ЧУТО-ВИДЯНО

Author(s): Ivan Marazov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

The article aims to compare the creative principles of the epic and that of archaic art. The standard repeatable vocabulary of folklore and art is determined by the use of object and action formulas and themes, as well as rhythm and symmetry in the composition. In this way content is condensed and the whole myth can be read / remembered. For the initiates in the language of mythological thinking, figurative hints are sufficient to reproduce a mythological situation. As in myth and ritual, cosmogony is realized through naming, so in art the world is created through obtaining an image. The article draws analogies with Balkan folklore, as well as Greek, Vedic and Celtic mythology.

ИЗ BITHYNIA PONTICA – ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ И РЕИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЯ (ТЕРЕННИ НАБЛЮДЕНИЯ ПРЕЗ 2013 Г. – ПЪРВА ЧАСТ)

Author(s): Kalin Porozhanov,Alexandar Portalsky,Valentin Kitanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

According to ancient authors, the ordering of the Thracian ethnicities from the Bosporus/Bosphorus to the east along the Anatolian Black Sea Coast is as follows: Bithynians, Thynians, Mariandinians, Tibarenes, Halybes, Mosynoikes and Paphlagones. Located on the map, they are identified in modern settlements and sites: Kefken, Eregli, Amasra, Sinop, Hissar, Akliman, Ikiztepe, Ordu, Trabzon. In and around them were observed interesting topographical locations associated with objects from the Thracian times.

БАЗИЛИКАТА НА ЛЬО КОРБЮЗИЕ В LA SAINTE BAUME. АРХИТЕКТУРЕН ПАРАЛЕЛ С ТРАКИЙСКИТЕ КУЛТОВИ СГРАДИ

Author(s): Adriana Sarbova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

This article concerns the project of the unbuilt basilica of Le Corbusier at La Sainte Baume, which has been analyzed in the same context with the Thracian cult buildings – the Pythagoreanism. Since I find some visual and conceptual similarities between the architecture of these buildings from different epochs, I decided to make a parallel between their design and concept. For this purpose, I use a special research methodology, created for comparing architectural spaces from different epochs, which focuses on: the context; the function; the composition; the materials; the façade; the interior of the buildings. My aim is to find out whether similar ideas and philosophy lead to similar architectural interpretation, although created in different epochs and social conditions.

ТРАКИЯ И ТРАКИТЕ В СВЕТА НА АНТИЧНИЯ РОМАН: ТЕМИ, ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ, ТОПОСИ

Author(s): Mina Tasseva Bencheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

The ancient novels, written in Greek or Latin, appeared around the Ist century AD and quickly became a popular genre. Drawing from a number of topoi and common themes, both in their narratives and in their style, these works reflected perceptions of the present, problems and questionings of their time. The genre of the ancient novel also shared numerous themes and means of expression with ‘higher’ literary genres from the same period, such as those of the Second sophistic. Later, the novels enjoyed popularity in the Byzantine empire and in Europe during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance. The paper aims at exploring there presentation of Thrace and the Thracians in the works of several authors of ancient novels such as Apuleius, Longus, Helliodorus and Pseudo-Callisthenes by gathering and analyzing interpretations of various figures from the history and the mythology of the region as well as generic representations and themes related to it. The paper will thus contribute to the main subject of the readings by bringing into light some of the manners in which the image of Thrace and the Thracians evolved in the Graeco-Roman culture from the first centuries of the Empire.

ПОСВЕЩЕНИЕ НА ИЗИДА И САРАПИС ПО ВРЕМЕ НА ЦАРУВАНЕТО НА РЕМЕТАЛК (IK Byzantion 324)

Author(s): Ruja Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

This text is dedicated to an inscription with unknown provenance, stored for sometime in the Istanbul Museum, today in the National Museum of Warsaw, first published in1911. It is a dedication to the gods Isis and Sarapis at the time of the reign of Rhoemetalces(Ἴσιδι καὶ Σαράπιδι· βασιλεύοντος Ῥοιμετάλκου) from Artemidoros, son of Synistor – nauarch during the Great Ploiaphesia (IK Byzantion 324): To Isis and Sarapis, at the time of the reign ofRhoemetalces, when a merarch was Artemidoros, son of Philostratus, in the year 32 Artemidoros, son of Synistor, who was nauarch during the Great Ploiaphesia, consecrated this telamon. Sincethe first publication, the dating of the inscription is linked to the king Rhoemetalces I because of the year in the inscription (l. 6), associated by some of the researchers with the era of Actium, by others – with the reign of Rhoemetalces I, which is uncertainly dated. Despitethe explicitly stated unknown provenance, the epigraphic document remains attached to Byzantium. M. Tacheva is the only one who states doubt the connection of the inscription with the first Rhoemetalces, and she displaces it dates to 37–45 AD, i.e. to Rhoemetalces III. For a place of provenance expresses a preference to Perinthus or Mesembria. The inscription is extremely interesting with the two mentioned offices – merarch andnauarch. Both carry information about a Thracian control over Byzantium (?) or over the city where the stele (telamon) was erected. A decree from Cyzicus and information in Tacitus seem to provide an opportunity to revise and put the inscription in a different temporal context. Anyway, the dedication to the two Egyptian gods Isis and Sarapis on the occasion of the great feasts to the resumption of navigation celebrated on 5 March in one of the maritime centres around Propontis from the nauarch Artemidoros, most probably happens with the support of the Thracian king Rhoemetalces, whose name the dedicator explicitly mentions.

МИТ ИЛИ РЕАЛНОСТ – ТРАКИЯ И ТРАКИТЕ В МЕТАМОРФОЗИ НА АПУЛЕЙ

Author(s): Slavtcho Kirov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

This article discusses the various stereotypes associated with Thrace and the Thracians during the Roman era, not only drawn from the Greek literary tradition, but also directly inspired by the political situation in Rome and the Balkans, skillfully intertwined by Apuleius to offer different levels of interpretation.

ПРОВАДИЙСКАТА ОМУРТАГОВА КОЛОНА – ОПИТ ЗА АНАЛИЗ

Author(s): Lyubomir Tsonev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 26/2022

In 1930, a Khan Omurtag column was discovered in Provadia with a dedication inscription about a killed Bulgarian military leader. In 1943, historians noticed that a Thracian horseman's relief is also engraved on the column. The present report attempts to analyze this unique monument from a variety of perspectives and aims to initiate a fruitful discussion.

Kuratorstwo archiwum? Przypadek Themersonów

Author(s): Honorata Sroka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (19)/2022

The article concerns the Themerson Archive in Warsaw, which for nearly three decades was prepared for publication by art critic Jasia Reichardt. She not only sorted out these collections, but also acted as an intermediary between the artists, the Archive, and the audience. In this case, the curatorship of the archive is an effort to bring the individual parts of the collection closer to the audience by creating a narrative about the history of individual artifacts. The curator has bestowed on the materials a broad biographical context. In her article, Honorata Sroka comes up with the idea of the curatorship of archival collections. She develops a specific approach to curatorship by describing Reichardt’s exhibition methods, i.e., the latter’s strategies of presentation and presence in the Themerson Archive. Sroka moves away from the classic approaches to the theory of archives by regarding the curator’s activities not only as attempts to limit the public’s access to knowledge about the artists and the desire to guard their collections, but rather as organizational efforts aimed at formulating a coherent method for the presentation of materials. Moreover, Sroka emphasizes the fact that Reichardt’s experience as a long-time curator of art exhibitions, the author of numerous articles, and the director of the Whitechapel Art Gallery in London has allowed her to make a highly original contribution to the field of archival studies.

Die thrakischen Frauennamen aus Bulgarien. Nachträge und Berichtigungen

Author(s): Mirena Slavova / Language(s): German Issue: 5/1995

Етнокултурен модел на историческото съзнание през българското средновековие

Author(s): Valeri Katzounov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 7/1991

The problem of the historical consciousness of the peoples is too wide and not yet well enough researched area in the sphere of the social sciences. In a sense it is a part of a much wider problem of the ethnical consciousness and self-consciousness. The article makes a detailed and critical review of accessible home and foreign publications. On the basis of their review, the author reveals his own understanding upon the raised questions in the specialized literature. A detailed analysis is made on the relations: national consciousness and self-consciousness and historical consciousness and self-consciousness. An original model is built of the historical consciousness considered with the peculiarities of the social development in the different periods of the Bulgarian history for the time from the 7th to the first half of the 18th century. An original principal scheme is presented of composition of ethnical self-consciousness as individual human reflection of a concrete socioimportant ideas. According to the author, this is a complex of complicated, interweaved and mutually connected ideas from which basic are: the idea of community of the origin (from the idea of ethnical identity); the idea of the community of the historical fate (from the idea of a political organization, the idea of state system in society); the idea of cultural peculiarities (from the idea of cultural identity, for cultural community of the society).The first two most precisely reveal the sense of the concepts “historical consciousness” and “historical self-consciousness”.

W poszukiwaniu perspektywy zoocentrycznej w kinie niefikcjonalnym. Przykład produkcji filmowej Stowarzyszenia Otwarte Klatki

Author(s): Patrycja Chuszcz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2022

Patrycja Chuszcz’s aim in this article is to analyze the film productions of the Open Cages Association, which works for so-called farm animal rights, and to inquire about the attempt to go beyond the anthropocentric perspective in the audiovisual materials created by this organization. She begins her considerations by outlining the tradition of non-fiction film about animals. She discusses the current search for the zoocentric perspective in cinema by documentary and visual artists. Next she analyzes the film productions of the Open Cages Association. She compares the organization’s films with the perspective resulting from interviews with its members and with the literaturę on the subject. The analysis shows that activists – despite contesting a certain sector of modern civilization (related to industrial livestock production) – rely on the broader and prevailing technological-cultural paradigm. This borrowing is manifested, among other things, in the use of an anthropocentric perspective and anthropomorphism in the films created by the Open Cages Association. However, activists adopt this attitude consciously, following the perspective of effective altruism.

УВОДНИ ДУМИ

Author(s): Vesselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2014

По въпроса за българското национално малцинство в Албания след края на Първата световна война

Author(s): Bobi Bobev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2014

Бележки за състоянието на селата в Голо Бърдо, Албания – история и актуално състояние

Author(s): Vesselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2014

The article presents the Slavic language group (Bulgarian/Macedonian) inhabiting the region of Golloborda, Albania, focusing on the main parameters of the villages status in the past and today. The Gollobordians have been living as Albanian citizens for 100 years, but the information about the exact number and population of the Gollobordian villages included in the Albanian territory differs in the different sources. In this sense the text describes a villages past and present.

Българска сватба от Албания

Author(s): Raki Belo / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2014

In this study we will try to deliver the most important moments of a Bulgarian wedding from Albania, one of the most interesting and most beautiful moments in people's lives. At the same time it is also one of the most complex and rich cultural rituals of everyday people. Wedding rituals of Bulgarians from the village Vrabnik includes two critical areas: betrothal and wedding. All moments of the wedding rituals in this Bulgarian village will present them in the stories of people and film and audio recordings that I have done for various moments associated with marriage.

Композицията на Светите Седмочисленици в паметниците от ХVІІІ- ХІХ век на територията на съвременна Албания

Author(s): Ralica Ruseva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2014

This article deals with a representations of the Holy Heptarithmoi (the Seven Slavic Saints), as well as of St John Kukuzel, St John Vladimir and of New Martyr St Nicodemos of Vithkuq by icon-painters of the family of Constantine and Athanasios from Korçë and the family Chetiri (John, George, Nahum, Nicholas) at the churches of Holy Virgin(1744) in the Monastery of Ardenica, St Peter and St Paul (1764) in Vitquki, St George (1782) in Libosh, St Nicholas (1795) in Vanaj, the Annunciation (1806) in Kozare and on the iconostasis of the Church of the Assumption in Berat. Brought together, the works by these two families of icon-painters outline a particular geographical region (Muzakia) and a timeline scope, where images of the Holy Heptarithmoi have been heavily present. 106 The Printing house in Moschopolis was playing a great role of in reviving , popularising, enriching and widening of the cult of Slavic saints. This new stage in establishing the cult of Slavic saints was carried out not only in the field of the written word but also in the field of Church art. Alongside with publishing offices and saints Vita, the pictorial aspect of cult got a steady push ahead. According to the study, the activity of the Bishops of Berat also underlay this process. In the second half of eighteenth century, in the monuments of the territory of Albania a general iconographic scheme of the composition of the Holy Heptarithmoi was formed, which underwent some internal variations. The representation of the Holy Heptarithmoi has already found its permanent place in the „topography‟ of churches: on the western wall of the naos, next to the entrance, as protectors and patrons of the Church area. On the monuments under consideration the images of St John Vladimir and of St Nicodemos of Vithkuq also have a permanent place in the iconographic programme of the churches: on the north wall amidst the standing saints. The images under review fill in the gaps in the chronology and development of the iconography of Slavic Saints, enriching the overall picture we have for the Arts as well as for the general historical trends of the given period.This article deals with a representations of the Holy Heptarithmoi (the Seven Slavic Saints), as well as of St John Kukuzel, St John Vladimir and of New Martyr St Nicodemos of Vithkuq by icon-painters of the family of Constantine and Athanasios from Korçë and the family Chetiri (John, George, Nahum, Nicholas) at the churches of Holy Virgin(1744) in the Monastery of Ardenica, St Peter and St Paul (1764) in Vitquki, St George (1782) in Libosh, St Nicholas (1795) in Vanaj, the Annunciation (1806) in Kozare and on the iconostasis of the Church of the Assumption in Berat. Brought together, the works by these two families of icon-painters outline a particular geographical region (Muzakia) and a timeline scope, where images of the Holy Heptarithmoi have been heavily present. 106 The Printing house in Moschopolis was playing a great role of in reviving , popularising, enriching and widening of the cult of Slavic saints. This new stage in establishing the cult of Slavic saints was carried out not only in the field of the written word but also in the field of Church art. Alongside with publishing offices and saints Vita, the pictorial aspect of cult got a steady push ahead. According to the study, the activity of the Bishops of Berat also underlay this process. In the second half of eighteenth century, in the monuments of the territory of Albania a general iconographic scheme of the composition of the Holy Heptarithmoi was formed, which underwent some internal variations. The representation of the Holy Heptarithmoi has already found its permanent place in the „topography‟ of churches: on the western wall of the naos, next to the entrance, as protectors and patrons of the Church area. On the monuments under consideration the images of St John Vladimir and of St Nicodemos of Vithkuq also have a permanent place in the iconographic programme of the churches: on the north wall amidst the standing saints. The images under review fill in the gaps in the chronology and development of the iconography of Slavic Saints, enriching the overall picture we have for the Arts as well as for the general historical trends of the given period.

Български език, спомени за българско минало и (твърде) динамично настояще. Две съвременни автохтонни краеведски книги от Югоизточна Албания

Author(s): Valentin Geshev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2014

Голо Брдо. Белешке о насељима, пореклу становиштва народном животу и обичаjима, Скопље, 1940

Author(s): Milenko Filipovich / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2014

Мерната единица за повърхност „дьонюм“ в административно-финансовата практика на Османската империя (XV–XX в.)

Author(s): Anton Minkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 12/1991

The dönüm was one of the surface units of measure most widely used by the Ottoman administration. It was used in settling various agrarian relations, in the registration of lands and sale-trade of estates, as well as in connection with the tax and financial systems of the Empire. Hence, the frequent use of the dönüm in the timar registers and financial documents dealing with tax revenuer. The dönüm was most widely used in the land certificates (tapus). In certain parts of the Empire local units of measure were permitted to be used in this type of documents, especially in the tapus issued for inconsiderable amount of land. Great differences occur when we try to define more accurately the dönüm into metric units of measure. Most often the specialized literature equals the dönüm to 919,3 square metres. That, however, was the value accepted for it as late as the second half of the 19 c., and it is wrong to accept this value for the previous centuries. The article proves that until the end of the first half of the 19 c. the dönüm was equal to 1200 sq. metres. Since the 80’s of the 19 c. the term “new dönüm” has been used in the certificates of land ownership. The value of this dönüm is shown to be 2500 sq. metres. Nowadays the dönüm continues to be used as a unit of measure in Turkey and some Arab countries.

Музеи и пандемия

Author(s): Nikolai Nenov,Silvia Trifonova-Kostadinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 21/2022

The text examines the COVID-19 Pandemic as an element of change that is already necessary for museums. It describes the study, its aims and objectives as carried out – its methodology and focuses on the need for the study and ways of reaching the audience. The work of museums in Bulgaria and the Balkans is presented, as well as the main contradictions in individual lockdowns. The activity on digital platforms and mainly on Facebook, where 100% of the studied museums are present, was examined. Models for working in a changed environment are indicated, which prove to be particularly important for the future of the museum in our country.