Dreams of Transnational Social Protection: Youth Returnees in Mexico

Author(s): Victoria Tse / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter seeks to broaden existing discussions on social protection and migration with the inclusion of return migration, looking at youth returnees in Mexico in particular. The research asks what formal social protections are provided to youth returnees in the case of Mexico by the Mexican federal government. If no such provisions are made, how do these youth returnees create and piece together their own forms of social protections, and what do their social protection environments look like as they seek to realize their futures back in Mexico? With over 258 million migrants worldwide (United Nations, 2017), many of whom fall outside the purview of formal social protection institutions, there has been an increased interest in how migration impacts social protection and vulnerabilities.

La OIM como difusora global de las políticas de migración ordenada. La implantación del control migratorio mediante los mecanismos de cooperación técnica sobre migración y capacity-building

Author(s): Silvana Estefanía Santi Pereyra / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

The idea of orderly migration – introduced in 1953 by the International Organization for Migration (IOM) – has recently gained further exposure as a result of the 2018 Global Compact for Migration. The aim of this chapter is to review how the IOM has implemented two mechanisms, used to convey orderly migration: technical cooperation for migration and capacity-building, especially in the sectors of migration and border control. Through the analysis of IOM institutional material, the work tracks national cases that, since the early 2000s, have been taken into consideration for both the dissemination and implementation of related policy guidelines related to these mechanisms. The investigation shows that IOM is committed to establishing a nexus between migration and security. This is pursued through the promotion of policies and technology systems for migration controls, with a special focus on Southern Hemisphere countries.

Protección consular mexicana en Estados Unidos: análisis conceptual

Author(s): Karla Angélica Valenzuela Moreno / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

During the 1990s, some countries of destination started strengthening their relations with their diasporas. In an effort to tighten the bond with its own expat community, the Mexican government reshaped the functions of its consular network in the United States, where 97% of Mexican migrants live. This chapter analyses the concepts of consular protection, assistance and attention. As a result of this analysis, the chapter proposes a new definition of consular protection, as well as, a new way to classify consular actions. Finally, this study suggests that consular protection is a continuum which encompasses all kinds of consular actions under three categories: preventive protection, reactive protection, and capacity-building protection.

Vacaciones en Paz: los refugiados saharauis entre el activismo político y la solidaridad española

Author(s): Rita Reis / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

Amid a process of decolonization and national construction, 160,000 Sahrawis have lived in refugee camps (Tinduf, Algeria), since 1975. Although existing in “the margins of the world” (Agier, 2008), the camps are centers of transnational movements and relations. Vacaciones en Paz is a solidarity program through which thousands of Sahrawi children spend the summer with Spanish families. Organized by the Youth Union of Saguía el Hamra and Río de Oro (UJSARIO) and the Amigos del Pueblo Saharaui associations, its main objective is to allow children to have access to specialized medical care, a varied food diet, and to leave the high temperatures of the refugee camps. In addition, it also promotes and strengthens the Sahrawi cause, through the relationships created between families and their children. This chapter explores the Vacaciones en Paz as an example of the multiple dynamics involved between political activism and humanitarian aid.

Renegociando fronteras: Solidaridad vecinal y activismo migrante en Madrid

Author(s): Ana Santamarina / Language(s): Spanish Publication Year: 0

In a context in which the city of Madrid has become a border space – with police raids, deportations and harassments as patterns of the everyday landscapes of public spaces in the city – several grassroots organizations have emerged disrupting these geographies and turning the city into a space of border struggle (De Genova, Mezzadra and Pickles, 2015). This chapter maps the multiple trajectories of resistance that operate re-negotiating borders from a daily basis in Madrid. These draw from diverse neighbor solidarity movements to particular forms of migrant subaltern political agency. Engaging with these, the chapter addresses questions of subalternity, migration and political action (Featherstone, 2008, 2012). On the one hand, this study portrays the border as a dynamic and contested space, where migrants and neighbors negotiate the power relations at stake in the processes of bordering and the practices of racist police violence (Mezzadra and Neilson, 2013; Papadopulos and Tsiannos, 2013). On the other hand, it explores how migrant activism is questioning the social borders that operate within urban spaces and urban political movements challenging white privilege and colonialism and opening new debates that are reshaping migrant solidarity movements.

Refugee And Asylum-Seeking Students’ Experiences And Perspectives Of Education In The United Kingdom

Author(s): Jáfia Naftali Câmara / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Refugee and asylum-seeking students (RAS) face various challenges in accessing and excelling in the British educational system. Refugee-background students are entitled to attend mainstream, formal education, but there are no clearly defined educational policies that address their specific needs. There are still notable gaps in the literature highlighting the distinctions between the specific needs of refugee-background students from the needs of other groups and of their experiences of schooling. This study has been designed to investigate RAS students’ experiences and perspectives of education in England. It has been necessary to find a theoretical framework that accounts for the impact of culture and integration policies on teaching and learning in diverse classrooms.

Prześladowania w raju. Antymuzułmańskie rozruchy na Sri Lance i ich geneza

Author(s): Agnieszka Kuczkiewicz-Fraś / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Ofiary czy terroryści? Wizerunki uchodźców na okładkach polskich prawicowych tygodników opinii

Author(s): Aleksandra M. Różalska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

„Swoi” czy „obcy”? Uchodźcy czeczeńscy w Polsce

Author(s): Katarzyna Wasiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Европейский ислам Тарика Рамадана: новый европейский мазхаб?

Author(s): Arzu Sadykhova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Женский вопрос на страницах периодики литовско-польских татар в межвоенный период

Author(s): Galina Miškinienė / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

A “Communitarianist” Approach To The Issue Of Migrations

Author(s): Orazio Maria Gnerre / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Despite the urgency of talking about such a burning and current issue as the human migrations, unfortunately the divisiveness of this topic makes a lucid examination very difficult. On the work plane there are so many of those factors that it is necessary to order them according to logical hierarchical scales in order to organize a sensible discourse. By doing this, the risk is that it appears that some structural elements may be more or less important than others, so the challenge becomes precisely the ability to cover the problem in its entirety without neglecting apparently secondary aspects.

The Role Of Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora In Homeland Affairs

Author(s): Tulika Gaur / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Sri Lankan Tamil Diaspora has increasingly become an important factor in national as well as international politics for a variety of reasons. Their activism has successfully established new power relations between Sri Lanka and the international community, particularly since the end of LTTE in the island. From continuously providing financial support to their families and people in their homeland to articulating their kin groups’ demands, the diaspora community has been a significant factor in shaping the narratives of Tamil nationalism in Sri Lanka. Being the most effective lobbying group, it has eventually succeeded in making the Tamil issue an international issue rather than a domestic one. Not only have they managed to bring the situations of the war zone in front of the international community, but also successfully exposed the status of Sri Lankan government’s attempts towards resolving the Tamil issue in the post-war era. Their activism has been a key factor in shaping the international community’s stand over the issue of Sri Lankan war and making their homeland government answerable to the entire international community for the injustice done to their kin groups. This indicates that the issue of justice for Tamils and policy making in the island will remain ineffective if the diaspora community is not made a part of it as the representative voice of the Tamils in Sri Lanka.

Who Are The Immigrants In Norway?

Author(s): Minja Tea Dzamarija / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Migration related statistics and analyses are in high demand by government agencies, the media and the public at large. There are several reasons why it is important to have knowledge of the immigrants’ situation in Norway. Lack of knowledge can give rise to unfounded opinions and false presumptions in public debates on immigration issues, and grater knowledge of the immigrants’ background and living conditions can bring about a greater understanding between immigrants and other Norwegians. A solid base of knowledge is also important information for politicians when making important decisions that are of concern to immigrants and integration. The aim of the integration policy in Norway is to provide incentives and opportunities for participation in the workforce and in community life. The word ‘diversity’ pops up continually in public and social debates when issues such as immigration and immigrants are discussed. Based on the interest that society shows in immigrants and integration, it seems that issues related to diversity have become everyday topics of conversation in Norway. With 5.3 million inhabitants, Norway is a small country on a global scale, but we have one of the fastest growing populations in Europe, according to figures from Eurostat- the statistical office of the European Union. At the beginning of 1970, there were 59 000 immigrants and Norwegian-born to immigrant parents or 1.5 per cent of the Norwegian population. At the beginning of 2019, these groups had risen to 944 000 persons or 17.8 per cent of the population. Diversity is an appropriate word to describe the composition of the Norwegian population. As of 1 January 2019, Norway was home to immigrants with a background from a total of 220 countries and autonomous regions.

Impacts Of The Venezuelan Migration On The Colombian Labor Market

Author(s): Alix Juliana Obando Arias / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This research estimates the effect on the Colombian labor market of the increasing migratory flow from Venezuela, focused on the salary variation of Colombian workers. It seeks to answer the following problematic question: Has the salary of Colombians been reduced as the result of the arrival of Venezuelan migrants? This study classifies migrants and natives by educational level and work experience. Venezuelan workers can act as close or complementary substitutes for Colombian workers. The data comes from the Great Integrated Household Survey (GIHS) carried out by the National Administrative Department of Statistics (DANE).

Transnationalism And Ecuadorean (Trans)Migration To The United States And Spain

Author(s): María-José Rivera / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper offers a comparative study from the Transnational Approach by means of an analysis of migration of Ecuadoreans to the USA and Spain. The methodology is based on Descriptive Comparative Politics, whose indicators, for this study, were migration flows, GDP growth rates, and political landmarks. Ecuadorean migration to the USA is characterised by a consistent economic transnationalism and an inconsistent socio-political transnationalism. As regards Ecuador-Spain migration, there is an inconsistent economic transnationalism and a consistent transnationalism for the socio-political dimension. The overall results evince the relevance of economic dimensions and that migrants’ agency must deal with South-North asymmetries.

Major Aspects And Possible Impact Of The European Public Discourse On ‘Migration And Migrants’ Over The Past Decade (2009-2019)

Author(s): Olga Coptu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Demographic characteristics of European countries have varied dramatically over the past thirty years. Compared to the state of play at the end of the 1980’s the population of the European continent is at present more diverse in terms of ethnical, racial or linguistic background of its residents. In this article we will analyse the dynamics of the “migration and migrants” topic in the European mainstream media over the last decade (2009 – 2019). What is the place of this discourse in daily life? Does it have a measurable impact on the evolution of political forces and may it influence results of elections? How does this discourse “compete” with other important topics (economic development, social evolutions, liberties and human rights, international relations) in the public discourse? We will also address the question of migrants’ views upon the societies of host countries and of their relationships with the countries of origin.

The Role Of Transnational Diaspora Communities In The External Relations Of Western Countries Toward The South East Europe

Author(s): Veton Latifi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper aims to address the influences on the discourse and nature of the lobbyism activities with the EU and USA. Most of the countries in the South East Europe have been introduced in the government cabinets a position of ministries for diaspora community. In this view, the paper will discuss to what extent the coordinated strategies and actions of the ministries of diaspora of countries of the region are specifically targeting in a systematic way the American and EU external policies for the process of the EU and Euro-Atlantic integration? Among others, the paper explores to what extent and if at all the transnational diaspora ethnic communities of nations of the South East European countries have been influencing any action or strategy of the foreign policy of the European Union and USA through the national governments of the hosting countries that are members of the EU and NATO toward the SEE region, especially during the conflicts and peaceful resolution processes in the end of the XX and beginning of the XXI century since the bloodshed that followed the dissolution of former Yugoslav Socialist Federation?! It is believed that some of the nations in the region through the activities of the their transnational diaspora community based in the Western Europe and USA have been able to produce some important changes in the favor of their nations’ positions through the activities to influence the approach of the international community toward the region in various times conflict resolutions processes of the 20th century and that now they are attempting to achieve some kind of impact in the processes of the EU and NATO integration in terms of the foreign policy of the EU and USA via the member states national foreign policies. The paper eventually attempts to find out whether the activities of transnational diaspora ethnic communities for influencing the European and American external actions have been contributed towards the growth of internationalism, and thinning of nationalism in favor of cosmopolitanism, or the patriotic discourse it has been stronger in the case of the South East Europe in the beginning of the 20th century? The paper aims to examine the nature and forms of possible organized lobbyism activities of transnational diaspora communities in attempts for influencing the USA foreign policy and EU’s external relations and as well as aspects of diaspora politics in terms of the political behavior of the transnational ethnic diasporas in western countries.

The Japanese Asylum Policies: The Informal Asylum of Syrians in Japan

Author(s): Yahya Almasri / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Syrian conflict has caused a massive death toll, destruction, and one of the largest displacement crises since World War II. Since the outbreak of the war, a decade ago, millions of Syrians have embarked on desperate journeys in the hope of restarting their lives in safety. Approximately 6.6million Syrians escaped the horrors of war fleeing to neighboring countries;6.1 million became internally displaced, which is more than half of Syria's population, estimated at 22 million in 2010 (UNHCR 2020). Hundreds of Syrians have settled in Japan, a country with a rigid refugee system that effectively deters both fake and genuine asylum seekers. The refugee recognition rate in Japan has not exceeded 1% since 2011 (Japan Lawyer Network for Refugees 2020). Whether or not it was an informed decision for Syrians to seek protection in the East Asian archipelago, most of them have not applied for refugee status.

Immigration Agents in Bahrain: An Exploration of the Immigration Policy Nexus

Author(s): Simeon S. Magliveras / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This chapter explores the complex policy nexus, as described in the introduction to this book, to explain how transnational agents and immigration policy coexist. The study examines the actions of these various actors by scrutinizing the motivations of such agents who on the surface may appear to be motivated simply out of hopelessness or greed. Their actions are not so straight forward. The chapter focuses on a Filipina guest worker and her employer as agents in Bahrain within a complex immigration policy nexus. This work more generally illustrates that subjects of immigration policy are not are not merely moveable pawns of powerful states or mere units of production at the will of their employers. This chapter suggests that in actuality, they are agents who effect and are affected but their environments who make active choices within the system to reach their objectives as transnationals. This chapter finally suggests that immigration policy nexus and actions of the actors affect how policy becomes an agent of its own consequence.