Debreczeni Márton, az „egyetlen" erdélyi bányász műszaki öröksége

Author(s): Enikő Bitay / Language(s): Hungarian

Márton Debreczeni (1802–1851), mine engineer and inventor, was the rejuvenator and the road-opener of Hungarian mining and metallurgy science in the 19th century Transylvania, leading personality of his contemporary Transylvanian intelligentsia. His activity encompassed the reformation on scientific principles of Transylvanian mining, the reorganization of its financial administration, doubled by a rich literary activity.Through his technical creations, Márton Debreczeni revived and reformed on modern principles the Transylvanian mining and metallurgy. He envisaged the importance of scientific progress, and, through experiments and calculus, found technical solutions to make the mining and metallurgical industry of Transylvania more economical. His abilities – the extension of the knowledge he accumulated in various positions, the leadership role he undertook due to his management abilities – had a determinant effect on the development of the technical field in the 19th century. His innovations were also been implemented in other countries, ensuring his international acclaim. Nevertheless, even with all these accomplishments, Márton Debreczeni was to die in the same dire misery he was born.The present volume illustrates the technical legacy this illustrious personality left behind: his inventions, his written contributions and technical dictionaries.The first chapter shows the life of Márton Debreczeni and his studies at Mănăstireni, Cluj and at the Mineralogy Academy in Selmecbánya (Banská Štiavnica). He started his mining apprenticeship in 1825. After a short time, he becomes a Smelting Deputy Foreman at Rodna mine, there after working in almost every mining basin in Transylvania. Meanwhile he marries Teréz Láhner, whose family he met at Selmecbánya. They had a harmonious relationship, raising their eight children. He later worked at Certej, Hunedoara County as Forge Deputy Inspector, then, starting with 1829, they move to Zlatna where he becomes Forge Chief Inspector, Mine Judge and, at age 36, director of all the mines and forges in Zlatna. The last part of the chapter contains a series of testimonials his contemporaries wrote about him, after his death, that were sent afterwards to Imre Mikó.The second chapter presents his engineering accomplishments, his technical innovations and inventions, together with his miscellaneous technical notes. The chapter also features the structure, function and use of the “spiral blower”. In addition, Debreczeni attempted to find a solution to re-use the slag material resulted from the mining/smelting processing.The third chapter attempts to reassemble a broader image on the building of the Hungarian technical language, showing the part Debreczeni played in its inception. The start and the evolution of the Hungarian technical language were influenced by 3 factors: 1. The introduction of technical specialized education and foundation of technical-specific institutions; 2. the founding and dissemination of technical-focused scientific publications in Hungarian; 3. Editing and publication of technical dictionaries. Debreczeni’s name and contributions appear in all these three areas of technical sciences’ development. The chapter presents his contribution in the struggle for starting the professional training for mining and metallurgy in Hungarian, together with his scientific papers and dictionaries, all of which have unfortunately remained in a manuscript form.The fourth chapter defines position and contribution of Márton Debreczeni’s technical legacy in the digital database Erdélyi Digitális Adattár maintained by Transylvanian Museum Society.The book’s Annex contains the description and illustration of Márton Debreczeni technical patrimony.

Intre filosofie si medicina. Folclorul medical in viziunea lui Mircea Eliade si Valeriu Bologa.

Author(s): Mihaela Gligor / Language(s): Romanian

Am încercat să surprindem modul în care a evoluat gândirea științifică a lui Mircea Eliade și mai ales cum a fost aceasta influențată de elementele folclorice. Importantă pentru analiza avută în vedere a fost examinarea influenței pe care periplul său indian a avut-o în scrierile ulterioare. Întâlnirea lui Eliade, în India, cu prezența fantastică și fascinanta lume a misterelor, elemente care l-au urmărit o viață întreagă și pe baza cărora și-a construit mare parte din opera savantă, ne-a oferit și punctul de legătură cu domeniul de activitate al profesorului și medicului Valeriu Bologa, cel care a pus bazele școlii clujene de istorie a medicinei.

Turkey's Syrians: Today and Tomorrow

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Turkey’s Syrians: Today and Tomorrow, edited by Deniz Eroğlu Utku, K. Onur Unutulmaz, Ibrahim Sirkeci is published by Transnational Press London. The book presents a selection of papers drawing on recent research on Syrian refugees in Turkey. Since the first arrival of Syrian refugees, the issue has sparked considerable national and international interest. Political discourses concentrated on state ‘generosities’ to provide protection to those coming from insecurities and possibilities to reduce ‘burden of refugees’ to receiving countries via international solidarity. While these concerns focus on effects of hosting refugees, what happens to refugees themselves, how they are affected by government policies and how they are perceived by host country people are questions yet to be answered. This book brings together a multidisciplinary set of contributions scrutinising the case of Syrian refugees in Turkey.

Kalendarium wydarzeń 2018

Author(s): Karolina Libront / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

FERHENGA BIRÛSKÎ Kurmanji – English Dictionary Volume One: A – L

Author(s): Michael L. Chyet / Language(s): English,Kurdish

Ferhenga Biruski is the go-to dictionary for Kurmanji a dialect of Kurdish spoken originally in parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, Turkey while also being common among a large diaspora of Kurds in Europe, North America and elsewhere. This comprehensive Kurmanji-English dictionary is prepared in two volumes by Michael L. Chyet, a renowned linguist with extensive knowledge of the major dialects of Kurdish. This dictionary is an essential reference source for linguists and others interested in Kurdish language and people.“The second edition of my Kurmanji-English dictionary, which I would like to call “Ferhenga Birûskî” to honor the memory of my beloved friend and colleague Birûsk Tugan, contains considerably more entries, and in many cases offers fuller information on earlier entries. In addition, I have found and corrected several typographical errors. Moreover, it is to be accompanied by a companion English to Kurdish volume. […] It is my goal to accurately reflect the language as it exists today, providing variant spellings, synonyms, and regional usage, as well as etymologies. The late Iranist D.N. MacKenzie advised me early on to avoid filling my dictionary with “ghost words”. He suggested that I base all the entries in my dictionary on texts (both written and orally generated), to ensure that I am reflecting the language as it is used by its speakers. The earlier dictionaries include words of unknown provenance, which may have no existence outside those pages.”

IN MEMORIAM OF OUR COLLEAGUE AND FRIEND

Author(s): / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

An erudite academic lecturer and researcher in the field of Balkan history, a competent and committed leader and intellectual boheme who dedicated his entire professional lifeto History, to the department of International Relations at UNWE and to higher education in Bulgaria.

Wprowadzenie

Author(s): Roman Kuźniar / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

KALENDARIUM WYDARZEŃ 2019

Author(s): Piotr Śledź / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

ZESPÓŁ ROCZNIKA

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Jurisprudența Curții Constituționale – sprijin real pentru noua viziune a legiuitorului în materia administrării probelor în procesul civil

Author(s): Nora Daghie / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The right to a fair trial and settlement of cases within a reasonable time is a rule taken over by the Romanian constituent from the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms the ultimate purpose of which is to assure the quality of justice delivery, and effectively secure the fundamental right of free access to justice for the persons seeking justice. In civil proceedings, the judge draws conclusions and renders a judgment on the basis of the evidence produced in the case – da mihi factum, dabo tibi ius. The judge’s intimate belief as to the truthfulness of the facts presented relies on a correct and complete evidence production exercise, as well as on the value of the evidence thus produced. In the civil proceedings heard by the Romanian courts of law, evidence is usually produced in the written stage of such proceedings. The New Civil Procedure Code contains general provisions about the production of evidence which were not available in this form under the previous legislation. The law-maker rendered the exercise of a right conditional upon the effective exercise thereof within a certain period of time with a view to putting in place an indispensable climate of order, and thus preventing any abuses and protecting the rights and legitimate interests of the other parties, but without prejudice to the realization of the free access to justice

Integration of Instruments for the Protection of Natural Protected Areas in Urban and Biodiversity Strategies and in Urban Planning Regulations

Author(s): Cerasella Crăciun,Atena-Ioana Gârjoabă / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Approximately 75% of the urban settlements in Romania are superimposed or are tangent to at least one natural protected area, these not being integrated from the point of view of their regulation in the urban strategies and in the urban planning regulations. From a spatial point of view, this type of relationship often represents a contrast between the urban fabric and the quasi-natural fabric. However, in the regulatory or strategy instruments for the development of urban settlements, where such contrasts exist, they are only integrated at the border level. The ecotone is, in most cases, the only element mentioned in urban planning instruments and is approached as a land that can only function in isolation and that in no way can support urban development. This reluctance and fear of approaching natural protected areas, also negatively influences the conception of the community, investors and the administration. Urban actors are not informed and therefore not motivated, but neither do they have the opportunity to get involved in the conservation and protection process. The purpose of this article is to research urban and biodiversity strategies at E.U level, to identify gaps in the formulation of urban planning tools, what are the reasons behind generating these gaps and how they can be eliminated, or at least mitigated. The analysis will focus on some models of urban strategies which address natural protected areas, but will also consider related elements, directly related to their conservation, urban ecology and the involvement in the process of urban actors.

Foreword

Author(s): Daniela Sezonov Tane / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Foreword

Кирило-Методиевска Библиография. 1934–1944. Под общата редакция на Светлина Николова

Author(s): Veselka Zhelyazkova,Mihail Popruzhenko,Stoyan Romanski,Nedjalka Zafirova / Language(s): Bulgarian

The book is a result of the ambitious project of the Cyrillo-Methodian Research Centre at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences related to the collection and publication of a bibliography in the field of the Cyrillo-Methodian studies. The book consists of two parts. The first includes a phototype edition of the "Cyrillo-Methodian Bibliography for 1934-1940" prepared by M. Popruzhenko and St. Romanski (Sofia,1942), which contains 878 titles of books and articles, as well as 324 reviews. The second part of the book, prepared by V. Zhelyazkova and N. Zafirova, presents 3121 titles of Bulgarian Cyrillo-Methodian publications - monographs, articles, reviews, textbooks, notes, official messages and many other materials, the period covered extending up to 1944. Most of the material is extracted from the Bulgarian periodical press of that time.

Arctic 8 Policy: Reassessing International Relations

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The Arctic is a harsh geography that has historically been misconceived as a large ice mass, ignoring the complex strategic salience of the region. Its cold waters and frozen lands have attracted the attention of people for many years and have been the centre of discoveries and adventures. Today, however, the strategic importance of the Arctic has gone beyond discoveries and adventures. Factors, such as environmental erosion, climate change, and national or regional security complicate geopolitical dynamics in the region.This book begins by delving into the issues that have led Arctic countries to reorient their foreign policies. The geopolitical structure of the Arctic, the expansion of NATO, the emergence of new energy reserves, and the impact of climate change on the Arctic are some of the factors directly affecting the region. Then, within the framework of these influences, the policies of the eight Arctic countries are re-assessed from the perspective of international relations.This volume not only emphasises the geopolitical and strategic importance of the Arctic region, but also discusses conflicts of interest, international cooperation efforts, and possible future scenarios. The Arctic is not just a geography, but also an important part of global politics and security. This book is a guide to understanding the complex and dynamic nature of the Arctic region.

Global Risks and Their Impacts on Türkiye

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Today, the growing impact of climate change, armed conflicts, social polarization, and economic instability threatens the foundations of the global order. These challenges escalate rapidly, fuelled by technological advancements and economic uncertainties that we face on a global scale. Disinformation and misinformation stand out as critical global threats. The pressing issues of cybersecurity, geopolitical tensions, unequal opportunities, inflation, forced migration, economic downturns, and environmental degradation present urgent risks that demand immediate attention. The imbalances and inequalities in wealth and resource distribution at all levels breed instability locally, regionally, and globally, further amplifying the fragility and volatility of our global system. Beyond the immediate crises, our book delves into the potential repercussions of artificial intelligence and its implications for the geopolitical supply chain in Türkiye. It meticulously unveils how climate change and geopolitical dynamics could severely impact Türkiye’s security framework, economic landscape, and business sector. In this context, Türkiye must boldly declare its commitment to fostering collaboration among nations, businesses, and civil society to effectively address these global challenges. Türkiye’s pivotal role in this collective endeavour cannot be overstated, and the country should continue to lead initiatives aimed at collaboration and problem-solving. This book offers valuable insights from scholars, experts, and industry leaders, with the goal of elevating awareness and effectively managing emerging risks at every level. Together, we can navigate these turbulent times and create a more resilient global order.

Toward a Relational Foodscape in Chinese and Japanese North American Literature

Author(s): Yiyi He / Language(s): English

Toward a Relational Foodscape in Chinese and Japanese North American Literature adopts a relational perspective of food justice to reread literary texts, mainly by contemporary Chinese and Japanese American/Canadian writers. The book highlights that the environment and race are closely intertwined in Asian North American ecocriticism. Yiyi He demonstrates how a food justice ecocritical lens informed by the East Asian (especially Chinese) notion “relational foodscape” challenges the binary between humans and more-than-humans while emphasizing relations and reciprocity between them. Yiyi He applies it to interpret selected texts, such as Rita Wong’s forage and undercurrent, Ava Chin’s Eating Wildly, Joy Kogawa’s Obasan, Hiromi Goto’s Chorus of Mushrooms, Ruth Ozeki’s All Over Creation, David Mas Masumoto’s Epitaph for a Peach, Rita Wong and Fred Wah’s beholden: a poem as long as the river, to break all kinds of binaries, such as nature/culture, rural/urban, East/West, humans/more-than-humans. “Relational Foodscape” is a concept embracing both Asian and Western relational philosophies, which echoes the material turn and promotes food justice, especially for racialized and marginalized groups and communities. Approaching relational foodways in theory and practice provides an alternative to reconsider and redirect issues of race, class, and even multispecies relations.

ÜBERSETZEN IM DAF-UNTERRICHT: ZWISCHEN SPRACHMITTLUNG UND INTERKULTURELLEM LERNEN

Author(s): NDONG Louis / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The study examines intercultural challenges in the framework of translation inGerman as Foreign Language (GFL). This form of translation is mostly based on aspects of languageteaching im general and the teaching of language skills in German in particular, with regard togrammar, vocabulary, syntax, etc. The study analyses the practice of translation in German lessons asa moment of intercultural training. In addition to these linguistic parameters, the analysis looks at thepractice of translation in German lessons as a moment of intercultural training. The use of the texttype (e.g. literary or pragmatic texts), the choice of topics (e.g. country, civilization, culture, etc.)and, last but not least, the working and social form associated with the teaching practice all contributeto this. According to the thesis of this article, a reorientation with the use of cooperative or interactiveteaching in dealing with translation is favoured for intercultural purposes in translation.

O VIZIUNE DESPRE SEMIOTICA TEXTULUI GERMAN: ABORDARE DIDACTICĂ

Author(s): Kononova Tatiana / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

This article explores the semiotics of the text as a research object of semiotics,oriented towards the deeper penetration of the meaning of a literary work and its linguisticcommentary, as well as the criteria of intratextual structuring (lexical-grammatical and semanticstylistic). In this sense, the aspects of the semiotic approach to the linguistic analysis of literary textsare presented in the course "Semiotics of the German text"

EINSATZ DER KÖRPERSPRACHE IN DEN KOMPETENZORIENTIERTER FREMDSPRACHENUNTERRICHT

Author(s): Sattorova Shaxnoza / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

This article is about body language, its components, language-accompanying andcommunicative functions of body language, the research results on it as well as its effective use inforeign language teaching, its positive application possibilities and the skills development of pupils. Italso contains information on the use of body language using the example of dramatic activities and itsbenefits in foreign language teaching.The problem identified was that the effective use of body language in teaching methods is oftenneglected. So the question arises: Why body language shouldn't be used in foreign language lessons?The practical application is made clear through its use in foreign language lessons, how bodylanguage can be used in three different ways in foreign language lessons and emphasizes that this canincrease the positive effectiveness of the lesson.

EFFEKTIVE SCAFFOLDING-STRATEGIEN, HERAUSFORDERUNGEN UND AUSWIRKUNGEN AUF DEN LERNERFOLG MEHRSPRACHIGER KINDER

Author(s): Rusu Iana / Language(s): German Publication Year: 0

The connection between language skills and educational success has been proven innumerous studies. In order to provide all pupils with equal educational opportunities and active participation in lessons, teachers should take subject content and language into account in every subject. Thescaffolding method is a suitable approach for language-sensitive teaching that offers all pupils equaleducational opportunities and enables active participation in lessons. Scaffolding aims to graduallyenable learners to master complex tasks by providing teachers with supporting structures and instructions.The term is derived from the idea of scaffolding, which provides support to learners and enables themto access higher levels of understanding and competence. The method emphasizes step-by-step support,adaptation to individual needs, interactive teacher-student interaction, regular feedback and the promotion of cognitive skills. Scaffolding is used in a variety of school contexts, from reading support tomathematics and the development of writing skills. This method is an effective strategy to ensure thatlearners are able to successfully complete complex tasks and develop their cognitive skills