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Today purchasing goods or services online is a regular activity. That is why in this paper we have analyzed the evolution of the online purchases of individuals in the EU countries from 2010 until 2021 in accordance with the latest data provided by the Eurostat Database. For that, we used charts, dynamic indices, and dynamic rhythms.
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The purpose of this paper is to approach the sovereign debt crisis from a cyberneticsperspective, as a system that includes several interrelated subsystems. We emphasize thedynamic nature and sustainability of the sovereign debt system. The paper also discusses thetransition from a sovereign debt dynamic system to a sovereign debt crisis dynamic system,transition included in the feedback control loop of the dynamic system of national economy.
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Ayoub and Malika Amrani are husband and wife, former farm workerswho, for many years, came to France on OMI contracts to do seasonal work for a farmer in the Bouches-du-Rhône area. In the early 1970s, the young woman’s father and uncle, fellahs2from the Moroccan Prerif who had emigrated to the city, found a contract in the city of Grans, on the Crau plain, and gradually “sponsored” the next generation of migrants. In 1990, when Malika was recruited to join them, there were about ten family members already working on the farm. Though she was formally employed as a farm worker, she actually worked as a “servant” for the farmer and his family. Against the advice of her employer, who wanted nothing to distract her from her work, she got married and held a big wedding in Fez, to which her employer was invited. Ayoub, her husband, was recruited to work in the orchards. As a newlywed, Malika had more and more trouble accepting the abuse and bullying her parents had endured until then. She became increasingly opposed to her employer. 2000 marked a breaking point, when Ayoub fell from an apple tree and was seriously injured. His pelvis was fractured. Their employer was reluctant to report it as a work-related accident. The couple stood up to him, and the following year, none of the family’s contracts were renewed. It was a form of retaliation. It was a collective punishment, as if to remind the migrants that they were bound to their employer by the same duty of loyalty. This incident would have lasting consequences on Malika’s relationship with her family, who accused her of being selfish. In the meantime, Malika became a prominent figure in the movement to defend seasonal migrants’ rights, almost in spite of herself. Her story was the subject of several articles in the media and was taken up by the Collectif de défense des travailleurs agricoles saisonniers (Collective for the Defense of Seasonal Agricultural Workers) (CODETRAS).
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The article addresses the structure of scientific research in the context of the methodology of science. This goal is realized through the concrete material of physical theory, detailing the structure of scientific research and its elements; its process and the laws it obeys; its results, which leadthe process; its motives, e.g. the "driving forces" of research and the role of philosophy in the process.The paperexamines the theoretical phase of researches as a synthesis of the empirical and the speculative,in contrast to the existing literature that presents the opposition between theoretical and empirical research. The steps of knowledge of the objective laws in a particular area are analysed: the empirical research,the non-fundamental theoretical,the speculative, and the fundamental theoretical; this analysis allows the generalization of the patterns of scientific research. Particular attention is paid to the speculative research and its main elements. The“methodological mechanism” of formation of new fundamental conceptions in science is unravelled. The essence of this mechanism consists of some non-logical cognitive operations (idealization, choice of “Gestalt”, substitution, generalization). The knowledge of corresponding combinations of these operations made by the investigator facilitates the process of research, decreases the probability of errors in the scientific cognition.
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The purpose of the article is to elaborate on the existing theory and practice about Defense Capabilities of the Republic of Bulgaria. Furthermore, by applying the systematic approach, it tries to propose a new method for building the National Defense Capability in order to achieve integrity. As a result, new conditions are established that contribute to the national defense system management; they are to be considered in a systematic context, and thus, social relations are placed at a new conceptual level.
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There is more than one definition for ‘migration’. Depending on how one handles the definition of the approach also changes. Reaching a consensus on a perfect definition of migration is almost impossible, since it has too many aspects to consider. In a very broad sense, migration can be defined as the process of the movement and the adaptation of people who move from one place to another for a set of reasons, including but not limited to fulfilling their needs, over a specific period of time (Brown & Moore, 1970). Whichever the definition of migration is taken into account, it is an event that changes almost everything both in the lives of migrating people and the people on the route. In a way, understanding the diachronic changes in history is achieved by looking at the migrations; people arriving at a place tend to change and cause some changes in the culture of the people that dwell in that place which creates a “Demographic Whirlwind” which can be both an opportunity or a threat (Morland, 2014, p. 8).
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Стефка Първева, Земята и хората през ХVІІ – първите десетилетия на ХVІІІ век. Овладяване и организация на аграрното и социалното пространство в Централните и Южните Балкани под османска власт. С., АИ, 2011, 482 p. ISBN: 978-954-322-422-7
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The article advances an approach to studying 20th century Jewish experience in the former Pale of Jewish Settlement that foregrounds individual biographies and places them in a larger cultural and historical context. Drawing on interviews and various other sources, this approach reveals, among others, how individuals challenge familiar categories of identification and thereby appeal to flexible research agendas.
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A propos de l’ouvrage de : Stoyan Atanassov De la littérature à la vie. Moyen âge, Temps modernes. Sofia, Colibri, 2016. [От литературата към живота. Средновековие, Ново време./ From Literature to Life. Middle Ages, Early Modern Period]
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The market relations of military organizations focus on the acquisition of material goods and/or services. Nonetheless, the importance of the decisions related to the supply process is sometimes minimized. This attitude is so harmful for the efficacy and efficiency of the activities conducted by the military structure that at times it can have a negative impact on the management staff too. Problems may occur because the acquisition process must unfold performance-oriented; its main objective is the purchasing of material goods and/or services meant to ensure the smooth operation of the activities of the military organization. In case this cannot be achieved, it is highly probable that the mission of the organization itself is compromised. The present article explores the constitutive elements of the acquisition decision-making situation, certainty, uncertainty and risk connected to the purchasing mechanism, as well as the stages of the acquisition decision-making process.
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In the modern world, there is an increasing demand for implants, and technologies connected with their manufacturing. One of the possible paths of their development relates to the use of diamond-like carbon coatings (DLC) for the improvement of surface properties of the biomaterials used for implants. Further improvement of the mentioned properties can be induced by means of doping of the coating. Among the elements which are under current investigation of researchers, the following can be placed: Ag, Si, F, Cu, Ti, Ca and P. This paper reviews previously published experimental data concerning mechanical and physicochemical properties of DLC coatings doped with Ag, Si, Cu, Ti, Ca, F and P as candidates for biomedical applications. Although plenty of articles are published in the mentioned field, the differences of coatings’ synthesis techniques, various sources of dopants and substrates, as well as conducted experiments make no consistent view about a possible solution for their future implementation in medicine. Some of the selected dopants (Cu, Ca, P), still require better characterisation of mechanical properties. There is a necessity to conduct studies of mechanical and physicochemical properties of DLC coatings doped with these elements. This will enable adjustment of the necessary technological parameters to biomedical requirements.
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With the end of the Cold War, the static environment, characteristic of thebipolar world, has changed quickly into a dynamic and complicated environmentwith new actors. These changes have also affected the countries’ armed forces andnew approaches to procurement/acquisition come into progress. After the Cold War,countries have focused on responding to changing threats with their decreasing defensebudgets. In this study, acquisition models and their effects on Turkey’s technologyacquisition and defense industry are evaluated. The evaluation is performed basedon criteria such as contribution to national economy, customization, acquisition cost,time and risk, life cycle cost, and technology acquisition. Major acquisition modelsin this study are determined as direct procurement, production under license, jointventure, indigenous development, production via international consortium. Finally,it is observed that the best model is indigenous development while the others willserve as technology acquisition for indigenous development.
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In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the identification and evaluation of the factors that affect the motivation, attitude and satisfaction of employees working as medical, health or auxiliary staff in health organizations, directly involved in the fight against the pandemic, was a desideratum of this scientific research. The results obtained maintained the conclusions formulated in previous research, the research model developed by the author, in order to facilitate the transformation of human resources management (HRM) in health organizations, proving its reliability in the current pandemic context, with a positive impact, in public health and in terms of national security.
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The end of the Cold War brought with it changes in the international security, with an escalation in intra-state conflicts, characterized by violence perpetuated by discernable and not so discrete foes. This challenge broadens dimensions of security to include human, social, economic, political, and environmental aspects which provide referent objects which are securitized. In line with securitization, a response to the asymmetric wars configured in terrorism whose preference is to attack“soft targets” such as people on holiday, revellers, shoppers, worshippers, and of particular concern to this study, university students. Unlike critical infrastructures which are well guarded by armed personnel, universities are core soft targets made of intellectuals and their trainees, who have bare military training and any inkling on how to respond in case of a terrorist attack. This makes such institutions susceptible as they hold tens of thousands of persons at any given time, making them a strategic attraction and target for terrorist aimed at causing maximum damage and fear among civilian populations.
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Kunckelné Fényes Ildikóval Gazsó Dániel beszélget
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The present article concerns civilian military education in secondary schools in Poland. The article presents the results of the author's own pilot studies on the axiological aspect of the functioning of military classes in secondary schools in Poland. The objective of the article is to specify the characteristics of the axiological aspects of the functioning of students of military classes based on an analysis of the results of the author's own studies, with particular focus on the interests, dimensions of development of personality traits, and the objectives of the respondents. The research method that was used was a diagnostic survey, the technique was a poll, and the research tool was a questionnaire. After a short description of the origins of military classes and of the research methods used, the authors analyse the axiological dimension of the functioning of the respondents: their interests, the directions of development of their personality traits, and their objectives. The conclusion contains answers to the research problems and a comparison of the values of the students of military classes to the values shared by young persons determined in contemporary studies in Poland.
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