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Korrates kordusi. Kreeka romaanides esinevatre kordusfiguuride vahendamisest

Author(s): Kadri Novikov / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 1-2/2021

The aim of this paper is to explore the possibilities of transferring the rhetorical figures, specifically the figures of repetition which occur in the Greek novels, into Estonian translation. The use and function of sound-repetitions, word- and stem-repetitions and structural repetitions in two Greek novels (Leucippe and Clitophon by Achilles Tatius from the 2nd century AD and Hysmine and Hysminias by Eustathius Macrembolites from the 12th century AD) are shortly described, examining which figures can be rendered into Estonian in exactly the same form, in which cases some minor changes have to be made and in which cases the figures have to be compensated by another device. Sometimes, when several different rhetorical figures are combined in a phrase or a sentence, it is not possible to construct the equivalent combination of figures in Estonian and consequently a figure may be lost in the translation altogether. Individually, most of the figures of repetition can be conveyed into Estonian in exactly the same form or with minor changes, but some of the repetitions are lost due to linguistic differences.

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Ivo Pranjković: Gramatičke graničnosti

Author(s): Ismail Palić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 19/2021

Review of: Ivo Pranjković, Gramatičke graničnosti, Hrvatska sveučilišna naklada, Zagreb, 2021, 194 str. (Review by Ismail Palić)

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SINTAKSIČKE I LEKSIČKO-SEMANTIČKE SPECIFIČNOSTI PRINTANIH MEDIJA

Author(s): Amela Bajrić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 3/2022

Newspapers represent mean of conveying the message and as a medium have a strong impact on all segments of society, but also reflect everything that happens in it and in this sense are suitable material for a variety of linguistic research. Analyzing the various sections of weekly and monthly magazines, the presence of syntactic and lexical-semantic stylistic figures can be noticed, as well as the frequent use of foreign words, primarily English, Greekism and Galician. As titles are a strong position of the text, they represent a stylistic tool of exceptional importance. They have multiple role in shaping the text (news, articles), so journalists often resort to various figurative elements. The analysis of the research corpus determined that the choice of stylistic means depends on the content of the text, ie. topics of the column, so in interviews, for example, you can find reticencies, rhetorical questions, comparisons and even cumulation. In the columns that treat beauty, health and fashion, we can see an enviable number of foreign words that describe new trends, and there are a few phrases. Nominative sentences, ellipses, metonymies are common in the titles, and lexemes of foreign origin intensify the meaning. The paper will therefore provide insight into the analysis from the aspect of language reflected in the presentation of the most frequent stylistic figures, means of expression and specific vocabulary used in specialized newspapers in Bosnia and Herzegovina, such as Azra and Gracija, which make up our research corpus.

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Stilistika u tekstovima iz tefsira prema djelu Safvetu t-tefasir

Author(s): Jusuf Ramić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 25/2021

Review of: Muhamed Ali es-Sabuni, Safvetu t-tefasir, tefsirun li l-Kur’ani l-kerimi, prvi, drugi i treći tom, treće izdanje, Daru s-Sabuni, Kairo, 1980.

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Proximization strategies used in Covid-19 prevention discourse: An STA based analysis of official guidelines issued in Pakistan

Author(s): Nosheen Irshad / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This study is an attempt to highlight the proximization strategies used in the Covid-19 preventive guidelines issued by the government of Pakistan. The theory of proximization (Cap 2017) has been taken as a theoretical framework for the present study and the analysis of the selected texts is guided by the spatial-temporal-axiological (STA) model (Cap 2013b). The guidelines issued by the government of Pakistan between March 25 and May 6, 2020, for the prevention of the disease have been selected as a sample for this study as they are expected to carry governmental plans for fighting the disease and the coercive strategies that have been used in order to make people act accordingly. Just like war, the situation of the pandemic spread calls for quick proposal of coercive strategies and their presentation in a way that can get the people on board with the institutional plans. With this in mind, the sample has been descriptively analyzed for the linguistic choices that indicate the spatial, temporal, and axiological proximization of the threat (Covid-19) in the light of proximization theory (Cap 2017). The results show that there are a significant number of linguistic markers that link the disease prevention discourse with the political intervention discourse, justifying the application of proximization theory (Cap 2017) to both of them. The evidence collected during the analysis establishes that the authorities use proximization strategies in disease prevention discourse in order to add to the fear appeal which helps in soliciting unconditional and quick legitimization of the proposed plan of action against the spreading disease.

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Question design in veterinary consultations: Question forms and client responses in accomplishing problem presentation in a Malaysian context

Author(s): Noorjan Hussein Jamal,Mei Yuit Chan,Shameem Rafik-Galea,Ngee Thai Yap,Geok Imm Lee,Puteri Azaziah Megat Abd Rani / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Question design by medical practitioners has been shown to have important consequences on how patients present their problems in clinical consultations. Linguistic structure of questions as part of question design implements different communicative and pragmatic functions, and hence, affects patients’ response in different ways. This study examined types of questions asked by veterinarians in the problem presentation phase of the clinical consultation in relation to their linguistic forms and functions. Veterinary illness consultations were video-recorded and veterinarians’ question types, their linguistic forms and clients’ response in the interaction were identified and examined. The results show that the general inquiry question implemented using the open-ended wh-question structure and the closed-ended declarative interrogative are the preferred forms used by veterinarians to solicit patients’ presenting problems from clients. Also, alignment of the linguistic form of questions with their pragmatic functions and the discourse goal of problem presentation affects clients’ ascription of veterinarians’ actions. The findings from the study can inform veterinarian communication training for more effective veterinarian-client communication to accomplish problem presentation in clinical consultations.

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On persuasive strategies: Metadiscourse practices in political speeches

Author(s): Hadi Kashiha / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

This study attempted to investigate the persuasive meaning of metadiscourse markers in political speeches to see to what extent and how persuasive discourse is constructed in this genre through metadiscourse practices. To this aim, twenty-six political speeches given by Barack Obama, a former president of the United States, were analyzed using a discourse analytic approach and following Hyland’s (2005ab) interpersonal models of metadiscourse to identify the frequency and persuasive function of interactive and interactional devices used. The findings indicated that the persuasive meaning conveyed by metadiscourse was for the most part context-dependent, which sometimes required the speaker to rely on a combination of devices to organize his discourse, persuade audiences,attract their attention and engage them in arguments. Furthermore, interactional devices were more frequently used than interactive ones, reflecting that engaging audiences in arguments and showing one’s attitude and evaluation towards propositions were more likely to contribute to constructing a persuasive political speech. Findings can be discussed in terms of raising the awareness of second language speakers toward the linguistic and pragmatic conventions of political discourse and how persuasive discourse is constructed through metadiscourse markers.

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Management of therapist directiveness in integrative psychotherapy: A corpus-assisted discourse study

Author(s): Jesse W. C. Yip / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Healthcare practitioners often face the dilemma of whether to provide advice during medical consultations due to concerns around affecting patients’ autonomy in decision making. Healthcare practitioners’ directiveness in patient–practitioner interactions may influence the success of medical consultations. Research has revealed that healthcare practitioners employ various communicative strategies and linguistic patterns to manage directiveness in medical consultations, such as the notions of likelihood and uncertainty, use of information, and politeness. Nonetheless, few scholars have examined how psychotherapists manage directiveness in counseling or psychotherapy sessions. Directives are inevitable speech acts in counseling or psychotherapy. Therapists may encounter challenges when producing directives, such as preventing clients from seeking their own solutions or clients becoming excessively dependent on therapists’ suggestions. Drawing upon the systems of mood and modality in systemic functional linguistics, this article employs a corpus-assisted approach to investigate therapists’ directives in terms of phraseological patterns, use of modality, and corresponding interpersonal meanings. Results reveal that therapists tend to manage directiveness by forming indicative directives and using low-value modulation modality. This article is the first corpus-assisted study to contribute to an understanding of therapist directiveness in psychotherapy from a lexico-grammatical perspective.

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LA RHÉTORIQUE PUBLICITAIRE

Author(s): Ioana Bud / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2022

The speed with which the world has evolved has caused a series of changes at the social level, but not only. Advertising is an integral part of social life and, today, influences more than we think, people's conception of certain aspects of daily life. Being, at the beginning, a means of representation of a product or an event, it has become, today, an instrument of persuasion, having several goals. In essence, advertising includes all the modalities through which a product can be promoted, and subsequently, purchased. Through this article, we propose to analyze the rhetoric of advertising expression, the types of texts in advertising, as well as the techniques most used in the translation of slogans and the difficulties that arise through this process.

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Ausiàs March: el poema LXXXII en rumano y en verso

Author(s): Oana-Dana Balaș,Alexandru M. Călin / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 2/2022

Against the background of the exuberant tradition of literary translation that haloes the poetic work of the Valencian and universal classic Ausiàs March, this article examines two Romanian translations in verse of the poem LXXXII Quan plau a Déu que la fusta peresca with the future aim of publishing a bilingual anthology of selected poems in Valencian and Romanian.

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Bridging the Gap between Cultures: The Translation of Cockney and Slang in G. B. Shaw’s “Pygmalion”

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Bridging the Gap between Cultures: The Translation of Cockney and Slang in G. B. Shaw’s “Pygmalion”

Author(s): Iris Rusu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

This article analyses the main drama translation strategies pertaining to the rendering of dialect and slang from English into Romanian with practical emphasis on “Pygmalion” (1914; 1941) by George Bernard Shaw. Moreover, it aims to review translation techniques and strategies which facilitate the translation of slang and dialect, more precisely Cockney, from English into Romanian. Amongst the strategies discussed here are: the application of a cultural filter and of local adaptation, the use of dialect compilation, pseudo-dialect translation, parallel dialect translation, dialect localization, and standardisation. The second half of this article scrutinises a selection of lines extracted from G. B. Shaw’s “Pygmalion,” comparing and contrasting the existing Romanian translations and suggesting new solutions to rendering culture-specific terms into Romanian.

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Skrzydlate słowa ktoś widzi ciemność a. ciemność widzi oraz ich modyfikacje we współczesnej polszczyźnie

Author(s): Dorota Połowniak-Wawrzonek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2022

In the contemporary Polish language, there are registered stable word-groups formed under the influence of a film or a TV serial. Quite frequently, preserved are titles of films, serials, fragments of utterances of their characters, fragments of the film songs. Among them distinguishable are the phrasemes, the winged words, coming from the films directed by Juliusz Machulski. In this article the word-group ktoś widzi ciemność or ciemność widzi was investigated, which today has a status of winged words. In certain contexts, structural meaning of the phrase ktoś widzi ciemność or ciemność widzi becomes visible, while in others the superimposed meaning is conveyed, i.e. ‘someone perceives reality pessimistically’ or ‘someone doesn’t know, doesn’t get it’. Sometimes both the structural meaning and one of the superimposed meanings are revived. In the texts, besides the canonical form of the phrase, its modifications also appear. For instance, registered were the listing phrases ktoś widzi jawność, ktoś taniość widzi, ktoś widzi postęp, as well as an adding modification ktoś ciemność widzi nad liniowym. The innovations reinforce the invariant.

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Lullabies, language analysis and features

Author(s): Majlinda Hala,Blegina Hasko Bezo / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2022

This paper seeks to analyze the lullabies – the folkloric creativity dedicated to children, which comes naturally through the mother’s mouth to the child. The lullabies under consideration have become part of the literary analysis about the meter, verse, literary figures as well as any particular characteristics by the provinces they come from, wanting to highlight and discover the psychological and emotional world that the mother has expressed through the verses. for the child. Epithets, comparisons, metaphors, alliterations, etc., and the approximation in the selection of stylistic figures make us think that this is the result of the commonality of the mother’s perceptions of the world around her. The presented materials come as comprehensive research, capturing creations from various regions of Albania and are part of folklore creations for children. As such, they constitute an indisputable wealth for the Albanian oral folklore and a national treasure that must be identified, conserved, used and transmitted to current and future generations.

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Individualitatea afectiv-estetică a textelor de presă scrisă religioasă creștin-ortodoxă

Author(s): Adriana Barbu Panfil / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The current Christian-orthodox religious publishing expresses, in all of its forms, the realization of the Church’s missionary vocation. Having a large capacity of adapting itself to the mundane reality, the Orthodox publicist act in Romania has found efficient ways of answering the demands associated with the missionary calling. The church printed press continues, even to this day, to attract the interest of the masses, from every age category, via the means of general characteristics, specific particularities and language used, which attribute substance and a distinction, as far as the media context of the modern society. Through the current paper we are setting out to prove the results of a detailed analysis, following the Romanian Orthodox religious journalistic speech, of the affective-aesthetic dimension.

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O analiză preliminară asupra situației inseratelor biblice în Filocalia de la Neamț (ms. nr. 1455 BAR)

Author(s): Claudiu-George Dulgheru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

The Philokalia is one of a series of books that contributed to the success of the movement to return Orthodoxy to the patristic sources, a fact proven by its wide distribution in the Orthodox world. Thus, in the 18th century, the first versions of the ‟Philokalia” were printed in Greek and Slavonic and the first translation of the Philokalic text into Romanian was also initiated. This is the ‟Philokalia of Neamţ (Monastery)” (Romanian ms. 1455 BAR), a Romanian version dating from the 18th century, unstudied and unknown to the general public. Little is known in the literature about the contribution of Romanian scholars to the project of a ‟Romanian Philokalia” and even less about the patristic and biblical sources used in the translation. This paper aims to analyse the biblical quotations in Romanian ms. no. 1455 BAR on the basis of the following criteria: the language from which they were translated, the form of the proper names of the biblical characters invoked, the degree of stylization (paraphrase, quotation, allusion) and the possible sources of the Romanian version of the biblical quotations. Related to this, we aim to clarify, as far as possible, issues related to the circulation of the Romanian biblical versions at the Neamţ Monastery and their use within this school of translators.

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Pięć wersji tekstu „Ulissesa”. Lukullusowa uczta dla filologów

Author(s): Jerzy Paszek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (20)/2022

The article discusses, both polemically and critically, a few instances in which Maciej Świerkocki, in his new translation of James Joyce’s Ulysses, renders the novel’s puns into Polish. In order to indicate other possible translations in this regard, the author of the article quotes from previous Polish version by Maciej Słomczyński and the Czech translation by Aloys Skoumal.

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Kulturološki uvjetovana tematska polja s riječima perzijskog porijekla u bosanskom jeziku

Author(s): Amela Šehović,Đenita Haverić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2019

The paper analyzes the words of the Persian origin represented in the thematic fields that reflect the material and spiritual culture of these areas, which is why many of them can be seen as realia. Also, it seeks to determine what is their stylistic potential in the Bosnian language, i.e. whether they belong to the active or passive vocabulary of the Bosnian language. In that sense, the paper indicates that they can be substituted by the Slavic origin lexemes, but also the fact that many of these expressions belong to non-equivalent or hardly replaceable lexicon.

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Kes või mis oli Jörru?

Author(s): Külli Prillop / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 7/2022

In 1695 Christian Kelch, the then pastor of Järva-Jaani, published his chronicle “Liefländische Historia”, which also contained an Estonian folk song titled “Jörru, jörru”, with German translation. This was the first Estonian folk song to appear in print; owing to Johann Gottfried von Herder it became known even more widely. Despite repeated analysis of the text, the meaning of jörru has remained a mystery to this day. In Herder’s “Volkslieder” there is a note explainig Jörru as the male name Georg. This interpretation has been predominant, although it contradicts Kelch’s original explanation of Jörru being a young man’s word of address for his beloved girl. Possibly Herder did not find the text in Kelch’s chronicle but in a Königsberg newspaper, where the song had been published in 1764 without Kelch’s comment. Kelch, however, had a good reason to explicate the meaning of Jörru, as he wanted to refute an earlier claim that Jörru refers to Jerusalem and the song as a whole expresses the longing of a people for their former homeland. The article hypothesizes that jörru is the Middle Low German gör ‘girl’. In the local variant of Low German it was normal that before a front vowel g would be pronounced as j; another expected change is ö > õ. The word-final vowel u is a diminutive suffix. The lengthening of the r-sound can be accounted for by diminutive gemination. In addition to the etymology for jörru the meanings of some other archaic words and expressions occurring in the song are specified.

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Alcune osservazioni sul tono aggressivo nella lettera commerciale in italiano e in romeno

Author(s): Diana Sopon / Language(s): Italian Issue: 2/2022

Based on Infante’s concept of verbal aggressiveness, the article presents a new perspective on understanding the business letter. By means of stylistic, rhetorical, morphological, syntactical and lexical approaches, it reveals expressions of irony, mockery, derision, intimidation, menace, all of them considered to be forms of aggressiveness in Infante’s theory. The article scrutinizes these forms of aggressiveness in Italian and Romanian business letters. The analysis is performed separately for each business letter. Equivalent aspects are emphasized in the last part of the article, suggesting a predominantly common linguistic pattern of expressing aggressiveness in Italian and Romanian business letters.

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ANALYSE ETHNO-LINGUISTIQUE DES MÉCANISMES DE (DÉ) CONSTRUCTION DU CODE CULTUREL À PARTIR DES NOMS DE RITES ET FÊTES MAFA

Author(s): Candice Guemdjom Kengne,Abdias Chele / Language(s): French Issue: 34/2022

Starting from the actions implemented by the majority of African States in favor of the promotion and popularization of mother tongues, this work, in the extension of this happy initiative, sets itself the objective of highlighting the mechanisms of (de) construction of the cultural code in mafa country. In culture, defined by Diki-Kidiri (2008) as “The set of lived experiences, productions made and knowledge generated by a human community living in a space, at the same time”. As part of this study, we were specifically interested in the designating names of some Mafa rites (13) and festivals (18) collected from 08 officials of the Mafa cultural center and guarantors of the Mafa culture in Mokolo (Far North, Cameroon). This explains the choice of the qualitative approach from where we targeted informants likely to inform us about the names of rites and festivals as well as their content. With regard to the theoretical framework, an emphasis is placed on ethnolinguistics understood as the study of the relationship between language, culture and society (Griaule, 1997), to which we have associated the concept of experience dear to psychomechanics. language that participates in the (re)construction of representations. Thus, speaking of the results, it follows that the cultural code is constructed linguistically from lexico-semantic processes referring to various experiences relating to their living environment and their activities. Mafa rites and festivals are therefore significant events in the annual calendar of the Mafa people.

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