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The present article outlines the activity of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists in the area of Polish-Czechoslovak borderland and its impact on the local people. On the basis of situation reports of the Lesser Poland Regional Inspectorate of the Border Guard, issued between 1930 and 1935, an attempt was made both to present the methods of prevention of the OUN operations that threatened the security of the Polish State, and to track a nationality situation in the borderland.
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After the Great Famine in Ukraine that killed at least 3.5 million people, the Bolsheviks faced a problem of a lack of resources and people to work on the land. Thus, a decision was made to bring to the most depopulated areas peasants from Russia and Belarus, as well as some farmers from other regions of Ukraine, less affected by the famine. The action did not succeed, as a majority of peasants who were brought to Ukrainian lands devastated by the Holodomor went back to their homes.
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In 1939 ca. 750 German military policemen or gendarmes were sent to occupied Poland. Some of them took part in the extermination of Polish civilians. One of those was Otto Oberländer, a military policeman from the village of Sadki, who contributed to the killing of 86 Poles. There has been no study so far in the Polish historiography on the German apparatus of repression in Poland that describes their operations in the occupied Polish country.
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The article deals with the subject of illegal emigration of Jews from Poland in 1944–1947 presented in the broad international context. Underground emigration of Jews after the war had turned into an organised effort (Bricha) that in actual fact covered the whole Europe. The action was carried out against the British who, from 1920 on, ruled Palestine under a mandate and limited Jewish immigration, introducing specific quotas. The Middle East was the main destination of Jews. It has been estimated that, by the end of 1947, ca. 250 thousand Jews left Central Eastern Europe, including 140 thousand Jews from Poland.
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The Soviet Union has been a member of the International Olympic Committee since 1951. This membership entitled Soviets sportsmen to participate in the Olympic Games. It is, therefore, interesting to explore the circumstances of the Soviet Union’s access to the IOC to answer the following questions: What was the stance of President Johannes Sigfrid Edström and the IOC members on this matter? What was the position of the USSR within the process of accession to the IOC? The analysis is based on the source material kept in the Archives of the International Olympic Committee in Lausanne, Switzerland.
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The article describes the crisis of Pakistani policy between 1953 and 1955, which resulted de facto in the liquidation of democracy. The executive power (Governor-General) allied with the judicial one (Supreme Court) and the army to get rid of the unwritten principles, taken over from the British, regulating the parliamentary order, and finally dissolved the Parliament itself. Ultimately, it led the country to autocracy.
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The purpose of the analysis presented below is to present the attitude of the Main Council of the Polish Episcopate towards Pope John Paul II’s first pilgrimage to Poland. An access to Church archival documents made it possible to reconstruct individual attitudes of members of the Polish Church authorities towards negotiations related to the pope’s visit, its course, and finally its outcomes.
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Aleksander Bocheński’s activity in the Patriotic Movement for National Rebirth was an expression of his political concepts in the eighties. They were meant as the apology of policy conducted by Gen. Jaruzelski’s team and emphasised the consequences of geo-political situation of Poland. An evolution of Bocheński’s attitude towards the Movement was provoked by his disappointment with the government’s actions at that time.
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From the very beginning, Solidarność developed a promising policy towards Latin America. Several official delegations and a permanent Solidarność representative stayed on the continent. From 1983 onwards, however, it appeared that the local partners were making use of the Polish case for their own purposes and that had different views on international politics, the US, and communism.
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The article is devoted to the historical events related to the final establishment of the Polish eastern frontier after 1945. This political boundary separated Poland from the USSR. It was made upon a decision of three superpowers at Teheran and Yalta. The text presents an interpretation of its final delimitation, which was a complex task politically and technically. Next, the boundaries on the Polish-Belarusian and Polish-Ukrainian sections are discussed. There is also an analysis of geographical and political circumstances of the exchange of frontier areas made by Poland and the Soviet Union in 1951.
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The punishment of national socialist criminals met in the Federal Republic of Germany with great reluctance. It also caused political controversies. Due to a successful legislative action, on 10 May 1968 all functionaries of the terror apparatus who were issuing criminal orders from behind the desk, were granted amnesty. The fact was not noticed either by the Polish press or in the Polish scholarly literature on the subject, while tremendous excitement was mounted by discussions about no statute of limitations for prosecutions of the offenses of Nazi genocide, which degenerated into farce played for the international audience.
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The purpose of the article is to present and analyse many years of cooperation Anna M. Cienciała, one of the leading Polish historians in exile after 1945, with Jerzy Giedroyc. It resulted in A.M. Cienciała’s numerous publications by the publisher of the Literary Institute, with special attention paid to a book Polska polityka zagraniczna w latach 1926–1939. Na podstawie tekstów ministra Józefa Becka (Polish Foreign Policy in 1926–1939, edited by Anna M. Cienciała on the Basis of Minister Józef Beck’s Texts, 1990). The study was written based on materials from the Archives of Literary Institute, where letters exchanged between Cienciała and Giedroyc are kept.
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The first election to the Sejm of the Polish People’s Republic took place on 26 October 1952, and it was a model example of parliamentary election in a totalitarian system. One of the agitation forms during the electoral campaign was occasional socialist realism poetry. The purpose of the present article is a response to two questions: what topics, i.e. “poetic material” was brought up in agitation poems, and what was their propagandistic aspect in the context of persuasive strategy used in the electoral campaign; whether the agitation through poetry was guided by any policy and what where underlying peculiarities that determined the propagation of such poems.
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The article presents a process of ousting landowners from managerial posts in the Regional Department of the State Land Properties in Olsztyn. Upon an analysis of documents generated by the Voivode Office of Public Security in Olsztyn and procedural documents of the Appellate Court in Olsztyn a role played by functionaries of the Public Security Office was revealed, together with that of prosecutors and judges in preparations for show trials and conviction with severe punishment, including the death penalty.
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