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ELIO VITTORINI E CESARE PAVESE: FUGA E RITORNO ALLA TERRA MADRE E ALL’INFANZIA TRA REALTÀ E ASTRAZIONE SIMBOLICA

Author(s): Marcella Di Franco / Language(s): Italian Issue: 8/2019

The essay aims to investigate the theme of escape and return to the motherland in Elio Vittorini compared with the carefree innocence of childhood in Cesare Pavese. Central figures in Italian literature of the first half of the twentieth century, to both authors, the land of origin and childhood lost and regretted, become emblems of escapism in “space” and “time” from an alienating reality and only apparently accepted. In Vittorini the nostos returning to his island, rises to the paradigm of an offended humanity, of the pain of the world, mythical space, timeless, primordial land, immersed in a fantastic aura, pervaded by the poignant desire to “return” to an innocent place, away from the existential anguish and ugliness of history. The chronotope of childhood and the “mother -Earth” returns insisted also in Cesare Pavese opposing the civilization of progress, the industrial reality that Italy was experiencing after the Second World War which made it impossible to return nostalgic to a romantic civilization - decadent, with its atavistic values now at sunset.

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SCRITTORE-TRADUTTORE E CULTURA LETTERARIA EUROPEA

Author(s): Eva Mesárová / Language(s): Italian Issue: 6/2018

In accordance with the results of the research of literary critics, regarding Landolfi´s knowledge of Russian authors we suggest several researches, which relate to the connections between the works of Russian writers (Pushkin, Gogol, Dostoevsky, and Tolstoy) and the fantastic stories of Tommaso Landolfi. The aim of the paper is to examine Landolfi's work with particular regard to his work as a translator. It emphasizes the close connection between the author's writings and the Russian culture, which was the subject of his university studies and a source of lasting inspiration for his works.

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EPIDEMIC AS METAPHOR: THE ALLEGORICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF EPIDEMIC ACCOUNTS IN LITERATURE

Author(s): Mohammed Naser Hassoon / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2021

Epidemic as Metaphor: The Allegorical Significance of Epidemic Accounts in Literature. Our paper searches for those common elements in selected literary representations of the plagues that have affected humanity. As a theoretical framework for our research, we have considered the contributions of Peta Michell, who equals pandemic with contagion and sees it as a metaphor; Susan Sontag views illness as a punishment or a sign, the subject of a metaphorization. Christa Jansohn sees the pest as a metaphor for an extreme form of collective calamity. For René Girard, the medical plague is a metaphor for the social plague, and Gilles Deleuze thinks that fabulation is a “health enterprise.” From the vast library of the pandemic, we have selected examples from Antiquity to the 19th century: Thucydides, Lucretius, Boccaccio, Daniel Defoe, Mary Shelley, Edgar Allan Poe, and Jack London. For Camus, the plague is an allegory of evil, oppression and war. Our paper explores the lessons learned from these texts, irrespective of their degree of factuality or fictionality, pointing out how the plague is used metaphorically and allegorically to reveal a more profound truth about different societies and humanity.

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Maska czy gęba? Operetka Witolda Gombrowicza w kontekście komedii dell’arte

Author(s): Nadzieja Bąkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2020

The article is an attempt at placing Operetka (Operetta) in the context of commedia dell’arte by comparing the basic structural and ideological characteristics of Witold Gombrowicz’s drama with the key traits of the commedia dell’arte genre. The author of Ferdydurke, who coined the phrase przyprawiać (komuś) gębę (put the screws to someone’s mug), brings to the grotesque distortion any manifestations of form domination both in life and in art. Ironically, it is the elements of Operetka, related to commedia dell’arte – a thoroughly conventionalised and schematised genre, that become the tool for a sort of removal of mask or mug. Given the mask, protagonists are given “a mug”, and cannot be themselves, they can only be what is allowed by the mask they were given and so they become its prisoner, in a way. The only antidote to “the mug” is nudity that frees one from any mask that forces them to play the designated roles. The article aims to present the relationship between Operetka and the commedia dell’arte genre, with particular emphasis on analysing the Gombrowicz’s concept of form against the convention of mask and costume in the commedia dell’arte, and on the “nudity” vs. “mask” opposition that focuses the drama’s main artistic and existential issues, while it is also precisely the point where the relationship between Gombrowicz’s work and Italian commedia dell’arte is seen most clearly.

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Sztuka radości i praktyka anarchii. O powieści Goliardy Sapienzy i kilku polskich utworach

Author(s): Katarzyna Lisowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2020

The article discusses the Polish translation (2018) of Goliarda Sapienza’s novel L’arte della gioia (The Art of Joy, in Polish Sztuka radości, trans. by Tomasz Kwiecień) in relation to the selected works of Inga Iwasiów and Sylwia Zientek. Anarchism, which provides the ideological background of the Italian book, serves as the basic point of reference for this interpretation. The author points to the issues from Sapienza’s novel which are important from the perspective of anarchism and which can also be found in the Polish texts mentioned in the article. The aim of this analysis is to discuss the context in which The Art of Joy functions in Poland and to suggest the possible lines of interpretation that can be drawn between this novel and contemporary Polish literature.

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Jam recenzent, nie policjant. Z perspektywy recenzenta przekładów współczesnej włoskiej literatury w Polsce po 2000 roku

Author(s): Hanna Serkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2020

The article is an overview of Polish translations of Italian literature published between 2000 and 2020. The presentation aims to capture the characteristic phenomena of the domestic market of translations from Italian to Polish in times dominated by capitalism and the new media. The author contemplates the role of the reviewer/literary critic in these new conditions, and asks whether reviewers/literary critics can still drive the readers’ choices and receptions, and shape their knowledge and awareness.

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“Nato nella medesima terra irrigua”. D’Annunzio, ultimo erede di Ovidio

Author(s): Donato Galiastro / Language(s): Italian Issue: 39/2020

Throughout Gabriele d’Annunzio’s vast and multiform productions, Ovid’s presence shines through with the strength of a model both ancient and modern. Since his years at the “Cicognini”, he feels bound to Ovid by a similarity “in lyrical ways” and by a relationship of “consanguinity” based on their common origins. The assiduity in Ovid’s readings, testified to by the large number of volumes of the Augustan poet in the library of the Vittoriale, is reflected in a dense network of echoes – some perspicuous, others subtle – that can be found in the Vate’s most famous works. During his twilight years, d’Annunzio’s nocturnal exploration finds singular affinities with the Ovidian elegies of exile to which he feels attracted the most. Even in the nascent silent film industry, d’Annunzio, creator and forerunner of fashions, sees a prodigious form of visual art that has in Ovid a millenary antecedent. Beyond the unavoidable differences separating the two temporally distant authors, the paper attempts to outline an overall profile of the correspondences and possible equations between d’Annunzio and Ovid without pretense of exhaustiveness. In the wake of perspectives inaugurated by distinguished masters, it is an attempt to offer cues for interpreting, from the vestiges of classicism, d’Annunzio’s art within the Ovidian framework.

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Gustaw Herling-Grudziński e la letteratura italiana del XX secolo

Author(s): Alessandro Ajres / Language(s): Italian Issue: 39/2020

Magdalena Śniedziewska’s book discusses a theme in Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s works which has not been thoroughly researched, i.e. their relationship with Italian literature. This is how we discover Herling-Grudziński as a writer who is simultaneously a great literary critic who looks eagerly and with both interest (sometimes) and passion at the work of such authors as Nicola Chiaromonte, Ignazio Silone, Alberto Moravia, Luigi Pirandello, Tomasi di Lampedusa and Leonardo Sciascia. The opening chapter of the book discusses Herling-Grudziński’s condition as an emigrant and the changes in his attitude to Naples which became his second home after World War II; the final chapter is about the Polish writer’s difficult relationship with Italian book market, reconstructing the story of the reception of Inny świat (A World Apart) in Italy.

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CELL-PHONE NOVELS: UN PUNTO DI VISTA LINGUISTICO-LETTERARIO (E SOCIO-CULTURALE) DIETRO IL FENOMENO DEI ROMANZI SU CELLULARE IN ITALIA

Author(s): Mariantonia Tramite / Language(s): Italian Issue: 11/2021

The following paper will be examining the socio-literary phenomenon of cell-phone novels born in Japan (originally known as keitai shousetsu) in the early years of the 2000s and subsequently spread to the Western countries, including America and Europe. In the subsequent paragraphs, there lies a description regarding the nature, the genesis and the structure of these works on mobile phones, including some examples of these successful novels which will be listed and presented (from the native land and the American and the European areas as well, especially from the German-speaking ones) and have been able to shake the publishing market, as well as illustrating the phenomenon from a linguistic and literary point of view, which reveals similarities with the language of SMS and chats. One of the key-objectives is to clarify the reasons why cell-phone novels have not discovered fertile ground in Italy: although some socio-cultural reasons behind their lack of success in this country are suggested, there are still alternative literary genres collimating with new technologies to be found, such as "hybrid novels" from the "digital" or "electronic literature". The signals of the changing literature are present: in the future, there lies the hope to continue observing the evolution of writing and reading, as well as their role in the digital age alongside the technological development.

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Jadwiga Toeplitz-Mrozowska i Gabriele D’Annunzio. Historia krótkiej znajomości

Author(s): Monika Gurgul / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The article discusses an episode in the biographies of Jadwiga Toeplitz-Mrozowska, an actress, traveler, writer, as well as the wife of one of the most influential Italian bankers of the 1920s, and Gabriele D’Annunzio, a poet, patriot, and author of many scandals. They most likely met only once, at the end of 1927. However, their acquaintance survived for three more years, sustained by correspondence. The purpose of the article is to trace this relationship and factors that influenced its character. The analysis is based on the documents preserved both in the Jagiellonian Library in Kraków and in the poet’s archive at the Vittoriale degli Italiani in Gardone Riviera.

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Il viaggio nel sogno del Polifilo: tra il locus horridus e il locus amoenus

Author(s): Magdalena Bartkowiak-Lerch / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2020

The aim of this paper is to propose a lecture of some initial passages of Hypnerotomachia Poliphili, written by Francesco Colonna and published in 1499. First, we try to go through the tradition of descritpio locorum in ancient rhetoric treatises and the literary production, with respect to two frequent topoi: locus amoenus and locus horridus. We also follow their formal modifications in the Middle Ages, as Colonna draws both from the ancient and medieval tradition in its own construction of loci. Our premise is that the place description in the Colonna’s opera, apart from being an important support for the narrative thread, plays an important structural role by ordinating events and helping that way their memorization. Moreover, the setting of imagery elements of the described places offers a clear interpretation key to the allegorical journey of Polifilo.

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Gabriele Pedullà, Machiavelli in Tumult. The Discourses on Livy and the Origins of Political Conflictualism

Author(s): Davorin Žagar / Language(s): English Issue: 04/2021

Review of: Davorin Žagar - Gabriele Pedullà, Machiavelli in Tumult. The Discourses on Livy and the Origins of Political Conflictualism, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2018, 284 pp.

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Mirza Mejdanija, Prikaz društva u književnosti italijanskog neorealizma

Author(s): Matej Vrebac / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5-8/2020

The review of: Mirza Mejdanija, Prikaz društva u književnosti italijanskog neorealizma; Dobra knjiga, Sarajevo, 2020.

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Petar II Petrović Njegoš u putopisima na italijanskom jeziku

Author(s): Olivera Popović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 37/2021

The paper examines the presentation of the life and works of Peter II Petrović Njegoš in Italian travelogues published on the occasion of the royal wedding which united the dynasties of Savoy and Petrović in 1896. At that time, a large quantity of travelogues about Montenegro were published in Italian, surpassing the number of those that had been published over the previous two centuries. These books offer rich material for studying the ways in which important figures in Montenegrin history and culture, such as Njegoš, were presented to an Italian readership, as well as for determining the function that these representations had. A thematic approach to these books enables an insight into the discourse that these authors adhered to in their effort to introduce the Italians to one of the famous ancestors of their future queen.

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Le Corp de Eleonora Fonseca de la Menarque à La Ménopause Dans IL Resto DI Niente de Enzo Striano

Author(s): Naziha Amarnia / Language(s): French Issue: 29/2021

In 1986, Enzo Striano published Il resto di niente, a historical novel whose events revolve around the controversial figure of the Jacobin poet and patriot Eleonora Fonseca Pimentel. The educational and existential journey of the protagonist of Il resto di niente goes hand in hand with the physical development (and its decline) of the female body in which the poet lives. Lenòr’s physical development symbolically opens and closes coinciding with the start and end of the menstrual cycle of the essence itself, that is, of her existence as a woman and, even more symbolically, with the presence of King Ferdinand (real or imagined) to mark her origin and epilogue. Between these two crucial moments, Lenòr Fonseca’s female body undergoes a whole series of changes due not only to aging and emotional suffering, but also to pregnancy and a subsequent abortion, caused by the beatings of her husband. Enzo Striano follows step by step the physical evolution of the protagonist of Il resto di niente, which at times seems to go beyond the psychological, making the novel also a kind of failed Bildungsroman.

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BLAŽE KONESKI E DANTE ALIGHIERI – OMAGGIO AI POETI E ALLA POESIA

Author(s): Anastasija Gjurčinova / Language(s): Italian Issue: 12/2021

2021 marks two important centenaries: it is both 100 years from the birth of the Macedonian poet Blaže Koneski, and 700 years from the death of the father of the Italian language, Dante Alighieri. This paper compares the two authors, discussing their poetic ideas and their position in their respective cultures. The comparison is proposed from the point of view of the symbiosis of the role of poet and linguist in their important cultural contribution, of a national character, in particular in their commitment to the constitution of the literary language. Furthermore, both poets followed their "poetic intuition" in order to give a particular vitality to their linguistic conceptions. Finally, Koneski's poem entitled "Dante" is analysed, where the Macedonian author reflects some of his most intimate existential dilemmas in a creative dialogue with the great Italian poet.

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IL CORPO MATERNO NELL’AMORE MOLESTO DI ELENA FERRANTE

Author(s): Sanja N. Kobilj Ćuić / Language(s): Italian Issue: 12/2021

This paper proposes a new reading of the novel L’Amore molesto by Elena Ferrante, through the analysis of the relationship of the narrative voice of the daughter, Delia, with the maternal body, but also with her own inhibited sexuality. Literary daughters deny their own body and focus on that of the mother which is often experienced in two different ways: as an idealized body or as an object that is part of the way this body is perceived by patriarchy. Analyzing the novel, we will try to show how the process of building a daughter's identity goes through the initial denial of the mother, accepting the mother as a person to building a self-accepting subjectivity.

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Luigi Pirandello și măștile personajului.Modelul actanțial al metateatrului în piesa Șase personaje în căutarea unui autor

Author(s): Madalina Stoica / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

In the history of universal theatre, Luigi Pirandello's Six Characters in Search of an Author stands out as one of the best known and most translated plays of the early 20th century. Despite its current popularity, the play did not have are sounding success on its debut. With what the critics called a succès de scandale, the play initially conflicted with the audience’s expectations, taking into account the dramatic story of the characters, but also the unusual prospect of staging a conflict between the characters and the actors. This has probably led the Italian playwright to modify the initial text several times between 1921 and 1925. Today, 100 years after its debut, Six Characters in Search of an Author is the play that proposes Luigi Pirandello in the gallery of the great European playwrights, together with Samuel Beckett or Eugène Ionesco. In addition to the drama of the characters, long subjected to interpretation by literary critics, I consider that the play is worthy of discussion in the current context due to the innovative dramatic techniques that combine the avantgarde and the absurd. Therefore, the present paper aims to examine those peculiarities of a type of theatre that intuits the Theatre of the Absurd of the mid-20thcentury: the elements of the metatheatre, the self-reflective discourse, the actant model, the absurd relation between fiction and reality.

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Nasilje nad ženama u noveli ‘Nastađo delji Onesti’ (Dekameron, v.8) Đovanija Bokača

Author(s): Sanja N. Kobilj Ćuić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 83-84/2021

The paper offers a new interpretation of ‘The Story of Nastagio Degli Onesti’ (V.8), which calls into question traditional interpretations of this novella. The emphasis is on the topic of violence against women, which has not been sufficiently addressed by critics, but also on Boccaccio’s idea of symbiosis between aristocracy and the emerging merchant class. The analysis is structured around the concept of ethical reading based on American feminist critique of Boccaccio’s work. The idea is to recognize and analyze the rhetorical strategies present in the storytelling process that neutralize the unethical actions of certain characters. Through this process, the reader renews the dialogue with the work in which the basic ideas of the text itself are re examined, along with the reader’s own ethical views.

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CHINESE GARDENS AS A NATIVITY SCENE: MATTEO RIPA’S DESCRIPTION OF THE KANGXI EMPEROR’S CHANGCHUN GARDEN IN BEIJING

Author(s): Albert Kozik / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2021

This article examines the description of the Changchun Garden in eighteenth-century Beijing, featured in Matteo Ripa’s Storia della Fondazione della Congregazione e del Collegio de’ Cinesi. An Italian missionary at the court of the Kangxi Emperor, Ripa had a chance to see and describe both the imperial parks and the intricacies of Chinese court etiquette. His detailed account, a precious source of information on the Changchun park, was accompanied by commentaries aimed at explaining the differences between “European” and “Chinese” aesthetic values. Therefore, this article offers a critical analysis of the account as a historical source, discussing the accuracy of some of the details described by Ripa, and subsequently provides an interpretation of the way he perceived Chinese parks, with an emphasis on his explanations of the “Chinese style” of laying out gardens. Finally, the last part of the article is dedicated to a comparison between a Neapolitan nativity scene (presepio) and the Qing gardens as drawn by Ripa at the end of his description, in order to demonstrate the “artificial naturalness” of Chinese parks.

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