Развитие на организацията на спешната медицинска помощ в България - предизвикателство пред здравеопазната система

Author(s): Iliya Katrandzhiev,Boryana Naydenova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

В началото на 70-те години спешните медицински случаи се превърнаха в политически проблем в цяла Европа. Понятието за спешна медицинска помощ обаче има по-стара история, в пресечната точка на историята на медицинските техники, лечението на пациентите и социалното възприемане на рисковете за здравето. Понятието спешна медицинска помощ наистина се появява като категория за действие на публичните власти през двадесети век благодарение на медицинските и научни иновации, както и на утвърждаването на социалната държава. Идеята за спешна медицинска помощ в болницата беше резултат от политически избори; болницата беше мястото на скрининг, подбор и установяване на йерархия за случаите в зависимост от тяхната сериозност и често представляваше последния етап от процеса на грижа, включващ различни участници с допълващи се, а понякога и конкуриращи се умения. Целта на настоящата публикация е да се направи преглед на развитието на организацията на спешната медицинска помощ в страните от европейския регион.In the early 1970s, medical emergencies became a political problem throughout Europe. However, the concept of medical emergencies has an older history, at the intersection of the history of medical techniques, patient treatment and social perception of health risks. Indeed, the concept of emergency medical care emerged as a category for public action in the twentieth century thanks to medical and scientific innovation, as well as the consolidation of the welfare state. The idea of emergency medical care in the hospital was the result of political choices; the hospital was the site of screening, selection, and the establishment of a hierarchy for cases depending on their severity, and it often represented the last stage of a care process involving different actors with complementary and sometimes competing skills. The aim of this publication is to review the development of the organisation of emergency care in the countries of the European region

Obóz jeńców sowieckich w Poniatowej – Stalag 359, listopad 1941 – 27 luty 1942

Author(s): Artur Podgórski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2017

The text has been written basing on archive materials mostly from German archives (Central Office of the State Justice Administrations for the Investigation of National Socialist Crimes in Ludwigsburg), although references are made also to the works of local history enthusiasts. It brings up the issues connected with the creation and functioning of the POW camp Stalag 359 from November 1941 to 27th of February 1942 in Poniatowa (Lublin voivodeship), located in the buildings of the branch office of Warsaw Teleand Radiotechnical Plants, constructed as a part of the Central Industrial District. It describes the phases of the camp’s dependence within the military organization of General Government area (Oberkommando der Wehrmacht, Kriegsgefangenen Bundeskommando V, Oberfeldkommandantur 379). It briefly outlines the most important figures (imprisoned soldiers holding work posts) as well as military units (Landesschützenbataillon 709 and 629) guarding the area of the camp. It also makes notes on the conditions in the camp. Moreover, it addresses the behavior of the local community.

ABORDAREA SISTEMICĂ A CORUPȚIEI ÎN PRIMII ANI AI REGIMULUI CEAUȘESCU – INSTITUȚII, NORME ȘI MĂSURI (1965-1968)

Author(s): Cosmin Popa / Language(s): Romanian Issue: V seria 3/2023

The anti-corruption and bribery policy was an important concern of the new Romanian leader of the PCR. Being in a moment of maximum contact with society, the regime relied on a systemic approach to the problem, focusing in the first years on attempts to fight corruption by introducing legislative provisions and norms, intended to regulate fields and relationships considered by regime susceptible to developing various forms of corruption. The administrative reform of 1968, in addition to the fact that it was intended to connect directly the local authorities to the superior party decision, it was also a salient attempt to destruct the informal networks from the local level and to promote a new generation of party leaders.

Representations of the Danube in Queen Marie’s Writings

Author(s): Cristina Ungureanu / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Social geography is attached to territory and emerges from social relations and links that people weave with places. A geographical reading of literary works allows us to discover and outline representational strategies for a regional space. It is in this sense that this paper proposes to focus on the representations of the Danube River that Queen Marie of Romania revealed in her writings. Marie, like many other cartographers and scholars, was attracted by the Danube region, and, in her books, the Danube had a specific place. She evoked all her wanderings from plain to mountain, from hill to sea, leading us down to the banks of the Danube (with all its canals and lakes) and to the sea. We followed the itineraries of everyday life, both social and spatial, that the queen traced according to her position in society, her cultural model and imagination. It was a means, among others, of deepening the phenomena of identity (Bratosin 2007: 79) and her works are very rich in this sense, since they give us examples of values associated with these places. At this point, important aspects related to identity will be explored. Phoenix (2010: 298) suggests that “identities are socially constructed, multiple, potentially contradictory and situationally variable”. Identities are, in this sense, processes of becoming rather than of being (Hall 2006). Specific lexical and functional items are used for this purpose, both consciously and unconsciously (Lotte Dam 2015: 31). This paper tries to illustrate how personal pronouns, possessive determiners and pronouns and different adjectives, verbs or structures contribute to the construction of attached identities, all in connection with the way the Queen described the Danube River.

The Specific Characteristics of the Creativity of Alexander Chekmenev in the Concept of the Development of Social Documentary as a Significant Part of Contemporary Ukrainian Art Photography

Author(s): Anna Safronova,Camil Mihăescu,Valeriy Safronov,Olena Safronova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Social documentary photography is one of the key genres that Ukrainian artists use for creating a series of works presented in the form of a photo book or as an independent project. Among the most prominent representatives of this direction, Alexander Chekmenev and the members of Kharkov School of Photography (Boris Mikhailov, Evgeny Pavlov, Mikhail Pedan, etc.) should be singled out. It is notable that despite the fact that their works have common issues, the similar choice of the method and general stylistics, there are a number of significant differences. With the transfer of individual facial features, Aleksander Chekmenov seeks to reveal the psychology of the person being portrayed and elevate a person in the eyes of others, while representatives of the Kharkov school of photography use sharp, satirical language with the active inclusion of various manipulations of the image. On the basis of the art history analysis of a number of well – known projects by Alexander Chekmenev, certain regularities in the strategy of creating a social documentary project in his works have been identified.

In Search of Rosie Ney: A Life Reflected Through the Lives of Others

Author(s): Rastislav Rusnák / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This study examines a brief period in the lives of four artists: František Foltýn and Gejza Schiller, two of the most renowned figures in the Košice Modernist movement, the author Béla Illés, and the main character, the photographer Rosie Ney. Several sources have suggested that the paths of these four individuals crossed in Košice in 1921. The study does not intend to present their lives or work in their full complexity but aims instead to clarify some ambiguities over their fates in the early 1920s. The primary focus of the article is to address the persisting uncertainty over the nature of the relationships between the four individuals and their movements between 1919 and 1923. The research collates and analyses a wide range of fragmented evidence of varying degrees of reliability in an effort to identify possible connections between the lives of the four artists and thereby raise the discussion of the issue to a new level. On the more settled question of the marriage of Rosie Ney and Béla Illés, the study also attempts to identify Rózsi Földy, alias Rosie Ney, within Illés’s autobiographical novel Ég a Tisza and to clarify the timeframe of their marriage and various aspects which can shed light on subsequent events. The key topic is the unresolved question of the relationship between Rosie Ney and František Foltýn. By outlining the sequence of events in the lives of the two artists in the early 1920s, the study offers a new perspective and some interesting findings regarding the nature of their relationship.

The Catholic Church and Jews in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia

Author(s): Stanislava Vodičková / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This study elaborates on relations between the Czech Catholic Church and the Jews in 1938–1942. Against the background of global Church history, it focuses on various standpoints and forms of aid shown to the Jews and Jewish converts especially during the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It also explores the manifestations of anti-Semitism in the Church. Using specific examples, it describes cooperation between the clergy and laymen in the salvation of Jews and Jewish converts, ranging from various interventions on the part of Catholic Church representatives and the issue of false and backdated baptism certificates to the assistance given by the St. Raphael Association, an international Catholic association, in helping them to move to safe countries.

Contested Paternity: Seeking Reprieve from Anti-Jewish Persecution in the Nazi Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia

Author(s): Tatjana Lichtenstein / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This article examines how Jews and their families sought reprieve from persecution by contesting their own or their children’s paternity in the Nazi Protectorate. The study’s three cases concern people, defined as “non-Aryan”, meaning Jewish or part-Jewish, according to Nazi racial laws, who pursued formal, legal challenges to their own or their children’s racial status. While the Czech and German civil courts resolved some cases quickly, others dragged on for years. Most importantly, “pending” cases delayed deportation for the individuals whose status was in question. Using a micro-historical lens on the legal process, this article shows how the persecuted exercised agency and how local non-Jews assisted or hampered their struggle to mitigate persecution and escape deportation.

The “Jewish Department” of the Police Headquarters in Prague and its Role in the “Solution to the Jewish Question” in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia

Author(s): Jan Dvořák / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This study focuses on the activities of a special department at the Police Headquarters Prague (PHP), later an independent commissariat, which was responsible for “Jewish” affairs between 1939 and 1945. It describes the circumstances surrounding the establishment of this department, as well as its staffing, activities, and the powers of specific officials with regard to the development of anti-Jewish policy in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. On the basis of several concrete cases of anti-Jewish persecution, it details the methods used by this department and by its individual officials. Attention is also paid to the department’s specific procedures that were developed in co-operation with the various departments of the Prague Gestapo. It also reflects on the fates of specific officials from the PHP’s “Jewish department” after the end of the war, focusing on the manner and extent of their punishment by the post-war Czechoslovak judiciary.

South Caucasus’ Unresolved Past and the Nagorno-Karabach Juncture

Author(s): Nina Dyulgerova,Boris Manov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The Caucasus region represents a clear example of an area of unresolved ethnic and religious problems that thread throughout the region’s historical development. During the Soviet era, due to Kremlin’s strength and ability to control the processes, these issues were suppressed by the socialist ideal of a conflict-free society and remained swept under the rug. However, the Caucasian republics in particular represent an area of preserved ethnic and religious contradictions during the nearly seventy-year period of the Soviet Union. The paper aims at exploring the genesis and development of the ethnic and religious conflicts in the South Caucasus during the Soviet times, which after the disintegration of the USSR turned into permanent conflicts in this post-soviet space such as the conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh (between Armenia and Azerbaijan) and the ones in South Ossetia and Abkhazia, in Georgia. The study also seeks to explore the interstate aspect of those regional conflicts and the Russian role in them. Stalin’s consistent policy of active territorial redistributions deteriorated the situation, especially in the Caucasus region. Proof of the impossibility of consolidation in the region are the conflict points, South Ossetia and Abkhazia within the borders of Georgia, as well as Nagorno-Karabakh, which instigated an armed conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia. South Ossetia and Abkhazia have been on Georgian territory for many years. Nagorno-Karabakh, despite being inhabited by over 90% Armenian population, was part of Azerbaijani territory during the Soviet era. The Soviet policy failed to create conditions for an effective integration of the separate ethnicities. Evidence of these problems in the Caucasus still echoes in the Nagorno-Karabakh military conflict in the autumn of 2020.

Is а Multipolar World Possible аfter February 24 аnd Is There a Place for the EU in It ?

Author(s): Ani Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The present article focuses on the question is a multipolar world possible after 24 February 2022 and what is the place of the EU in this world. The system of international relations established after the Second World War is undergoing its most serious revision with the beginning of Russia’s military actions against Ukraine. The declarative political requests of Russia, China and the countries around them after 24 February 2022 were transformed into real actions, including military ones, which show the ambition and capabilities of these countries to cause discussion about and effect changes in the existing system of international relations. The EU faces serious challenge – will it be able to assert its role as a political pole in a multipolar world. This role implies that the EU consolidates, reforms and extends the scope of the multilateral approach through which it operates to new areas, so that it can help Europeans realize their interests on the global stage and contribute to a more stable multipolar order, maintaining its openness by adherence to cooperation and accepted rules. Therefore, the EU must become a political union with common economic visions and procedures, which will determine whether the EU is part of the forming poles or will have an independent weight. At the same time, the question arises of whether we are ready for a multipolar currency world. The analysis leads to the following conclusions: 1) a multipolar world is possible; 2) the challenge is that the process of forming multipolarity in international relations does not lead to antagonism and fragmentation, but to strengthening the processes of unification and integration; 3) the world is changing rapidly and humanity is entering a new era of deep transformation, which also includes the presence of multipolarity, economic globalization, development of information society, cultural diversity, transformation of the architecture of global governance and world order, as well as increasing interconnectedness and interdependence between countries.

Архивен прочит на видими и невидими образи и следи от (или за) социалните грижи и здравеопазването в България в периода 1945 – 1989 г.

Author(s): Mariyana Piskova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The article seeks answers to the question of how the state policy in Bulgaria towards disabled and disadvantaged people, adults, and children in institutions in the years after the Second World War until the end of the 1980s is reflected in the archival photo documents. The study is based on 143,740 descriptions of photo films from the fund of “Bulgarian Photography” stored in the Central State Archive.

Зафер, З., Н. Муратова. Мефкюре Моллова: тюркология в изгнание. Биографично изследване. Благоевград, 2022

Author(s): Georgeta Nazarska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Ловчанският митрополит Филарет като управляващ Охридско-Битолската епархия на Българската православна църква (1941 – 1944 г.)

Author(s): Goran Blagoev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

Metropolitan Philaret of Loveč was among the synodal bishops entrusted with the administration of the dioceses rejoined to the Bulgarian Church in April 1941. The Metropolitan was appointed to rule the Ohrid-Bitola Diocese. By accepting his new appointment, he distinguished himself behaving with tact and moderation, showed understanding and sensitivity for the local Bulgarians’ pains and aspirations. At the beginning of September 1944, together with the state administration and military units, Bulgarian ecclesiastical authorities were forced to withdraw from the newly liberated lands. Before leaving his position, Philaret of Loveč manifested responsibility and took care of church matters that his diocese in charge did not fall into chaos due to the looming lawlessness.

Росица Лельова. На духовния фронт от Илинден до Балканската война. Българската екзархия и екзархийските институции в Македония 1903 – 1912. София, 2021, 288 с. ISBN 978-619-245-197-3.

Author(s): Aleksandar Grebenarov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

За лекаря и дарителя на град Елена - д-р Христо Момчилов

Author(s): Marusya Petkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

While the paper reveals details for an impressive donation of doctor Hristo Momchilov from Elena town in 1928 towards his native town, it sheds light on the philanthropic practices common for Bulgaria after the Liberation of the country in 1876. Attention needs not only the act of giving itself but rather the important issues of the day and their social causes addressed with the donation.

ЗАЩИТЕНИ ДИСЕРТАЦИОННИ ТРУДОВЕ

Author(s): Asen Georgiev,Vyara Beleva,Boryana Kozareva,Georgi Petrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12-13/2021

Personal diaries in special library collections in Bulgaria. The testimonies of Petar Dinekov and Boris Delchev; Socialization of the museum entities in the town of Tryavna; Indicators for studying the information behavior of users in the university libraries in Bulgaria; Integration of collections of digital objects of cultural heritage through cloud technologies

Лишаване от право на пенсия в българската пенсионна система (1944–1993)

Author(s): Alexander Hristov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This publication examines and analyzes certain aspects of institutional oppression and social exclusion in the social policy of Bulgaria between 1944–1993, applied to persons deprived of the right to a pension due to „fascist activity“. The separate social-legislative measures and initiatives of the state and political (party) government as part of the penal practices of the socialist (communist) regime are traced. The specific elements characterizing the repressive nature of the system and the ways for its (mitigation) overcoming during the indicated period are derived.

Два диалектни текста с исторически свидетелства от селата Габреш и Дреновени, Костурско

Author(s): Larry-Labro Korolov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Both dialectal texts in the article were collected in Toronto, Canada from two informants belonging to two different generations and originating from the villages of Gàbresh and Drenòveni in the Kostur (Kastoria) region. They disclose new and never published information on the IMARO’s activities, the fate of the Bulgarian language in South-western Macedonia under Greek rule, the difficulties of the locals to visit their native villages during the years of the Greek Military Junta (1967 – 1974); they also contain some comments made by Atatürk on Bulgaria’s behalf. History and dialects of the area remain under studied, due to the Greek rule exerted on this area and its heavy assimilatory policies. The new information will help fill the gap, even to a small extent. The texts also serve as a supplement to Blagoy Shklifov’s work on the Kostur dialect.

Държавният институт за глухонеми в Скопие (1943 – 1944 г.)

Author(s): Zhivko Lefterov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2023

The article examines a practically unknown episode of educational and social policy during the Bulgarian rule of Vardar Macedonia 1941 – 1944: the opening of the State Institute for the Deaf and Dumb in Skopje. Regardless of the difficult wartime conditions and the unresolved problems of the deaf community in the old boundaries of the country, the Bulgarian state, guided by responsibility and humanity towards the deaf schoolchildren in the new lands, including Pirot and Vrana districts, made maximum efforts to respond to their needs and to fulfil the endeavour. Unfortunately, despite the finding of a suitable building and its equipment, the secondment of appropriately trained teachers from the three institutes for the deaf and dumb in Bulgaria and the allocation of the necessary budget funds, the activity of the State Institute for the Deaf and Dumb in Skopje, which onlystarted at the end of 1943, was discontinued already at the beginning of 1944 – given the end of classes and the evacuation of a number of educational institutions due to the bombing of the city by the Allies.