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Nosowski: "Może uda się Panom znaleźć porozumienie w kwestiach definicyjnych? Jakim mianem historyk może określać treść wyrażaną popularnym pojęciem „żołnierze wyklęci”?" Łabuszewski: "Moim zdaniem, najuczciwszym pojęciem dla historycznego opisu sytuacji tej grupy jest: powstanie antykomunistyczne." Wnuk: "Z tym nie zgadzam się fundamentalnie. Jeśli mamy mówić o czymś takim jak antykomunistyczne powstanie, które wybuchło w 1944 roku i trwało do roku 1963 (bo tak ono jest przecież rozciągane), to trzeba by powiedzieć, że powstanie antynazistowskie zaczęło się we wrześniu 1939 roku i trwało do stycznia 1945 roku. Bo przecież bezustannie ktoś gdzieś z karabinem po lasach chodził. Nie idźmy w takie absurdy." Łabuszewski: "W takim razie wrócę do swojego wcześniejszego twierdzenia. Dla mnie czynnikiem, który tworzy jakościowo nową sytuację, jest zamiana głównego wroga niepodległości Polski z hitlerowskich Niemiec na Rosję sowiecką. Od kwietnia 1943 roku mamy do czynienia z uruchomieniem pewnej spirali działań wrogich wymierzonych w struktury Polskiego Państwa Podziemnego, ale również w całą społeczność polską zamieszkującą tamte tereny, które uważane są za prawnie inkorporowane do Rosji Sowieckiej. […] Skala oporu zbrojnego (masowego biernego oporu); jego zdecydowana eskalacja wiosną-latem 1945 r.; decydujący wpływ obcego, wrogiego Polsce państwa na sytuację w kraju; zwalczanie przez obce formacje (NKWD, Smiersz) struktur legalnego, uznawanego nadal przez społeczność międzynarodową, rządu polskiego na emigracji – te wszystkie czynniki wyraźnie wskazują, że przynajmniej w 1945 r. możemy mówić o powstaniu antykomunistycznym jednoczącym prawie całe społeczeństwo." Wnuk: "Nie rozumiem tej logiki. Jesteśmy historykami, musimy mieć jakieś narzędzia obiektywizujące, pozwalające porównywać zjawiska. Czy każdy bunt, każda walka z okupantem jest powstaniem? Moim zdaniem, nie. Nie można przyjąć, że powstaniem jest działanie zbrojne angażujące jeden promil ludzi w kraju. Nawet jeśli przyjmiemy, że w lesie było około 20 tys. osób (a nigdy tylu ich jednocześnie nie było), to jest to mniej niż promil polskiego społeczeństwa, które liczyło wówczas 21 milionów."
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HEČKOVÁ, JANKA A KOL. K REÁLIÁM STAROVEKÉHO RÍMA. WEGER, TOBIAS – GÜNDISCH, KONRAD. KASCHAU / KOŠICE: EINE KLEINE STADTGESCHICHTE. FABOVÁ, BERNADETA – JANČURA, MIKULÁŠ (EDS.). STRETNUTIE MLADÝCH HISTORIKOV II. PRIESEČNÍKY SPOLOČNEJ HISTÓRIE KRAJÍN V4. ZBORNÍK PRÍSPEVKOV Z 2. VEDECKEJ KONFERENCIE MLADÝCH HISTORIKOV (DOKTORANDOV A VEDECKÝCH PRACOVNÍKOV).
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The paper deals with the novels “The End of the World News” by A. Burgess and “Waterland” by G. Swift as transient phenomena from the modernist cyclical conception of history, with its tendency to historical mythologization and subjectivity, towards postmodernism, which is characterized by demythologization and deconstruction of historical narratives. The biblical myths serve as the conceptual basis of A. Burgess and G. Swift’s works, the textual structuring of which makes them occupy a unique position “between” modernism and postmodernism.
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PETRANSKÁ, Darina . Objavovanie Prešova. MADL, Claire – TINKOVÁ, Daniela (Eds .). Francouzský švindl svobody . Francouzská revoluce a veřejné mínění v českých zemích. FETKO, Filip – ŠTEVÍK, Miroslav (Eds.). Pocta Ivanovi Chalupeckému . Zborník príspevkov k slovenským dejinám vydaný pri príležitosti osemdesiatin doc . PhDr. Ivana Chalupeckého. PEŠEK, Jan . Komunistická strana Slovenska : Dejiny politického subjektu I. Na ceste k moci (1945 – 1948), pri moci – od prevratu k pokusu o reformu (1948 – 1968). KUČERA, Martin . Pražský Maigret . Osobní zápas legendárního kriminalisty.
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Košice v súradniciach európskych dejín. Poznávanie dejín Slovenska. Pramene, metódy a poznatky. Věda a technika v českých zemích mezi světovými válkami. Historické medzníky vo vývoji Košíc v 20. storočí. Remembering the City : A Guide Through the Past of Košice. The Transformation of Memory after 1945: European Perspectives on the City, Migration and Remembrance. Stretnutie mladých historikov III. Človek, spoločnosť, doba. Zasadnutie Česko -slovenskej komisie historikov – vedecký seminár Centrum a periféria v Československu (región a jeho vymedzovanie). Spoločnosť a knižná kultúra (knižnice – osobnosti – udalosti). Hosťovské prednášky na Katedre histórie FF UPJŠ.
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The paper considers the scale and conditions of leather trade performed by Italian representatives in the cities of the Northern Black Sea region during the 13th–14th centuries. Archaeological data on the level of craft development associated with leather preparation are provided. A new category of instruments, which has never gained scientific attention, namely, specially shaped knives for cutting leather, is introduced.
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Wearing-apparel components and mirrors from the materials of field archaeological researches at the Hmelevskoe I settlement (second half of the 13th–14th century), which is situated in the Saratov Volga Region, carried out during the expedition organized in 1995–2002 by the Kazan University under the supervision of L.F. Nedashkovsky are considered in the article. The morphological features of wares (girdle clasps, brackets, tips of belts, belt ring, earring, finger rings, bracelets, syul’gamas, rustling ornament, and mirrors) are analyzed in the article on the basis of typology with involvement of the broad comparative background of materials from synchronous monuments. This complex characterizes the material culture of the Lower Volga town of the Golden Horde time, which, judging by the published materials, differed from the objects of similar purpose, found at the nearby Ukek city.
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This paper considers the scientific works of the Kazan collector A.F. Likhachev dated back to 1860–1880. An ingenious historical concept for the origin of the Volga Bulgars is presented in them. In his main work devoted to the history and culture of Great Bulgaria, A.F. Likhachev reconstructed lifestyle, basic occupations, and laws in Bulgaria. In addition, the description of crafts was given. It is proved that A.F. Likhachev’s understanding of history and archeology was based on the scientific concepts advanced by the leading archeologists from Moscow and St. Petersburg: A.S. Uvarov and P.I. Lerkh. Although some ideas put forward by A.F. Likhachev were amateurish, their value consisted in the first experience of complex research on the ancient culture of people in the Russian province.
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The paper discusses the basic trends in contemporary historiographical studies regarding the so-called “crisis of history”, which took place at the turn of the 19th–20th centuries. The paradigmatic approach to the history of science provides the theoretical basis of research on this problem. New trends and problems that have emerged in historiography over the recent years are connected with the development of scholar and generational approaches, as well as with the study of everyday historiographical life, scholarly communications and interpersonal relationships between historians, historical consciousness, and self-representations of the academic community.
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The paper considers the problems of photography for archival science in the Russian historiography: acquisition of the archives of documentary photographs; organization of their accounting, storage, and use. Special attention is paid to the archeographic design of documentary photographs for publication.
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Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of antiquity reception in the context of gender identity and colonial/postcolonial culture are considered in this paper. It can be assumed based on the representations existing in modern historiography that appealing to the ancient heritage as an element for the construction of “women's history” or the historical memory of postcolonial countries reflects most representatively the reception of antiquity as a sociocultural process. A hypothesis is, in its turn, postulated on the possibility of creating theoretical models generalizing and structuring the entire diversity of sociocultural experiences in the reception of antiquity.
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The analysis of Petrarch’s dialogue “De dulcedine musica” (“On the Sweetness of Music”) allowed to show that the author’s position is inconsistent: from the rejection of music and singing to the metaphor anthem for the musical harmony of the Universe. Petrarch refers with equal respect to both antique and Christian authors; his examples appeal to persons of the pagan Rome and not Christian Medieval Europe. The realities of that time, such as the widespread passion for music and singing responding to the new needs of the society, especially in urban areas, are distinguished in the judgments of this famous humanist and Renaissance poet. The dialogue addresses various ethical subjects of the Renaissance: importance of education, personal nobility despite social class frameworks, and personal right to the satisfaction of esthetic needs. Pinitian’s epigraph narrows the meanings of the dialogue and “frames” it in everyday life, thereby depriving the text of historical space. At the same time, the epigraph does not distort or modify the dialogue. However, it maximally focuses the reader’s attention on its didactic component.
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The main periods of change in the role played by Kazan University in the formation of the educational space of Chuvashia are singled out in the paper. The specifics of each period are considered based on the example of the following educators: P.S. Kondyrev, I.Ya. Yakovlev, and S.F. Saikin.
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The paper reviews Tatar journalism, from the inception to the present day. The most important historical events that influenced the origin and development of Tatar periodicals are covered. The dynamics of quantity of media in the Tatar language during different historical periods is discussed. The following problems of functioning of modern media in the Tatar language are raised: decline of audience, thematic limitation, and lack of efficiency. The suggestion is put forward about the necessity of regional and national development of printed media through the state support.
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The travellers, diplomats, missionaries and academics who have written on the Kurds have always shown a remarkable fascination with the Yezidis. The great Ottoman traveller Evliya Çelebi, who in the mid-seventeenth century wrote so extensively on diverse aspects of Kurdish culture, social life and political organisation that he may well be called the first Kurdologist, was also one of the first to write some tantalising observations on customs and practices of the Yezidis he encountered. He also reports in some detail on two punitive campaigns mounted by Ottoman governors against the Yezidis of Sinjar, in one of which he played a minor role himself. Christian missionaries based in Kurdistan were drawn to the Yezidis as the major non-Muslim and non-Christian community and fascinated by what they understood of its elusive theology. Two of the founders of West European academic Kurdology, C. J. Edmonds and Roger Lescot, devoted some of their major work to the Yezidis, and most Kurdish experts have felt the need to pay due attention to the Yezidi religion. Several of the ideologists of Kurdish nationalism, finally, have elevated the Yezidis to the status of most authentic Kurds. For more has been written about the Yezidis and their religion than about the religious practices and institutions of the Muslim Kurds, reflecting a bias among both foreign academics and secular Kurdish nationalists.
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The paper summarizes the data available in the scientific literature on the Zakhariinskii Paremeinik of 1271. This unique ancient Russian manuscript has repeatedly attracted the attention of scholars interested in the peculiarities of Slavic and Greek paremeiniks, as well as in the analysis of Boris and Gleb problems due to particular embedded paroemias about certain events in the Russian history. Nevertheless, complex linguotextological research of this earliest copy of the ancient Russian paremeinik remains relevant. The problem of publication of this manuscript is considered separately.
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The paper is devoted to “Dialogues about Authority” written by Carl Schmitt, the outstanding German lawyer, politician, and thinker of the 20th century. This work is still increasingly relevant. Modern researchers in the sphere of law, philosophy, and political science often refer to the creative heritage of Carl Schmitt, considering him “today’s Macchiavelli”. We made an attempt to analyze and translate Carl Schmitt’s “Dialogues about Authority” from the Italian language, into which it was transferred by Pierangelo Schiera (Trento, Italy), a Carl Schmitt’s colleague and professor of law.
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Modern Russian civil law is being influenced by the foreign legal experience. This is because of the relative youth of modern Russian law, which has its roots in the early 1990s. Numerous foreign legal constructions were fixed in Russian legislation without due adaptation to the legal traditions of Russia. The paper considers criteria for the appropriateness of borrowings from the foreign legal experience. The conclusion is made about the necessity to use the foreign legal experience in accordance with the Russian legal traditions established in the 19th–20th centuries in order to preserve the originality of national law.
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