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“A Europe that Protects”: Austria’s EU Council Presidency

Author(s): Łukasz Ogrodnik / Language(s): English

The number one priority of the Austrian presidency of the EU Council, which began on 1 July, is security. This issue is subordinated to the other main points of the presidency programme: migration, digitisation, and integration of the Western Balkans with the EU. Although the Austrian approach is similar to the Polish one in the sphere of migration policy, differences remain regarding the EU’s Multiannual Financial Framework for 2021–2027 (MFF), energy policy, and the European Commission’s enforcement of the rule of law.

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„Europa, która chroni” – prezydencja Austrii w Radzie UE

Author(s): Łukasz Ogrodnik / Language(s): Polish

Priorytetem Austrii podczas rozpoczętej 1 lipca prezydencji w Radzie UE jest bezpieczeństwo. Kwestii tej podporządkowane są główne punkty programu prezydencji: migracja, cyfryzacja oraz integracja Bałkanów Zachodnich z UE. Chociaż w sferze polityki migracyjnej podejście austriackie jest zbliżone do polskiego, pozostają różnice dotyczące wieloletnich ram finansowych UE na lata 2021–2027, polityki energetycznej i egzekwowania przez Komisję Europejską zasady praworządności.

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Węgierskie referendum w sprawie obowiązkowego przyjmowania imigrantów

Author(s): Veronika Jóźwiak / Language(s): Polish

2 października odbędzie się na Węgrzech referendum, w którym obywatele będą odpowiadać na pytanie, czy chcą, by Unia Europejska miała kompetencje do osiedlania w tym kraju imigrantów. Według badań opinii publicznej większość Węgrów zagłosuje przeciwko przyznaniu UE takich prerogatyw. Chociaż istnieją kontrowersje w sprawie konsekwencji prawnych referendum, z politycznego punktu widzenia przewidywany rezultat wzmocni pozycję rządu Viktora Orbána wobec Komisji Europejskiej i może wpłynąć na politykę UE wobec problemu uchodźców.

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The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Greek Policy

Author(s): Maciej Pawłowski / Language(s): English

The number of people infected by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in Greece is relatively small because of early and tough actions taken by the government, but the situation may change with increased migration from Turkey, a country with high incidence of COVID-19. At the same time, the government’s ability to fight the economic crisis stemming from the pandemic is limited due to Greece’s huge public debt. However, the current situation is a chance to implement its demands for eurozone reform, changes in EU migration policy, and relations between the EU and Turkey.

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Wpływ pandemii COVID-19 na politykę Grecji

Author(s): Maciej Pawłowski / Language(s): Polish

Dzięki wcześnie wprowadzonym, stanowczym działaniom rządu liczba osób zarażonych wirusem SARS-CoV-2 w Grecji pozostaje relatywnie niewielka. Sytuację tę może jednak zmienić napływ migrantów z Turcji, w której występuje wysoka zachorowalność na COVID-19. Jednocześnie wysoki dług publiczny ogranicza możliwości rządu w walce z kryzysem gospodarczym. Obecna sytuacja stwarza jednak szansę na realizację greckich postulatów w zakresie reformy strefy euro, unijnej polityki migracyjnej oraz relacji UE–Turcja.

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Voting in a Time of Great Emigration: The Electoral Landscape in Croatia

Author(s): Tomasz Żornaczuk / Language(s): English

After six years of painful recession, the main debate before the parliamentary elections in Croatia is how to repair the economy. However, the dynamics of the campaign are also influenced by the migration crisis that unexpectedly hit Croatia less than two months before the election. The ruling left wing and the right wing opposition have similar chances of winning, but the former has a greater ability to build a coalition. Regardless of the election result and the shape of the future government, the winning party will have to test its optimistic economic promises and, together with the country’s neighbours and the EU, find a common solution to the growing problem of the Balkan migration route.

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Głosowanie w czasach wielkiej migracji: krajobraz przedwyborczy w Chorwacji

Author(s): Tomasz Żornaczuk / Language(s): Polish

Sześć lat bolesnej recesji sprawia, że głównym tematem przed wyborami parlamentarnymi jest naprawa gospodarki. Jednakże na dynamikę kampanii wpłynął też kryzys migracyjny, który niespodziewanie dotknął Chorwację na niespełna dwa miesiące przed głosowaniem. Rządząca lewica i opozycyjna prawica mają podobne szanse na wygraną, ale to ta pierwsza ma większą zdolność koalicyjną. Bez względu na wynik wyborów i to, komu uda się sformować rząd, zwycięska partia będzie musiała zweryfikować optymistyczne obietnice gospodarcze, a także – razem z sąsiadami i krajami UE – znaleźć wspólne rozwiązanie narastającego problemu bałkańskiego szlaku migracyjnego.

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Što znači braniti Evropu?

Author(s): Slavoj Žižek / Language(s): Croatian

Nakon ruskog napada na Ukrajinu slovenačka je vlada smjesta obznanila da je Slovenija spremna prihvatiti više hiljada ukrajinskih izbjeglica. Kao slovenski građanin nisam se osjetio samo ponosnim, nego i osramoćenim.

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Newsletter - 04/2002

Author(s): Sead Turčalo,Edward P. Joseph,Selmo Cikotić,Srđan Šušnica,Harun Karčić / Language(s): English

1. Editorial - Time of uncertainty. 2. “We need a fresh start in the US, in the Balkans, in Europe, and in the world, with new leadership”. 3. Managing Migration in Bosnia and Herzegovina. 4. Sarajevo’s Head in a Bear’s Mouth. 5. Nagorno-Karabakh: Melting down the “frozen conflict”.

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Newsletter - 04/2002

Author(s): Sead Turčalo,Edward P. Joseph,Selmo Cikotić,Srđan Šušnica,Harun Karčić / Language(s): Bosnian

1. Uvodnik - Vrijeme neizvjesnosti. 2. Potreban nam je novi početak, s novim liderstvom u SAD-u, na Balkanu, u Evropi i svijetu. 3. Kako upravljati migracijama u Bosni i Hercegovini. 4. Sarajevo – Moskva: Glava u raljama medvjeda. 5. Nagorno-Karabah: Otapanje "zamrznutog konflikta".

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Involvement of EU Agencies in Helping Countries That Are Receiving Refugees from Ukraine

Author(s): Jolanta Szymańska / Language(s): English

EU support for Member States most affected by the war in Ukraine includes funding for reception measures and ensuring refugees have access to protection throughout the Community, as well as coordination and operational assistance from EU agencies. The offer of agency resources extends to humanitarian aid, border management, and capacity-building of the Member States. Exploring the full potential of the EU agencies will require overcoming their internal problems and the will of the Member States to involve them in such cooperation,

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Аспекти на етническите и религиозните проблеми в контекста на националната и международната сигурност

Author(s): Ivanka Nenova Nikolova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In the chosen topic, our attention is directed to outline the existing problem areas and factors affecting the definition of ethnic and religious challenges and the emphasis they place on the security of the countries of Europe. It aims to overcome the existing problems with the ethnic and religious groups found in these countries by introducing and clarifying their particularities.

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Asylum Seekers and Economic Burden: Evidence from Refugees’ Realities in Germany

Author(s): Mykhaylo Kunychka,Martina Brezániová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the context of refugee crises, which have become the leading topic of political as well as scientific debates in past decade, the impact of migrants and asylum seekers on the labour market of the receiving country has attracted remarkable attention. Empirical research in this area indicates that migration has an insignificant effect on the change of the average wage, but it negatively affects the low-skilled labour force on the one hand and positively affects the high-skilled labour force on the other. The purpose of this article is to analyse the influx of refugees and asylum seekers to Germany with an emphasis on the genesis of the crisis in 2015-2016. We try to illustrate the integration of refugees in the local labour market. In accordance with the purpose of the paper we suggest two hypotheses reflecting refugees’ economic burden for hosted country and spatial distribution relevance for integration. To reach the purpose, we apply qualitative research methods such as semi-structured interviews. Our results suggest the limited refugees’ economic burden for German economy and significant effect of geographical allocation on integration process.

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THE ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LAW AS AN ALTERNATIVE FOR THE DEFENCE OF INCLUSIVE MIGRATION POLICIES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

Author(s): RICARDO CHACCUR / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The migration of human beings from one territory to another is a phenomenon that has been part of all eras of history. The contact between peoples has contributed to the formation of the populations of modern nation states, with their cultural heritage as a result of these interactions. Since Globalisation and the Information Society, migratory flows have intensified mainly to countries in the northwest of the world, as in the case of the member countries of the European Union, creating a multicultural environment that is contested by nationalist discourse. This discourse, fueled by the spread of fear that immigrants could harm nationals and the development of the country, has led to the growth of xenophobia in all the countries of the European Union. Xenophobia has a significant negative impact on the attempt to integrate the immigrant into the community of the host state and goes against the objectives of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. It also makes it difficult to achieve the goals set out in the 2030 Agenda, such as those recommended in SDG 10 (reducing inequalities) and SDG 16 (defending peace, access to justice and effective institutions). It should also be noted that the defense of inclusive migration policies and the fight against xenophobia is based on various normative instruments at global, regional and national levels, but so far, they have proved ineffective in dealing with and effectively combating this type of structural crime. Xenophobia has grown in recent years in countries that have also seen an increase in the number of mi-grants. Based on this observation and the fact that the world economy is governed by capitalist ideology, in which economic power acts as an influencer in political and legislative decision-making, this paper aims to present Richard Posner's Theory of the Economic Analysis of Law as an alternative in defense of inclusive migration policies in the European Union.

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The development dimension of Czech foreign policy

Author(s): Ondřej Horký-Hlucháň / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

For the first time since 1983, when the European Community established the tradition of thematic years, this year was committed to the external operations of the European Union. The choice of the European Year for Development 2015 was related to the symbolic milestone of the end of validity of the development objectives of the millennium. At the same time, it foreshadowed gradual interconnection of the separate agendas of the global and sustainable developments within the United Nations as a unified framework of the social and economic development within the planetary boundaries. Their merger culminated in September in New York, where the General Assembly of the UN approved the Agenda 2030 and its seventeen Objectives of sustainable development representing a huge challenge for the development and other policies of the countries of the global North and South. In this spirit, the European Year for Development was also initiated with the slogan “Our World, Our Dignity, Our Future”. It stood in a peculiar contrast to the closer and rather technical nature of the covering national topic of the “interconnection of activities of non-governmental, private and public sectors in the official foreign development co-operation”.

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EU Facility for Refugees in Turkiye: Humanitarian and Development Actions

Author(s): Suleyman Dikmen,Hamza Bahadır Eser / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since 2011, Türkiye officially hosts around four million refugees. On March 18 2016, the European Council and Türkiye signed the European Union (EU)-Türkiye Statement aimed at stemming the influx of irregular migration via Türkiye to the EU. The aim of the study is to examine the financial support program developed within the scope of the EU-Türkiye Statement, which focuses on managing irregular migration and financial aid. The Facility for Refugees, a main component of the EU-Türkiye Statement, consists of an EU budget of €3 billion and EU Member States contributions of €3 billion. More than 100 projects have been implemented in Türkiye with the funds provided under the Facility. In the study, financial aid will be evaluated in terms of humanitarian and development actions.

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Globalization Processes and Reasons for Migration of the Population of Azerbaijan to Europe

Author(s): Gulnara Sadi Hajiyeva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Political and social changes at the end of the 20th and beginning of the 21st century radically changed the socio-economic situation not only in the post-Soviet space, but throughout the world. One of the clearest manifestations of such changes was the active migration of the population, in which millions of people were forced to migrate from one state to another, thereby becoming involved in the process of globalization. Unlike developed countries that experienced a migration boom long before, the Republic of Azerbaijan faced particularly intense migration flows. In this context, the subject of the study is the study of migration from Azerbaijan to Europe after gaining independence. Within the framework of the created theoretical model, an analysis of migration from Azerbaijan to European states, especially to Germany, was carried out, as well as the reasons for migration from Azerbaijan to Europe and the integration process were assessed. Under the conditions of economic and demographic crises in Azerbaijan, population migration can be a fairly accurate indicator of the depth of these crises; on the other hand, effective regulation of migration contributes to solving both economic and demographic problems faced by Azerbaijan.

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Nowy pakt o migracji i azylu

Author(s): Judyta Cabańska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In recent years, the scale of migration flows in Europe has necessitated additional reforms to control external borders and migrant flows. The European Commission has proposed The New Pacton Migration and Asylum, which is a set of regulations to create a fairer, efficient, and more sustainable migration and asylum process for the European Union. The new Pact agreed between the European Parliament and the Council in December 2023. The aim of this chapter is to set out the objectives of the new Pact on Migration and Asylum and the proposed changes to the migration and asylum system. Analysis of the EU legal acts and literature review are used as main research methods in the chapter. The results show that the new common approach to migration and asylum is based on solidarity, responsibility, and respect for human rights. The proposals set out in the legislative proposals that form part of the Pact include principles on the processing of asylum applications, the introduction of temporary emergency measures for crisis situations, the improvement of the EU fingerprint database for asylum seekers, the introduction of screening, reception conditions for asylum seekers, the creation of a permanent EU resettlement framework, the harmonisation of protection standards and the rights of asylum seekers. As planned, the new rules are intended to increase the efficiency of the European asylum system, which is crucial in the light of the predicted intensification of migratory flows worldwide.

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Влияние на членството на България в Шенген върху миграционните потоци

Author(s): Boyan Kirov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report analyzes the impact of Bulgaria‘s Schengen membership on migration flows. The full entry into the Schengen area from January 1, 2025 and the abolition of border controls with Romania and Greece will facilitate the crossing of people and goods, but will also create new challenges for the security of the external borders with Turkey and Serbia. The main elements of the study are the analysis of illegal migration, migration routes and the challenges and opportunities for eliminating risks for Bulgaria. The analysis shows that in 2024. there was a decrease in the total number of illegal crossings compared to the previous year. Despite the strengthened border control and cooperation with Frontex, the report emphasizes the importance of investments in new technologies and enhanced cooperation with the European Union (EU).

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Непридружените деца бежанци в България

Author(s): Maria Brestnichka / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report examines the situation of unaccompanied refugee children in Bulgaria over the last 6 years (2019 to 2024), covering the latest refugee wave to Europe. As children with multiple vulnerabilities, unaccompanied children seeking international protection need comprehensive support, including first and foremost a family environment and inclusion in the education system. Data show that in Bulgaria unaccompanied refugee children remain not only outside the education system, but also outside the protection system, whose role is to guarantee the fundamental rights of the child. Unaccompanied children are hardly recognizable as children from institutions, and the parallel system in place to guarantee their lives and well-being faces serious challenges to cope.

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