Europe rules the world, we identify the geopolitical importance of the Ponto-Baltic isthmus. The region imaginarily bordered to the North by the Baltic Sea and to the South by the Black Sea has been a hotspot throughout history. Thus, the strategic importance of the Ponto-Baltic isthmus and the conflicting interests in the region are the current reasons for the confrontation between the Russian Federation and the West. The illegal aggression of the Russian state in Kyiv confirms the hypothesis that Moscow is the main threat to the security and territorial integrity of the states of the Ponto-Baltic region. In this respect, to become aware of the regional geopolitical realities, in the first part of the research both the geographical coordinates of the Ponto-Baltic isthmus and the historical coordinates stated at the national level will be outlined, in keeping with the writings of scholars such as Simion Mehedinți and Nicolae Iorga. Afterwards, the strategy of the Russian Federation in the region will be analysed, in relation to the permanent fuelling of conflicts on the territory of states that pursue their Euro-Atlanticvision. Romania’s role in the Ponto-Baltic region will also be identified, through its status of a regional pivot and a relevant actor in the process of consolidating NATO’s eastern flank. The research will be the result of the cross-use of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, for an in-depth approach to the subject under study.

The Soviet Black Sea Fleet (1943) – Organisation, Dispersal, Command –

Author(s): Alin Spânu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In 1943, the Soviet fleet in the Black Sea was clearly superior to its opponents (Germans, Italians, Romanians, Bulgarians), but there were no major naval confrontations in this theatre of war. In most confrontations, starting in 1941, the Soviet naval forces suffered losses and were forced to retreat. The Romanian intelligence services had data on the organisation of the Soviet fleet, the dispersal, the commanders, the naval constructions and the ways of action. At the end of 1943, when the Red Army was on the offensive and had begun the landing in Crimea, the Romanian-German naval forces started an operation to supply the defenders, and later, in 1944, an evacuation of their own troops. Despite the vulnerabilities, the Soviet fleet did not attack decisively, so the withdrawal by sea was relatively organised and saved more than 120,000 soldiers and civilians.

Church and Change with a Special Focus on the Romanian Institutional Ecclesiology

Author(s): Dan Sandu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Pre present context views the Church as a construct of human mind, promoting religiosity and a certain ritual (mostly needed by the people with no reference to a living God) whose main role is to provide social services in a given society, or, in a more plastic exposure, "the club of Christ". And this is in general accurate given that she passed through history making use of the same means and instruments of any human organisation. Her transcendent dimension was entrusted to the mystical minds and liturgists who defined her as a boat of salvation and the foretasting of the Kingdom. Is such an institution subject to change? If yes, what can be changed and when, in what extent and for what length? The study aims at a few attempts to accept change as a form of subsistence. The faithful have their own expectations from the main Church, the experiences of the Romanian Church members abroad bring new challenges facing this conservative institution. One cannot speak of real change, but rather an adaptation to the new context where the mythical approach of religion leaves more room for the rational approach and even to the pluralistic one. This is presented as the normal evolution of the future religion which expects to be more spiritual than institutional, in line with the new discoveries of neuroscience, evolution and hard sciences, towards an integral (even super-integral) approach.

Evaluating the legal impact of EU economic sanctions on Russia from an EU business perspective

Author(s): Kieran Robert Spencer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In response to the 2022 escalation of Russia’s invasion into Ukraine, the European Union has implemented unprecedented sanctions targeting the Russian state, individuals supporting the war effort, and the Russian economy generally. These sanctions are unique in the history of the European Union, not only because of their political context but also because of their breadth and the novel legal instruments used. This paper will explore how these distinctive features might impact businesses working within the European Union.

Babai cel Mare și sistematizarea doctrinei hristologice în Biserica Siro-Orientală (sec. VI-VII)

Author(s): Justinian Mîndrilă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The Church of the East, or the Holy Apostolic Catholic Assyrian Church of the East, as it is officially called, was known for a long time in the Church History books of the Eastern Orthodox Christianity as well as of all Western Churches as the „Nestorian” Church. The reason that stays behind this label – and thus behind the schism between the Church of the East and the Church within the Roman Empire was represented by the different views regarding the Christological doctrine. Since this remains until today the bone of contention between these churches it is needed to have a precise knowledge of the East-Syriac Christology. As the systematizer of this teaching in the Church of the East, the study of Babai the Great’s theology is a suitable starting point for this purpose. Until present times, the interest for his writings and teachings in the Romanian theology was quite low, if at all. Therefore, the present study aims to contribute to the knowledge and understanding of the Christology promoted by Babai the Great and the Church of the East, by providing the context of its formulation, and explaining and evaluating his main theological concepts based on Babai’s writings, considering the latest research on this topic.

Biserica Ortodoxă Rusă în spațiul baltic între anii 1836-1848

Author(s): Andrei Gaju / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In the first half of the 18th century Russia enlarged its borders and became an empire stretching from the steppes of Central Asia to the Baltic Sea. As a result, along with the territories and different ethnic groups, the religious traditions of these countries are incorporated into the Russian Empire. By extending its borders to the North-West, the Russian Empire is subjugating several peoples who traditionally profess Protestantism. Like any empire, Russia tries to merge the annexed peoples and territories by building a single state with a single political centre. Thus, in the mid-19th century, the political issue was not only the Russification of these peoples, but also their conversion to the majority confession of the empire - Orthodoxy. Therefore, this paper aims to give a brief historical account of the events of 1836-1848, when a massive process of accession to the Russian Orthodox Church of the Protestant population of the Baltic region took place.

Dezvoltarea curentului isihast prin lucrarea misionară pan-ortodoxă din secolul al XVIII-lea. Sfântului Nicodim Aghioritul, continuator al lucrării misionare inițiate de Sfântul Paisie Velicicovschi

Author(s): Vasile-Lucian Goldan / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Nicholas, the future monk Nicodemus, arrives in the Holy Mount Athos at the moment of the public conviction of “alms”. A situation not exactly favorable for prayer and meditation, given the fact that at that time more and more monks were leaving Athos due to the dispute of the "alms". Despite all these shortcomings, Saint Nicodemus is the one who, together with Saint Metropolitan Macarius of Corinth, manages to start a cultural-religious project, focused on the rediscovery of Orthodox church spirituality, on the spiritual and national rebirth of the Greeks. His work was recognized and appreciated during his life, in Athos, in the pan-Orthodox and in the Western space, but he was also valued by the entire Greek people after the 1921 revolution, being the basis of national and spiritual emancipation of the Greeks.

Ханако: една кабуки актриса из България и Трансилвания в началото на XX в.

Author(s): Andronika Martonova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

For the first time, this study analyses and export to the academic community the rare documents and archival materials proving that the Japanese Kabuki theatre actress Hanako realised a tour in Kingdom of Bulgaria and Transylvania (Austro-Hungarian Empire) in 1911. Referring to the information from Sawada Suketaro‘s book “Little Hanako. The Strange Story of Rodin’s Only Japanese Model” the research paper tracks down and focuses on the contracts, advertisements and the critical reception who introduced unknown aspects of Japanese culture to the territory of mentioned countries from present Eastern Europe. Hanako’s presence is also set in a broad European and research context because she had an important influence on the development of Western stage practices.For the first time, this study analyses and export to the academic community the rare documents and archival materials proving that the Japanese Kabuki theatre actress Hanako realised a tour in Kingdom of Bulgaria and Transylvania (Austro-Hungarian Empire) in 1911. Referring to the information from Sawada Suketaro‘s book “Little Hanako. The Strange Story of Rodin’s Only Japanese Model” the research paper tracks down and focuses on the contracts, advertisements and the critical reception who introduced unknown aspects of Japanese culture to the territory of mentioned countries from present Eastern Europe. Hanako’s presence is also set in a broad European and research context because she had an important influence on the development of Western stage practices.

Характеристики и особености на Танската култура

Author(s): Iskra Mandova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present paper discusses and analyzes some cultural phenomena of the Tang period in China, which is the era of unprecedented prosperity in Chinese history: literature (especially poetry), historiography, philosophy, art, science and technology reached unheard and unseen peaks. Political unity, social stability, economic prosperity, transport development and active international relations played the role of a catalyst in the process of quick development. It is a fact that other dynasties in Chinese history provided good social and economic conditions for the people as well but it is difficult to explain why they failed to make such brilliant achievements in the field of culture as Tang, when the innovative and creative potential of the nation managed to unleash.The present paper discusses and analyzes some cultural phenomena of the Tang period in China, which is the era of unprecedented prosperity in Chinese history: literature (especially poetry), historiography, philosophy, art, science and technology reached unheard and unseen peaks. Political unity, social stability, economic prosperity, transport development and active international relations played the role of a catalyst in the process of quick development. It is a fact that other dynasties in Chinese history provided good social and economic conditions for the people as well but it is difficult to explain why they failed to make such brilliant achievements in the field of culture as Tang, when the innovative and creative potential of the nation managed to unleash.

Образът на едно съсловие в съзнанието на един народ – предпоставки за формиране

Author(s): Polina Tsoncheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Stereotypes that are formed in a society in terms of phenomena, conditions and processes are persistent and difficult to destroy. The reasons for their presence are complex. A basic explanation in this direction is offered by Yul. Popova, who reminds the character of stereotypes as a categorizing mechanism of human perception and leads to economy of effort that is being achieved through them (Popova 2015). The millennial consecutive evolution of Chinese nation favors the accumulation of cultural layers from different historical periods and determines the existence of a number of secondary images that mediate the relationship (Vassileva 2018) of its representatives with reality. This paper aims to present and suggest possible explanations of the negative associations accumulated within Chinese society for centuries towards the Eunuchs’ stratum.Stereotypes that are formed in a society in terms of phenomena, conditions and processes are persistent and difficult to destroy. The reasons for their presence are complex. A basic explanation in this direction is offered by Yul. Popova, who reminds the character of stereotypes as a categorizing mechanism of human perception and leads to economy of effort that is being achieved through them (Popova 2015). The millennial consecutive evolution of Chinese nation favors the accumulation of cultural layers from different historical periods and determines the existence of a number of secondary images that mediate the relationship (Vassileva 2018) of its representatives with reality. This paper aims to present and suggest possible explanations of the negative associations accumulated within Chinese society for centuries towards the Eunuchs’ stratum.

Самоутешение ли е „Утешение към Плибий“ от Сенека? Коментар върху жанровата принадлежност на текста

Author(s): Aleksandra Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian,German Publication Year: 0