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Правни последици след решение на Конституционния съд по конституционно дело 9/2020 г.

Author(s): Lyubomir Vladikin / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 8/2021

The article considers the legal consequences of declaring unconstitutional the provisions of § 5, para. 1- 4, § 6, para. 1 and 2, § 7 and § 8 of the Transitional and Final Provisions of the Law amending and supplementing the Bank Insolvency Act (promulgated SG, issue 22 of 2018, supplemented SG, issue 33 of 2019, in force from 19.04.2019), Art. 60a, para. 1 of the Bank Insolvency Act (promulgated SG, issue 22 of 2015, supplemented, SG No. 33 of 2019, in force from 19.04.2019), § 16 of the Act amending and supplementing the Bank Insolvency Act (promulgated SG, issue 61 of 2015, in force from 11.08.2015) and Art. 60b, para. 1, 2 and 3 of the Bank Insolvency Act (promulgated SG, issue 22 of 2018, in force from 16.03.2018), based on a decision on constitutional case 9 of 2020 of the Constitutional Court. Since this is a legal regulation, the absence of a law regulating the legal consequences results in the right of persons directly affected by these provisions to file a claim for damages against the state /tort/. The author of the article also comments on the applicable rule with regard to existing legal relations and those subject to pending court proceedings, in view of the provision of Art. 151, para. 2, third sentence of the Constitution. The article addresses the issue of the lack of restorative effect of the provisions in force before the law was declared unconstitutional.

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Public law after Pandemics. Brief considerations

Author(s): Marius Văcărelu / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2021

The last decades had passed public law in a rather second zone, because private law had taken over most of the legal action’s visibility. Without denying the importance of legal relations under private law, any objective researcher cannot fail to notice that in most of the 21st century certain public law pillars had come to be modified by the action of legal norms and acts of private law. The number of legal acts under private law natural increase was accompanied by an approach when many legislators were rather unfavourable to public law, forgetting that still the state pillars are expressed by norms of constitutional and administrative law. In this perspective, the appearance of crisis situations brought back the public law and is very tender for the public administration legal and material situation. In those moments, its true functioning capacity is checked, but it is also shown the main directions for activity improving, which a competent legislator understands immediately. For these reasons, the changes that public law and public administration obtain during a crisis and immediately thereafter can be defining for decades. Thus, we try to sketch a short form of what could become public law after this pandemic, without seeking to exhaust the material of debate.

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Novelty Elements of Administrative Liability Regulated by the Administrative Code

Author(s): Ioana-Cristina Riedl / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2021

By analyzing the evolution of administrative liability, we can observe that this institution has been difficult to contend in the Romanian doctrine, the opinions expressed in specialized literature varying from the argumentation of its existence to the denial of the identity of the administrative liability forms or of the applicable legal regime. Starting from the idea that one of the most important effects of the public interest, which characterizes the binding relation that arises from an illicit administrative act which affects interests, is the inequality of the parties to this relation, because one of them does not act in its own interest, but in the interests of all, we consider that the proper functioning of the administration is the primary element which prevents damage and liability for it. In our law there was no express regulation of the liability of the administration for its wrongful acts until the entry into force of the Administrative Code (July 2019) – it could conclude, up to that point, that such an act leaves the scope of administrative law and directs it to civil law, which will be resolved as if there were two individuals at issue. We consider that the entry into force of the Code and, by implication, the novelty of such legislative provisions represent a step forward in resolving the system's accountability for the unlawful acts, the correction and improvement of the work that civil servants and contractual staff submit every day in carrying out their tasks.

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Evolution of the Body of Electoral Experts (EEC) in Romania in the period 2016-2020

Author(s): Alexandra Iancu / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2021

The Body of Electoral Experts (EEC) is a permanent record of persons who may become presidents of communal, city, municipal constituency electoral bureaux, polling stations of the country and abroad or their deputies, established, managed and updated by The Permanent Electoral Authority in accordance with the provisions of art. 16 of Law no. 208/2015 and of the PEA AEP Decision no. 11/2015 on the approval of the Methodology for admission to the Corps of Electoral Experts, with subsequent amendments and completions. In this article, an analysis is made of the Corps of Electoral Experts from the establishment until 2020. The analysis takes into account the graduated studies, the environment of origin (urban / rural), the age of the people who register. Starting with the general elections of 2016, for the first time the presidents of the electoral bureaux of the polling stations and their deputies were appointed by the Permanent Electoral Authority, in public session, announced 48 hours in advance before, by computerized lottery, organized at county level or at the level of the municipality of Bucharest 15 days before the election date, by positions, from the persons registered in the electoral experts body with domicile or residence in the respective county, based on the criterion of approaching the domicile or residence of the polling station, as well as on the criterion of completed studies.

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ДОЗВОЉЕНОСТ ЗАХТЕВА ЗА ПРЕИСПИТИВАЊЕ СУДСКЕ ОДЛУКЕ УПРАВНОГ СУДА У УСЛОВИМА РЕДОВНЕ УПРАВНОПРАВНЕ ЗАШТИТЕ

Author(s): Nevena Milenković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 93/2021

The successive impact of administrative law and administrative justice, their multiple correlations and mutual intertwining, is best reflected in the legal protection provided within the framework of administrative judicial procedure. Thus, the provision of extraordinary administrative court protection (as one and the only devolutive type of extraordinary legal remedy in administrative procedure) is pre-conditioned by exhausting the appeal as a regular legal remedy in administrative procedure. Starting from the thesis on the integral nature of administrative law and administrative court protection, the author discusses how the existence of a regular legal remedy, or the position of judicial practice on the (non)existence of appeal in the regular administrative judicial procedure, affects the party’s opportunity to protect itself by filing a request for an extraordinary review of the administrative court decision, envisaged in Article 49 of the Administrative Disputes Act (ADA) as an extraordinary legal remedy. The Administrative Disputes Act (ADA) envisages three types of situations in which the injured party may file a request for an extraordinary review of the judicial decision rendered by the Administrative Court. One of them refers to “the subject matter which excludes the possibility of filing an appeal in the course of administrative procedure”. Given that the current General Administrative Procedure Act (GAPA) envisages the possibility of filing an appeal and an objection as regular legal protection instruments, there is a question of the legal relevance of objection in terms of the admissibility of using the request for an extraordinary review of the Administrative Court decision. Can the objection be considered a regular legal remedy in administrative proceedings? If the answer is positive, the request under the ADA will be rejected, which further implies that the injured party will be deprived of legal protection. If the reply is negative, it would provide for a wider application of this request in practice. In practical terms, the position on this issue has a far broader scope and significance. Depending on the way of approaching the presented issues, taking one or the other position has a substantially different impact on the forthcoming reform of the administrative court protection system, particularly in terms of introducing the second-instance (appellate) administrative judiciary.

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Wydarzenia i ludzie początków prawnej ochrony przyrody w Polsce

Author(s): Antoni Skowroński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2005

The actions presented in the article does not exploit all the care about the nature which the most brilliant scientists and politicians were involved in. Since early years of XXth century, exept the national organisations of environmental protection and science initiatives, there has lasted legislative activity which has aimed to protect the nature. This is completely separe issue which demands separe study. All the undertakings and plans might be a sign of a Polish sense of responsibility for environment. Modern world needs people not only rich in knowledge but above all, sensitive for needs of other people and nature that surrounds us. If the history is the best life’s teacher, then maybe it is worth to use this experienced and instructive legacy of polish scientists and initiatives, which were taken for rescuing and creating the natural environment. This history lesson might teach us the correct organizing, management and environmental protection

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DIRECT PAYMENT TO SUBCONTRACTORS IN ROMANIAN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT

Author(s): Daniela Cîmpean / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Public procurement, the process by which public authorities purchase work, goods orservices, makes up a substantial part of the economies of the European Union Member States. Gradually it has become a significant area of EU regulation. It is the first time thatthe EU legislation on public procurement includes explicit rules on contract performance. A major innovation of the 2014 Directive is the introduction of rules regarding subcontracting. Regarding subcontracting, the new legislative package on public procurement had the following goals: the increasing of the participation of SMEs in the public procurement procedure, the guarantee that subcontractors comply with environmental, social and labor rules, the increasing of transparency in subcontracting and the granting to subcontractors of additional support in relation to a bad faith contractor by using the direct payment mechanism. Most of the new EU provisions give a vast discretionary power to the Member States and leave a lot of room for interpretation. The duty of the national legislator is to anchor the European regulation on public procurement contract performance to the national legal context and to create a framework that is clear and comprehensible. Otherwise, the regulation may lead to large variety of interpretations and legal uncertainty.The present study aims to explain and elucidate the multilayered instrument of direct payment to subcontractors, as seen by the romanian legislator. The study analyzes the provisions on direct payment to subcontractors, provisions that have been drafted carelessly,as if national legislator wished to shed darkness on the terms to which the contracting authority will be bound to with the subcontractor.

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OPŠTA NAČELA UGOVORNOG PRAVA I UPRAVNI UGOVOR

Author(s): Zoran Filipović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

An administrative contract is a specific contract with a special legal regime, subjects and characteristics that classify it as an institute between private and public law. The paper presents a comparative analysis of the general principles of contract law, and above all civil (private) law and administrative contract. This analysis should answer the questions of the basis of the contractual obligation, ie the basic elements that create a contractual obligation. The paper presents the most important principles, as well as general elements of the contract on the one hand and basic characteristics of the administrative contract on the other, in order to better understand their legal nature, similarities and differences, especially the legal nature of the administrative contract and its place in contract law.

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Obținerea consimțământului persoanei vizate în teorie și în practică

Author(s): Anita Boros / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The General Data Protection Regulation requires a much more transparent approach to gaining consent to process personal data. Many companies are running the risk of non-compliance with the law if they fail to address how data is obtained and the lack of true consent which data subjects currently give to their data being processed. In this study we will clarify the notion of consent and we will present some practical cases in which the data controllers need to pay attention to, to ensure that they use consent as a legal ground for data processing in accordance with applicable laws.

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Curtea de apel Cluj. Natura actelor emise în procedura disciplinară. Caracterul executoriu al acestora

Author(s): Dan Sebastian Chertes / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

Through the commented decision, the Cluj Court of Appeal established that the decisions of the disciplinary courts of the legal profession have the character of an administrative act, reason for which they become enforceable at the end of the procedure before these bodies, and their suspension can be ordered only through the procedures establish by the articles 14, and 15 of Law no. 554/2004, as their simple appeal before the administrative contentious court is not sufficient. It was also established that, as a body with powers to enforce the disciplinary decision, the bar council will communicate to the lawyer the moment when the disciplinary sanction is enforced.

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Repararea pagubelor aduse autorităţii sau instituţiei publice. Prescripţia dreptului la acţiune (Curtea de Apel Bucureşti, secţia a VIII-a contencios administrativ şi fiscal, decizia nr. 1245 din 20 martie 2017)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

Prin Sentinţa civilă nr. 5063 din 21 septembrie 2016, pronunţată de Tribunalul Bucureşti, secţia a II-a contencios administrativ şi fiscal, în Dosarul nr. X a fost admisă în parte acţiunea privind pe reclamanta Agenţia de Plăţi şi Intervenţie pentru Agricultură (A.P.I.A.) şi pe pârâta A., a fost obligată pârâtă la plata sumei de 1875 lei şi la dobânda legală aferentă acestei sume de la data introducerii acţiunii până la plata efectivă.

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Funcţionar public. Decizie de imputare. Lipsa procedurii prealabile prevăzută de art. 7 din Legea nr. 554/2004 (Curtea de Apel Piteşti, secţia contencios administrativ, decizia nr. 973 din 19 septembrie 2017, în Decizii relevante trim. III - 2017)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

Curtea a constatat că instanţa de fond a aplicat greşit legea, dispoziţiile de imputare putând fi atacate direct în instanţa de contencios administrativ fără a fi necesară îndeplinirea procedurii prealabile a contestaţiei administrative. În mod greşit Tribunalul a respins cererea de chemare în judecată ca inadmisibilă pentru lipsa procedurii prealabile.

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Funcţionar public. Dispoziţie de imputare. Momentul de la care începe să curgă termenul prevăzut de art. 85 alin. (1) din Legea nr. 188/1999 (Curtea de Apel Bacău, secţia a II‑a civilă, de contencios administrativ şi fiscal, decizia nr. 1515...)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2018

Asupra recursurilor în materia contenciosului administrativ de faţă constată următoarele: Cererea de chemare în judecată şi hotărârea pronunţată de tribunal în primă instanţă Prin cererea înregistrată la Tribunalul B. la data de 15.09.2016 sub nr. (…)/2016, reclamanta D. E. a solicitat, în contradictoriu cu pârâţii Consiliul Judeţean B. şi preşedintele Consiliului Judeţean B.., pronunţarea unei hotărâri prin care să se dispună anularea dispoziţiei nr. 228/2016, precum şi a dispoziţiei nr. 263/12.08.2016.

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Obiectul cererii de suspendare reglementat de art. 14 din Legea nr. 554/2004 – contractul individual de muncă (Curtea de Apel Ploieşti, secţia a II‑a civilă, de contencios administrativ şi fiscal, decizia nr. 2644 din 2 august 2018, autorul...)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2018

Obiectul cererii de suspendare reglementată de art. 14 din L. nr. 554/2004, condiţiile cumulativ prevăzute de legiuitor pentru a se putea dispune suspendarea executării actului administrativ, decizia de desfacere a contractului individual de muncă; natură juridică.

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Răspunderea civilă a funcţionarului public. Decizie de imputare. Termenul de decădere de 30 de zile de la constatarea pagubei (Curtea de Apel Bucureşti, secţia a IX‑a de contencios administrativ şi fiscal, decizia nr. 285 din data de 9 martie 2020)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3/2020

Spre deosebire de art. 85 alin. (3) din Legea nr. 188/1999, care stabileşte ca punct de plecare al termenului de prescripţie de 3 ani momentul producerii pagubei, art. 85 alin. (1) din acelaşi act normativ vorbeşte despre data constatării. Aşadar, dacă data producerii pagubei este un moment obiectiv, data constatării reprezintă un moment subiectiv, stabilit în funcţie de circumstanţele cauzei, la care emitentul actului a constatat sau avea toate elementele necesare constatării pagubei produse.

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Admitere excepţie de neconstituţionalitate. Dispoziţiilor art. 79 alin. (5) din Legea nr. 188/1999 privind Statutul funcţionarilor publici (dispoziţii preluate în art. 494 alin. (9) din O.U.G. nr. 57/2019 privind Codul administrativ, n.n.)...

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2020

CURTEA, având în vedere actele şi lucrările dosarelor, reţine următoarele: 12. Prin încheierile din 9 octombrie 2018, 12 aprilie 2019, 11 iunie 2019, 11 iunie 2020, 24 iunie 2020, 27 iulie 2020, pronunţate în dosarele nr. 6.164/95/2017, nr. 5.940/95/2017*, nr. 2.404/63/2018, nr. 5.451/63/2019, nr. 7.250/63/2019 şi nr. 3.025/1/2019, Tribunalul Gorj ‑ Secţia contencios administrativ şi fiscal, Tribunalul Dolj ‑ Secţia contencios administrativ şi fiscal, Curtea de Apel Craiova ‑ Secţia contencios administrativ şi fiscal şi Tribunalul Mehedinţi ‑ Secţia a II‑a civilă de contencios administrativ şi fiscal au sesizat Curtea Constituţională cu excepţia de neconstituţionalitate a prevederilor art. 79 alin. (5) din Legea nr. 188/1999 privind Statutul funcţionarilor publici. Excepţia a fost ridicată de Liviu Constantin Ungureanu şi de Sindicatul Administraţiei Publice „Forţa Legii”, care şi‑a schimbat denumirea în Sindicatul Naţional „Forţa Legii”, în calitate de intervenient accesoriu sau în numele membrilor de sindicat, în cause în care s‑a solicitat anularea actelor administrative de sancţionare disciplinară (ordin sau decizie) sau de destituire din funcţia publică.

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Măsura trecerii în rezervă a unui cadru militar dispusă în considerarea aceloraşi fapte pentru care ulterior a fost pronunţată o hotărâre penală definitivă de condamnare. Constatarea de către CEDO a încălcării drepturilor şi libertăţilor fundamentale

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2020

Lipsa atacării în termen a ordinului de trecere în rezervă nu este de natură să determine respingerea ca inadmisibilă a acţiunii având ca obiect constatarea existenţei unui refuz nejustificat al autorităţii pârâte de emitere a unui act administrativ de remediu, promovată în considerearea aspectelor reţinute în hotărârea Curţii Europene a Drepturilor Omului (şi, ulterior, în deciziile penale de revizuire), referitoare la faptele pentru care fusese atrasă, într‑o manieră incompatibilă cu exigenţele convenţionale, atât răspunderea penală, cât şi cea administrativă a reclamantului.

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Contestaţie modalitate de acordare diferenţiată a sporului de condiţii periculoase, respectiv a cuantumului acestuia. Interpretare greşită a deciziei ICCJ nr. 9/2017 de către instanţa de fond. Neanalizarea pe fond a solicitării reclamantei...

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Atunci când pretenţiile angajaţilor nu rezultă dintr‑o încadrare/reîncadrare pretins nelegală, ci vizează obligarea angajatorului la plata unor drepturi salariale neacordate, precum şi atunci când angajatorul nu a emis un act administrativ/act adiţional la contractul individual de muncă ori actul respectiv nu a fost comunicat angajaţilor, admisibilitatea cererii de chemare în judecată cu care salariatul a învestit instanţa specializată în litigii de muncă nu este condiţionată de parcurgerea procedurii prealabile.

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Drepturi salariale funcţionari. Revocarea pentru viitor a efectelor unui act administrativ de stabilire a drepturilor salariale. Legalitate. Înlăturare pentru trecut a efectelor actului administrativ de stabilire a drepturilor salariale...

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Dat fiind faptul că cea care solicită instanţei să constate nelegalitatea actului administrativ individual este chiar autoritatea emitentă a acestuia, Curtea a reţinut că acestui subiect procesual îi sunt aplicabile prevederile art. 1 alin. 6 şi nu cele ale art. 4 alin. 1 din Legea nr. 554/2004. A statua asupra admisibilităţii prezentei excepţii de nelegalitate ar semnifica înlăturarea mecanismului legal special pus la dispoziţie de legiuitor tocmai pentru a acomoda cele două principii aflate în discuţie: cel al legalităţii care determină atitudinea autorităţii de a‑şi revoca sau de a solicita instanţei anularea propriul act şi cel al securităţii raporturilor juridice care urmăreşte respectarea drepturilor conferite particularilor care s‑au încrezut, cu bună credinţă, în actele administrative emise. Principiul revocabilităţii actelor administrative este unul de bază în doctrina şi practica administrativă. Aplicarea concretă a acestuia trebuie însă să respecte principiul stabilităţii raporturilor juridice. Limitarea efectelor în timp a efectelor revocării reprezintă o măsură aptă să conducă la împlinirea acestuia. Actul administrativ prin care se stabileşte salariul unui funcţionar public este unul care produce efecte periodic, el consumându‑şi efectele lunar, la încasarea fiecărei indemnizaţii. Totodată trebuie subliniat faptul că nu există consacrat un drept al funcţionarului public la dobândirea, în viitor, a unor prestaţii într‑una numit cuantum cu titlu de remuneraţie.

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Act administrativ emis de agenţia judeţeană pentru plăţi şi inspecţie socială. Adopţie. Dreptul la concediu de acomodare şi la indemnizaţia aferentă. Condiţii. Situaţia minorului dat în plasament adoptatorului anterior adopţiei

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

Tribunalul a stabilit corect situaţia de fapt la care a interpretat şi aplicat legal prevederile art. 45 alin. (1) lit. c) şi art. 50 alin. (1) din Legea nr. 273/2004, deoarece indemnizaţia pentru concediul de acomodare se acordă în condiţiile în care copilul i s‑ar fi încredinţat anterior adopţiei pentru acomodare. Or, în cauză, copilul minor se afla în plasament la recurenta‑reclamantă din anul 2013 astfel încât încredinţarea în vederea adopţiei nu mai avea nicio relevanţă şi nicio justificare raportat la prevederile art. 45 alin. 1 lit. c) din Legea nr. 273/2004. Atât dreptul la concediul de acomodare, cât şi dreptul la indemnizaţia aferentă acestui concediu sunt condiţionate de încredinţarea minorului spre adopţie în vederea acomodării, atât durata concediului de acomodare, cât şi plata indemnizaţiei făcându‑se în raport de data punerii în executare a hotărârii judecătoreşti de încredinţare în vederea adopţiei.

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