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4.50 €

Zmaganie z „syndromem wygnania”. O "Unsere" Jana Darowskiego

Author(s): Agnieszka Nęcka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article reminds us of Jan Darowski, a writer almost unknown in Poland until recently. The author pays special attention to his autobiographic novel entitled "Unsere", that was published as late as in 2012 and constitutes a unique record of an experience of a war man who grew up in Silesia on the Polish-German borderline, was conscripted to Wehrmacht during war, and, subsequently, escaped to the ally army in order to fight with Germans. Writings having an auto-therapeutic overtone allowed him to search himself and his place in the world. A battle with the “syndrome of exile” was connected with the need to give evidence on the past and people who created it. The past, influencing the present made “I” from the past overlap with “I” from the present. As a result, the character from "Unsere" is a hostage of his own memories. Searching himself is also the need to be a part of the group. Thanks to it, what is personal and individual permeated and supplemented what is collective. What is deposited remained in a privatememory was connected with what was located in the culture, giving fundaments of his own identity.

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ALTERNATIVE NATIONAL DEFENCE AND SECURITY STRUCTURES DURING THE COLD WAR PERIOD. CASE STUDY – ROMANIA AND THE BALKANS

Author(s): Diana Cristiana Lupu,Gligor Vaidean / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the alternative national defence and security structures,be they considered public security organisations, official governmental paramilitary structures or militias, existing in some countries during the Cold War period, focusing on the situation in Romania and the Balkans. The presentation is contextualised, taking into account the tensions between the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and the Western Bloc (the United States of America and its allies), divided along ideological lines after the end of the World War II, the existence of the two main political-military alliances(the Warsaw Pact and NATO), as well as the main crises and phases in the Cold War, in general, and in the Warsaw Pact, in particular. In the mentioned context, in some countries,certain structures other than the regular military were established to provide additional defence in the event of outside attack, the emergence, organisation and role of the ones related to the Eastern Bloc, especially those in Romania and the Balkans, being presented in the paper.

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Urszula Augustyniak – historyk z bezimiennej generacji

Author(s): Maciej Ptaszyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.

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Mit solcher zierd, solenithet unnd triumpff, davon lang zuschreiben were1. Sprawozdanie ze ślubu i koronacji Bony Sforzy w Krakowie w 1518 roku

Author(s): Almut Bues / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.

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Wyobrażenia powtarzalności i cykliczności ustrojów a tyrania wielogłowa. Postrzeganie „tyranii krzyżackiej” w kulturze politycznej Prus Królewskich i Książęcych

Author(s): Igor Kąkolewski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.

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Cenne, ale niełatwe w interpretacji, czyli kilka starych i kilka nowych uwag o informacjach przekazywanych do Rzymu przez nuncjuszy apostolskich

Author(s): Wojciech Tygielski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.

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Zmiana sytuacji politycznej na Litwie w początku 1666 roku

Author(s): Andrzej Rachuba / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.

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Stanisław Isaykowski i jego testament spisany przed kampanią turecką 1684 roku

Author(s): Mirosław Nagielski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.

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Ювелирные изделия эпохи Волжской Болгарии из фондов Самарского областного историко-краеведческого музея им. П. В. Алабина

Author(s): Anna F. Kochkina,Dmitriy A. Stashenkov / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In the funds of the Samara Museum for History and Regional Studies named after P. V. Alabin there is a small collection of jewelry made of precious metals by the Volga Bulgarians of the 12th — early 13th century. The article describes items from this collection that originate from the sites of Volga Bulgaria in the Samara region. The range of jewelry products in Volga Bulgaria includes a variety of personal jewelry. A special place is occupied by items from the Zhiguli hoard, discovered on the Samara Luka and representing an outstanding example of Bulgarian jewelry art of the pre-Mongol period. These artifacts are evidence not only of the high level of development of the Volga Bulgarians’ metalworking craft, but also indicators of the level of artistic representations of society as a whole within the cultural traditions of the Muslim East.

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Горны на курганах (открытие средневекового металлургического квартала в Пскове при раскопках 2016—2019 гг.)

Author(s): Elena V. Salmina,Sergey A. Salmin / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

The rescue archaeological excavations, held on the territory of the former thermal electric power plant in Pskov prior to its renovation, revealed a medieval “metallurgy quarters” which existed on this territory in the 13th—16th centuries beyond the fortification walls. The manufacturing center occurred on the site of the burial grounds of the 10th — first half of the 11th cc. thus having destroyed many burial mounds. It is indicative that the raw materials used by the local metallurgists contained a significant amount of fragmented and deformed jewelry, some of which may have highly likely come from the destroyed burials. To date, no clusters of industrial complexes that occupied such an area in the absence of residential development have been found on the territory of Medieval Pskov. The discovery of such a production quarter in Pskov allows us to revise both the history of urban development and the organization of production processes in one of the largest urban centers of North-Western Russia.

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Jewellery Consumption in Wallachia and Moldova, 17th—18th centuries

Author(s): Florentina Niţu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The study explores the evolution of jewellery consumption in Wallachia and Moldova, during the 17th—18th centuries, from the perspective of the luxury consumption at the level of the elite. The documents that were analysed highlight a transition from oriental luxury, introduced through Phanariot rulers to Western luxury, directly inspired by contact with travellers or foreign officers and ambassadors passing through the Principalities, but also indirectly through fashion magazines. On the other hand, we can see that jewellery is closely related to fashion and follows the trends and consumer options in connection to it. They mark the social or political position, but also the cultural values adopted by the elite, which are expressed through in fashion choices. There are jewels that are neutral in terms of western or oriental influence, just as belt clasp (paftale) are directly related to the oriental costume. After the middle of the eighteenth century, we notice a mutation in the dowry sheets regarding the relationship between jewellery and clothing, in favour of the latter; the typology of jewellery is limited, but we find valuable jewellery, adorned with diamonds or diamonds and, also, the number of some of the pieces increases (rings, for example).

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Запознаване, усвояване и предаване на фолклорното знание в училищния проект "Аспарухово - бъдеще за фолклорния свят"

Author(s): Zornitsa Prandzheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This research examines one unusual perspective towards the preservation of the cultural heritage through the Bulgarian educational system. It traces the possible mechanisms for inheritance and identification, that relate to the opportunity given to the children to get to know their roots (through fieldwork expeditions), to preserve the knowledge of their own ethnic community (and to become its heralds) and to pass it on to their coevals. The article examines the fact whether it is possible to give an opportunity to familiarise the children with their ethnicity, to preserve their knowledge of it and become heralds of the folklore knowledge, through projects in the realm of education. This research presents one practical attempt in the village of Asparuhovo, to find the answer of the above question. It reviews how the folklore is present in the "Asparuhovo - Future of the Folklore World" school project, what environment it creates, what it means for the participants and how important is it in the educational process. It defends the proposition, that after taking part in it the students change their understanding of the ethnic knowledge and have a basis for a different type of identification.

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Equids in Late Byzantine Hagiographies

Author(s): Alexia-Foteini Stamouli / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Data of late Byzantine hagiographical texts on equids are analyzed and compared with those of the middle period, revealing a complexity of relationships. For example, in hagiographies of both periods, saints often refuse to ride on horseback. Information about horses as a means of transport is rarer in the late hagiographies, but there are more testimonies of horses being used during wars. References to hippodromes or to people descending from horses to pray are rarer in the late period as well. In both periods, the horse appears as a punisher or as an instrument of divine punishment. Descriptions of persecution (and martyrdom) refer to equids, for example when saints were tortured by being drawn by equids. Τhe references to equids used for water transport are of particular interest. Finally, there is resemblance in the use of similes, metaphors, and proverbs involving horses in both periods. In conclusion, the importance of equids remains as great in the late hagiographies as in those composed in the middle period.

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Hishām ibn al-Kalbi’s Kitāb al-Khayl

Author(s): Hylke Hettema / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter explores the content of the premodern Arabic document Kitāb al-Khayl and the modes of transmission which resulted in it being frequently referenced in popular narratives of the history of the Arab horse. Contextualising the work shows that it is part of early Islamic reimagining of the past in order to create a history for emerging Arab identity during the early Islamic period. Contrary to the modern idea that this work represents the first Arab horse stud-book, the “Book of Horses” by Hisham ibn al-Kalbi (d.ca. 819 CE) cannot be viewed as evi-dence of an ancient breeding tradition among the Arabs.

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Horse Burials among the Lombards and Avars

Author(s): Annamaria Fedele / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In Lombard cemeteries there are numerous burial pits containing horses, confirming that this animal was the sacrificial victim par excellence among Germanic and Nomadic cultures in the Early Middle Ages. The majority of horse burials found in Italy shows similar deposition methods to some discovered in the cemeteries of Central and Eastern Europe, which belong to both Lombards and other Germanic peoples. This permits tracing of the main characteristics of the Germanic funerary custom, and its differentiation from another ritual recognised in the Italian cemetery of Campochiaro (Southern Italy, Molise), where horses were buried in a manner similar to that observed among the Avars, a nomadic population who settled in the Carpathian Basin in the last decades of the 6th century AD. This paper describes the main archaeological discoveries in Italy, with the aim of clarifying the distinctions between the two cultural heritages identified there, and providing some explanations thereof.

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Responsible Midwifery or Reckless Disbelief?

Author(s): Mark Mattison / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The most disquieting pericope in The Protevangelium Jacobi is Salome’s violation of Mary to confirm her virginity. This essay considers whether Salome could have originally been depicted as a well-meaning midwife performing a postpartum physical examination. There are obstacles to this reading. Most challenging is Salome’s declaration to a midwife in 19:3: “unless I insert my finger and examine her condition, I won’t believe that a virgin has given birth.” An early editor could have subverted this narrative by incorporating this allusion to John 20:25, transforming Salome from a responsible midwife into a convenient literary foil to a virgin birth.

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Introduction to Mary as High Priest in Early Christian Narratives and Iconography

Author(s): Ally Kateusz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Recent studies have demonstrated that from Late Antiquity up through the early modern era, some artists portrayed Jesus’s mother Mary as a priest, including depicting her with insignia such as the Eucharistic handkerchief and the episcopal pallium. In fact, surviving art indicates that Mary was portrayed with liturgical insignia as early, or earlier, than any male leader. Contextualizing why artists portrayed Mary in this fashion, even earlier some gospel writers had paralleled Mary and Abraham as the cultic founders of their religion, and other authors represented Mary as the high priest or bishop of bishops. Censorship, both ancient and modern, appears to explain why Mary is rarely remembered this way today.

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Prayer and Incantation on Early Christian Amulets

Author(s): Joseph E. Sanzo / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter examines the manifold ways late antique Christian practitioners (ca. third-seventh centuries) negotiated the boundaries between Christian prayers and traditional amuletic practices. I supplement recent research, which has usefully demonstrated the overlapping characteristics of prayers and incantations, by focusing on the semantic range and principal traits of the term euchê (and its cognates) when it is present on Greek and Coptic amulets and ritual handbooks. The analysis is further augmented by a discussion of how some practitioners diminished or highlighted the material properties of prayers in their apotropaic and curative rituals.

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THE ONTOLOGICAL LEVELS OF SCIENTIFIC THEORIES AND TECHNICAL, ETHICAL AND EDUCATIONAL PROGRESS

Author(s): Giuseppe Boscarino / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

What I discuss in my paper is the following: Does science deal only with facts? Does ethics deal only with values? It is shown as, in the science progressive working, what is, what has to be, what can be, and what ought to be are interconnected. The rationalistic and humanistic tradition about the way to make science and to teach it can establish a modern progressive education.

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Antemurale Christianitatis hrvatske usmene književnosti: graničarski mentalitet Dalmacije kroz usmenu epsku pjesmu i kulturalno pamćenje o hrvatsko-osmanskim ratovima

Author(s): Vanda Babić,Denis Vekić / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the motives of cultural memory which were recorded in the oral epic poems and in the tradition in Dalmatia (the Neretva Valley and Boka kotorska). The territory of Dalmatia bordered with the Ottoman Empire at the time of the Croatian-Ottoman wars, thus the oral literature of this area produced oral epic poem as a reflection of forced war and fateful contacts. Living on the frontier of Christianity and Islam has brought up a special frontier mentality which can be traced in modernity, not only through the preservation of the heritage festivities, but also through collective memory which defines the importance of the survival of everything that is geologically and culturally on margin with the threatening “other”.

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