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Florencja Manganellego. Geometria i sen

Author(s): Małgorzata Ślarzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The topic of this article is Florence as seen by Giorgio Manganelli, one of the most interesting 20th century Italian men of letters, who devoted a large part of his works to subjective accounts of numerous journeys. Florence viewed by Manganelli – particularly described in sketches from the collection: La favola pitagorica. Luoghi italiani (2005; texts about Florence come from 1982–1988), but also in other works, i.a. those in Emigrazioni oniriche (2023), the most recent collection of Manganelli’s writings dedicated to art – appears to be subjected to the precise and flexible rules of fairy-tale geometry dictated by the evil ruler of the Baptistery. Fairy-tale quality and oneiric geometrical disputes seem to organise the space of a spectral and unobvious Florence as seen by Manganelli. The author explores the most prominent Florentine churches: Santa Maria Novella, Santa Maria del Fiore, San Lorenzo, Santa Croce, and Santo Spirito in Oltrarno, but also tours galleries and exhibitions, being particularly interested in Galleria degli Uffizi. Owing to the disclosure of a network of conflicts within its architectural-fairy tale layout Florence manages to get rid of the false labels of a “beautiful city”, a “masterpiece”, which the author found so discouraging. The text also takes into consideration the recently published collection of reminiscences by Manganiello’s daughter, Lietta (Giorgio Manganelli. Aspettando che l’Inferno cominci a funzionare, 2022).

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Jeśli italską nocą podróżny

Author(s): Paweł Drabarczyk vel Grabarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The small-scale Qfwfq. Opowieści artystów w ruchu (Qfwfq. Storie di artisti in movimento / Stories of Artists in Motion) exhibition held at the Italian Culture Institute, organised to mark the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Italo Calvino, reminds that old images of Italy assume new meanings and certain figures of thinking about Italy succumb to erosion and crumble while others have to be deciphered anew. The author examines several select motifs cocreating the substance of the exhibition, which redefine the Italian landscape in its “exuberant”, “cosmicomics” editions inscribed into the imaginarium of loftiness: images of mountains, volcanoes, and seas. The latter disclose the contemporary experience of travelling, and we encounter in them a particular motion – a journey of the senses, examined by the author while delving into reflections borrowed from books by Italo Calvino

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Niewłoskie pejzaże Włoch. O spojrzeniu Luigiego Ghirriego

Author(s): Aleksandra Sołtysik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

Italian photographer Luigi Ghirri (1949–1992), had a unique approach to space and landscape, which was reflected in his works. In this article, the author tries to trace the implementation of this idea on the example of several photographs of the Italian province. The interpretative key to reading Ghirri’s photographs, as well as the image of provincial areas in northern Italy emerging from them, is the juxtaposition of the popular postcard image of Italy with the emptiness of the non-places discovered by the photographer.

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Osjenjenost Danteom

Author(s): Mato Nedić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 117-118/2024

Review of: Marina Čapalija: Terze rime, Matica hrvatska, Split, 2023.

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Besnikëri dhe fantazi në pasqyrimin e epokës dhe figurës së Skënderbeut në letërsinë arbëreshe

Author(s): Klara Kodra / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 03-04/2018

This paper examines from a new perspective the problem of reflecting Scanderbeg era and figure in Arbëresh literature, something which has been investigated by various scholars. Under investigation here is the relationship between the reflection of historical reality in terms of mimesis (the most faithful reproduction of the reality) and artistic transformation, based on writer’s ideals. Historical hays are in themselves a composition between literature and history. Close faithfulness/loyalty to history is not indispensable, but the risk of excessive idealism or the myth of historical figures, which in today’s terms is perceived by the most professional reader, must be avoided. This study mentions great figures such as Girolamo De Rada, Gabriele Dara, Giuseppe Schird, less Giuseppe Serembe, who accepted the challenge of drawing the figure of the National Hero and drew it in a very original way. Writers not so much known as well have been taken into consideration, such as Cosmo Serembe, Bernardo Bilotta, Angelo Nociti, who approached the historical reality in their epic poems and dealt with special aspects of Scanderbeg era and figure, which were set aside by their outstanding compatriots. The paper analyses poems, lyrics and historical novels of the abovementioned authors, as well as pseudo-historical works, such as those of the incredibly prolific writer Santori. Skanderbeg’s figure has been portrayed as a leader, a statesman who defended and united Albanians, as well as a Christian knight and protector of European culture. Arbëresh literary works show the Skanderbeg’s image as a myth, consistent with the patriotic message and romantic spirit, but they also reflect a goal to discover in him the objective essence as a historical figure and as a human being.

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Rapsodi të pabotuara të F. A. Santorit: cikli “Kënka jushtërore” (Këngët e luftës)

Author(s): Merita Sauku-Bruci,Zeqirja Neziri / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 03-04/2018

This study will focus on the less known aspect of one of the leading representatives of the glorious pleiades of 19th century Arbëresh writers, Francesco Antonio Santori (1819-1894). It also aims to reevaluate his literary activity and to affirm the materials which are preserved on the archive of the Institute of Linguistics and Literature of ASA. The study is divided into three topics: a) the interest of Santori for the great Albanian period of Scanderbeg wars against the ottoman invador, b) the manuscript analysis of heroic songs c) the connection with the Albanian heroic epic. Through the three main topics, well known or partly researched aspects of this prominent figure of Arbëresh and Albanian history of literature are illuminated. At the same time, the article shows that Santori was in direct connection with the general Arbëresh, Italian and European political, cultural and literary efforts. Through the analysis of eleven of the brave songs of cycle “Kënka jushtërore”, based on the manuscript which is stored in the archive IGJL (ASA - Tirana), it is shown that the cultural and literary aspects of F. A. Santori’s songs are clearly distinguished from the publications of Jeronim de Rada. They particulary emerge in descriptive breadth (quantitative length and width of the subject), as well as in the scope and depth of raising and building the subject of song motifs, and, last but not least, in the field of the literary genre that he has pursued. At the level of the creative process Santori’s rhapsody has followed a long singed epic technique. This way songs of this manuscript are evidence of a new type of the Albanian epic singing, which has been raised and built on a prosperous several centuries old heritage.

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Përrallëzat “e Santorit” - përkthim/ krijimtari/ përshtatje - motive dhe burime

Author(s): Arian Leka / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 03-04/2019

Starting from the evaluation of those scholars who consider Francesco A. Santori as one of the earliest and most original authors in translating, remodeling, and creating fables in Albanian literature, the article aims to look at, evaluate and define the fables of this writer within structural and typological relations. The classification according to addressing references requires the division of this work into: Aesop’s fables, which at the centre of the narrative have human relations; Fables that develop narration through zoomorphic characters; Fables that develop through floral and bioworld themes; Fables with elements and characters intertwined. This creativity of Santori is seen as part of a wider catalogue of sources and motives, picking up religious, social and political themes, historical themes, or motifs-fables that have served as an ethical guide. The paper aims to explore Santori’s fables versus the Perry Index, which classifies Aesop’s fables, examining them not only directly related to the original model, but also investigating some of their deviations, re-creations, remodels, and adaptations that, if not independent authorship, distinguish the tendency towards creativity and autonomous art.

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MACHIAVELLI E I CONFLITTI ‘HORRENDI’, MA NECESSARI

Author(s): Luigi Bruno / Language(s): Italian Issue: 5/2024

The article addresses the issue of conflict, the concept of which has divided and united various intellectuals over the centuries. Niccolò Machiavelli defines it as a necessary moment of growth, one could say that he considers it as an instrument of freedom. He brings as an example the Roman Republic in whose society there was the “conflict” between patricians and plebeians (Discourses, book 1, chap. 4). Other intellectuals, like Girolamo Savonarola, Erasmus of Rotterdam, Etienne de La Boétie, Francesco Guicciardini, Thomas More, Baldassarre Castiglione, and the “Polish Machiavelli” Krzysztof Warszewicki, address the topic of conflict, giving it a different meaning that will be analyzed in the article. The reflection, therefore, focuses on a broader meaning of the term conflict: today we should confront those who give this term a negative connotation and those who manage to distinguish a deeper meaning that hides within it the seed of democracy and freedom.

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“Filologia totale” e “romenità interiore”: Idee dalla lettura di due Festschriften per Cino Renzi (con una noticina su ‘Dante giudice terreno’)

Author(s): Zeno Verlato / Language(s): Italian Issue: Suppl. 1/2023

The article is the transcript of a lecture given in Padua for the presentation of two Festschriften in honor of Lorenzo Renzi. In the opening, the value of Festschriften as an act of the living relations on which the university body is based is discussed. The examination of the contents of the two volumes involves two different issues. The first is that of Renzi’s “total philology” as an effect of his method and his personality as a scholar. Second is the concept of “inner Romanity,” introduced to explain Renzi’s view of philology not only as a key to understanding the “history of humanity” but also the “humanity of history.” A brief note is included at the end, examining the concept of Dante as earthly judge proposed in Roberto Antonelli’s essay.

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Тяло и идентичност в италианската литература на ХХ век: Примо Леви

Author(s): Radeya Gesheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

The 20th-century Italian literature offers new interpretations of long-standing concepts. Such is the case of the body. It can be associated with the individual’s presence, assertion and affirmation in society. At the same time, the body is related to the concept of identity. It has different aspects that are explored in this study. Finally, the paper analyzes Primo Levi’s novel If This Is a Man in order to answer the research question of what the role of identity is in the formation of the body, respectively the personality. The novel raises questions related to the collective’s construction and to the individual’s preservation. The author proposes an interpretation of the stages through which the body goes – from its appearance through the personality’s constitution to the attempt to erase it.

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„Le mage du Kremlin“ Giuliano da Empoli: la fiction minerait-elle le réel?

Author(s): Pavlina Ribarova / Language(s): English,Italian Issue: 1/2024

This study first presents the novel Le Mage du Kremlin (The Wizard of the Kremlin)by Giuliano da Empoli, which, crowned by the Grand Prix of the French Academy, has had very good press since its publication in 2022. Then, it provides an analysis of the structure, style and event aspect in Da Empoli’s first novel. It dwells on the local colour, the retrospective discourse, the importance of the portraits and the specificity of the events described to bring out the powerful human message of the book, the topicality of which shocks and dazzles.

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From the Geographical Dimension to the Ecological Perspective in Pasolini’s Literature and Film

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From the Geographical Dimension to the Ecological Perspective in Pasolini’s Literature and Film

Author(s): Georgios Katsantonis / Language(s): English Issue: 47/2024

The environmental aspects in Pasolini’s work go far beyond Pasolini’s famous L’articolo delle lucciole (Firefly Article) (1975). These aspects take shape, above all, in his interest in the transformation of the space, that is of the Italian environment controlled by a new, permissive fascism, a power without a face that is the worst kind of totalitarianism. The poet and writer focuses on the period of the so-called economic boom, which hit Italy after World War II. This article examines the potential contributions of Pasolini's intellectual agenda to contemporary ecocritical thought, built on the analysis of Pasolini’s selected works between literary writing and writing for the cinema. The objectives of this contribution include the possibility of a new reading of Pier Paolo Pasolini’s poetry, literature, and cinema under an ecocritical light, which presupposes an evaluation of his work that takes into account the relationship which the author determines between the individual of his own time and the surrounding environment, redefining the balance between literature and landscape.

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“Queste morti frammentate che ricorrono per lo spazio della vita come rime lugubri”. Saggio sulle metafisiche interstiziali di Alberto Savinio

Author(s): Giuseppe Crivella / Language(s): Italian Issue: 12/2024

The text analyzes a specific part of Alberto Savinio's very rich production, focusing in particular on three works: Narrate, uomini, la vostra storia, Maupassant e l’altro, Nuova Enciclopedia. The essay seeks to develop a set of interconnected reflections having as their thematic center the notion of metaphysics, which Savinio continued to investigate for years, always choosing different perspectives to focus on its many aspects. In the first section, after a careful contextualization of the issue, the essay will focus on a series of texts drawn from the nonfiction production. Here some structures of the Italian writer's mental and creative universe will be considered, such as, for example, that negative gnoseology that characterizes his writing, belonging to the dimension of the unconceptualizable. In the second section, a comparison between the lives of Gemito and Maupassant will be proposed. The biographies of these two artists will be studied in the light of a cross-reading aimed at identifying the method of investigation that Savinio employs to penetrate the lives of characters seen as key-figures to illustrate some typical elements of his own poetic vision. The third section will focus entirely on the original idea of the Encyclopedia that Savinio elaborates since the 1940s, often resorting to forms and modules proper to many examples of fantastic literature. That is why the article focuses especially on a headword such as /giostra/, in order to show the way in which the Italian writer works in the thickness of language to bring out its reposed potential for inventiveness.

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«Fa ritratto alla Luna»: la musica negli scritti di Agostino Mascardi (1590–1640)

Author(s): Marina Toffetti / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2024

The essay examines for the first time in a systematic way the references to music andthe musical metaphors that dot the rhetorical writings of Agostino Mascardi (1590–1640), a central figure of Roman culture in the first decades of the seventeenth century,analyzing with particular attention his speech Della dialettica e della musica (1627).In December 1621, shortly after moving to Genoa, Mascardi was appointed readerof the local Accademia degli Addormentati and began a commentary on the Tavoladi Cebete tebano, a philosophical-moral dialogue then attributed to the Pythagoreanphilosopher Cebes and now traced back to the philosophical schools of the 1st–2ndcentury AD. The work consists of the description (ecphrasis) of the images painted ina votive painting that alluded to the path that leads man to reach wisdom and virtue.The rhetorician’s commentary would flow into the Discorsi morali su la Tavola di Cebetetebano (Venice, 1627), a work divided into four parts and composed of 35 speecheswoven with quotations from the greatest ancient (Plato, Seneca, Homer, Virgil) andmodern (Dante, Petrarca, Ariosto, Tasso, Lipsius) philosophers and poets.The third speech of the third part, entitled Della dialettica e della musica (On dialecticsand music), is in fact almost entirely dedicated to the art of music and includes nume-rous quotations referring to music taken from ancient and modern poetic-literary andphilosophical works. In addition to identifying most of the sources of these references,the essay questions their meaning and notes, in this and other rhetorical writings byMascardi (such as the Orationi of 1622), the presence of numerous passages in whichmusic is evoked as a metaphor for the process of interior transformation, as well asupdated musical terms and references to modern compositional procedures or perfor-mance practice (ricercata, groppo, passaggio). Finally, a reflection is proposed on howmuch the references to music identified in Mascardi’s works can reveal about musicalculture and the way in which a prominent intellectual of the early seventeenth centuryconceived and lived the art of music.

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Elementi sicilijanskog, venetskog i napuljskog dijalekta u nekim savremenim italijanskim romanima

Author(s): Zana ZEČEVIĆ / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2023

In this paper, the elements of the Sicilian, Venetian and Neapolitan dialects are presented using examples from three contemporary Italian novels. Using the method of theoretical data analysis, we compared the standard Italian language and dialects in several Italian regions. After a detailed reading of the selected novels and the selection of representative examples, we used the method of contrastive analysis (with examples to illustrate) to show the similarities and differences between the standard Italian language and certain Italian dialects, in such a way that we analyzed some linguistic elements at different levels, namely: phonological, morphological, semantic and pragmatic. Using the method of comparison and conclusion, we offered comments and drew conclusions based on the results we obtained through research and analysis. By researching and analyzing dictionaries relevant to the topic of the paper, using the method of comparison and contrastive analysis, conclusions have been made about the specificities of Italian dialects from the analyzed corpus, which includes the etymology of certain words, comparison of dialects and analysis of possible equivalents in the standard Italian language.

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Hipermodernističke karakteristike djela Gomorra Roberta Saviana

Author(s): Mirza Mejdanija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2023

Literary critics most often mention the year 1995 as the end of postmodernism in Italian literature. The new literary current that appears then is called the hypermodern. In this new phase, history is moving, conflicts are manifesting again, the discord between intellectual life and the political-economic order is productive again. The hypermodern abandons the modernist belief in progress because it does not essentially believe in its promises of happiness. Therefore, it is the answer and partly a melancholic consequence of the postmodern, because by celebrating its characteristics, it colors them with darkness. What has primarily changed is the position of the intellectual who writes and who speaks about the present, as a result of which the choice of the topics changes significantly. One of the first changes that appears is the influx of chronicles, which bring with them a division within literature into true and false events. On the one hand, prose approaches journalistic reporting, between documentation and accusation. On the other hand, these works represent a true testimony, using an autobiography or a credible first-person story. Gomorra is the debut novel by Napolitan writer Robert Saviano, and represents a journey into the economic empire and social domination of the Camorra, a Napolitan mafia organization. When writing, Saviano uses a mixture of chronicle and literature, real and unreal in one pronounced confusion. As a result, literary critics have debated whether this is a novel or not. But in Gomorra, the heat of truthfulness and social engagement does not correspond to the same amount of documentary accuracy. The work is rather reluctant to cite its own sources and show journalistic materials, it does not cite statements, interviews or wiretaps. The reconstruction of the event is all entrusted to the narrator, who thus takes responsibility for everything he claims. Saviano does not cite journalistic articles, he transcribes them, thus turning information and testimonies into a story. Gomorra represents a crossroad in the history of Italian literature, as it changes the relationship between journalism and literature, which is now becoming a high-risk activity. Saviano actually presents his truth in a hypermodernist way.

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Aknad, lõpmatuse läved. Parallelismid Giacomo Leopardi, Tõnu Õnnepalu ja Jan Kausi loomingus

Author(s): Kristiina Rebane / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 7/2024

The literary works of the 19th-century Italian poet and philosopher Giacomo Leopardi (1798–1836) have been available in Estonian for years. Less familiar, however, is the poetics of the vague and indefinite (Italian: poetica del vago e dell’indefinito) developed in his notebook “Zibaldone”. This concept forms the philosophical core and essence of his artistic creation. By centring his poetics around the conflict between the finiteness of the physical world and the human yearning for infinity, Leopardi proposes substituting the non-existent physical infinity with indefiniteness. By limiting sensory perception, indefiniteness – or vagueness – stimulates the imagination and creates the illusion of infinity, satisfying human desires for pleasure and leading people through delightful mental journeys to a state of mind in whose description Leopardi sees one of the most crucial functions of literature and art.The theoretical explanatory potential of Leopardi’s poetics extends beyond his own works and era, providing a framework that can broaden the interpretive possibilities of contemporary Estonian literature. Using a comparative approach, this article examines the motif of windows through Leopardi’s poetics in Tõnu Õnnepalu’s / Emil Tode’s novel “Border State” (Piiririik, 1993) and Jan Kaus’s notebook “View” (Vaade, 2022). In these works, windows are depicted as memory images that embody poetic elements of indefiniteness, such as frames, duskiness, night, silence, roads disappearing into the distance, the sky, the horizon, and so on. As central elements in the narrators’ self-definition, these windows play a crucial role both in content and composition, structuring the fragmented, introspective narrative without a stable timeline in “Border State” and linking the self-narrative thread in “View”. The appearance of similar windows in other works allows the observations made in the article to be applied to other texts by Õnnepalu and Kaus, facilitating a broader discussion of indefiniteness in their poetics.

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L'Emira di F. A. Santori tra storia e letteratura

Author(s): Oreste Parise / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 02/2024

Emira by Francesco Antonio Santori is a vivid portrait of the events that followed the unification of Italy in 1861. The author was astonished by the profound and ferocious upheavals against the new Italian order. Arbëresh communities had enthusiastically welcomed Garibaldi's revolution. There was a great expectation of a new era of prosperity and justice. In its initial popular form, the "Red Shirts Revolution" had conceived the utopia of offering criminals locked up in the horrendous prisons of the Kingdom the possibility of redemption by offering their contribution to the national cause. Many political formations were born from the union of common criminals with opponents of the new regime, immediately branded as brigands. Santori wanted to undertake the difficult task of documenting the drama the civil resistance to the new regime and the ferocious repression of any form of dissent. It was written by Santori out of a desire to be a faithful chronicler of events, an "instant book" that recorded the epic nature of events that pitted criminality and political dissent with a blind repression of any form of resistance to the brutal cancellation of local identity. The conditions of the time did not allow criticism or doubts about the unification process, so much so that for the press - even if mutilated by the work, it was necessary to wait about twenty years that made its relevance fade. In the drama we find treated with profound realism the great social, economic and political difficulties of the period, the chaos and violence exercised especially in Calabria after 1861. The entire Mezzogiorno was subjected to a severe military regime. Santori describes traumatic episodes, such as the ferocious and cruel repression of the phenomenon of brigandage by Colonel Pietro Fumel, with brutal and arbitrary methods, also exercised on many innocent people. The story focuses on the deterioration of living conditions and the collective anxiety created by events such as the shooting of 10 inhabitants of Picilia, an event that deeply shocked all the inhabitants of the country and gave Santori the impetus to write the work. Emira offers Santori the opportunity to use all his expressive abilities: current events, social commitment, popular involvement, educational didactic purpose with a vivid and real language, taken directly from the local communities. Numerous archive research and the use of historical sources help the author of the article to reconstruct the time and events that gave Santori the opportunity to write this work, to hypothesize the reasons for the delay in publication and to determine how Santori positions himself between the chroniclers and the creator.

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Space and Place in the Contemporary Italian Crime Fiction: The Case of Imma Tataranni and Lolita Lobosco

Author(s): Antonela Marić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The aim of this paper is to examine the role of space in contemporary Italian crime fiction, focusing in particular on works by Gabriella Genisi and Mariolina Venezia, and their two protagonists, deputy prosecutor Imma Tataranni and deputy chief Lolita Lobosco. The paper argues that space and its features are pivotal to the narrative. Space goes beyond serving as a mere backdrop; it actively mirrors and shapes social and cultural dynamics within crime fiction (Gabellieri). Drawing on theorists such as Gaston Bachelard, this study highlights how spaces infused with human values can evoke “topophilia,” a profound sense of belonging, which in turn supports cultural identity and connection to a place. The selected novels show a strong belonging to place and show how serious social issues, such as corruption, land speculations, the ecomafia, profit, and the like, can influence engagement with space. The cities of Bari and Matera, each with their distinct characters, illustrate this impact: Matera is regarded for its historical and cultural richness, while Bari reveals a complex modernity. Yet, both cities are marred by crime and social challenges. This duality is explored as both picturesque and unsettling, influencing the identity of the region. This paper demonstrates how these spaces engage readers emotionally, becoming central to plot and character development. By integrating geographical and cultural elements, we underscore how spatial settings are as vital as characters in shaping the depth and resonance of Italian crime fiction.

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Graphic Novels übersetzen: eine sprachliche Analyse der deutschen Übersetzung von Zerocalcares Kobane Calling (2017)

Author(s): Isabella Ferron / Language(s): German Issue: 20/2023

The paper offers an investigation of the role that translation plays as a bridge between different languages and cultures, by taking as an example the translation of a text typology that is peculiar from many points of view, that of the graphic novel. The graphic novel can be defined as an illustrated story between journalism, fiction and comics, from which it is distinguished by its proximity to real themes and events and by its more or less marked function as a witness. The translation of this text typology operates between the need to maintain the text within a boundary, that of the cartoons, and to preserve the balance between the different forms of expression from which it is composed. It is because of its hybrid textual nature that the translation of a graphic novel can be understood as a work of reconstruction of the sense of the text, bearing in mind the multiplicity of linguistic and iconic codes. An interesting example is the German translation of the graphic novel Kobane Calling (2016) by the Italian blogger Zerocalcare, of which a linguistic analysis of selected text passages is proposed.

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