Стилске фигуре у дискусијама о лингвистичким темама у друштвеним медијима

Author(s): Jelena Lj. Spasić,Natasha Spasic,Jelena R. Danilović Jeremić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2023

Over the last few decades, Internet-based communication has become an increasingly dominant form of information exchange. Not surprisingly, the development and use of social media have led to language change. At the same time, opportunities have arisen for linguists to explore and analyze the linguo-stylistic characteristics of social media usage. Therefore, this paper deals with the dilemmas and comments posted by the members of the Facebook and Instagram communities Jezičke nedoumice (Eng. Linguistic Dilemmas) and Dnevna doza pravopisa (Eng. A Daily Dose of Standard Serbian), as well as the Krstarica forum Jezik (Eng. Language). These communities were formed with the aim of solving linguistic issues and improving the linguistic knowledge of their users. Our research will focus on the nature of posts and comments on the popular social media websites, in terms of their linguistic and stylistic features. Its aim is to identify and classify these features by examining the rhetorical devices used. The collection of the corpus material relied on the presence of the following stylemes in the social media discussions on linguistic topics: (1) phonostylemes, (2) semantostylemes, (3) syntaxostylemes, and (4) graphostylemes.

Стилско-језичке карактеристике "Успомена" Милана Петровића

Author(s): Janko Ivanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2023

The paper highlights and describes the characteristic linguistic and stylistic features of Milan Petrović’s memoirs. The aim of the paper is to single out and describe the basic linguistic and stylistic features of the language by applying grammatical and linguistic criteria and methods. Given that it is a memoir, we tried to determine whether elements of a literary-artistic or scientific functional style prevail in the book. Eight memoir texts by this author are included in the analysis. The conducted analysis of Milan Petrović’s style and language in his book suggests several important conclusions. His style is simple, the sentence is narrative, never structurally complicated, with a small number of clauses in its composition. It is an essayistic-scientific style, with many literary touches, with conscious literarization, carried out with the aim of achieving greater beauty of the language. In addition to all this, in the language of Milan Petrović we also find purely scientific linguistic features, such as decomposed predicates, the frequent use of adverbs, as well as the author’s ‘we’, and many historical facts. As for the grammatical features, his language does not differ much from the modern Serbian language. Given that Milan Petrović lived and worked in the area of the Šumadija-Vojvodina dialect, which became the basis of the standard Serbian language, there are very few deviations from the norm in his language. On the other hand, the narration, as well as all the linguistic features underlying his memoirs, represent their most immanent characteristic. That is why we cannot view his memoirs exclusively as a scientific-historical text, but as a literary text, which also contains certain scientific elements.

Rozmowa pisana. Parametry formalne i pragmatyczne wypowiedzi na forach dyskusyjnych w Internecie

Author(s): Katarzyna Wołowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXI/2022

The aim of the article is to describe formal exponents of discourse on the Internet forum, which is an interactive discourse created in writing, and to define the specificity of this form of communication from a pragmatic perspective. The analysis of the examples taken from Polish discussion fora focuses on three main issues, i.e., the stylistic form of speech (i.e., the method of translating the oral style into a written form), the organisation of the discussion structure (the system of replies, the mode, the order of speaking), as well as the availability of relevant contextual data and contact with the interlocutor. As shown by the analysis, the above-mentioned parameters of a network discussion show significant differences as compared with those related to direct conversation, and this discrepancy generates equally important pragmatic consequences. This leads to the conclusion that the exchange of opinions on an online forum is not only a transfer of a typical face-to-face interaction into a virtual communication space, but also is a separate form of a polylogue combining the features of an oral conversation and a written style in terms of the possibilities offered by both modes and related restrictions.

Gwara jako tworzywo tekstów literackich (analiza językowa wybranych utworów pisarzy regionalnych z czeskiej części śląska Cieszyńskiego)

Author(s): Irena Bogoczová,Małgorzata Bortliczek / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXI/2022

This article aims to analyse dialect stylisation of literary texts written by authors from the Czech part of Cieszyn Silesia. This analysis was grounded in linguistic (stylistic) theories of hierarchical language and text structure. The article brings definitional and terminological considerations relating to the subject of stylisation as well as the results of a study of authentic linguistic material. From the point of view of stylistic analysis, the division of local authors into members of the Polish minority and those who belong to the Czech-speaking majority is important. It turns out that the dialect in the works of Polish authors serves, among other things, as an exponent of Polishness and, in the case of Czech authors, it is a kind of advertisement for the region, hitherto rather unnoticed by Czechs from other parts of the Czech Republic. The literature under study deserves to be highlighted for its thematic originality and for its linguistic stylisation. The cultural, social or regional embedding of the plot has a unique character, resulting from the unique history of Cieszyn Silesia. This text offers a rich exemplification of the conclusions formulated by the authors whose analysis is a linguistic voice in the discussion of the specific cultural situation of the Czech part of Cieszyn Silesia.

Анна петрикова, феномен языковой личности в свете христианского дискурса (на материале проповедей д. Смирнова)

Author(s): Małgorzata Wideł-Ignaszczak / Language(s): Russian Issue: XXXI/2022

Review of: Анна петрикова, феномен языковой личности в свете христианского дискурса (на материале проповедей д. Смирнова), Прешов: Издательство Prešovska univerzita v Prešove, Filozofická fakulta, 2021, 150 s.

Ulla Fix, Stil – Denkstil – Text – Diskurs. Die Phänomene und Ihre Zusammenhänge

Author(s): Waldemar Czachur / Language(s): Polish Issue: XXXI/2022

Review of: Ulla Fix, Stil – Denkstil – Text – Diskurs. Die Phänomene und Ihre Zusammenhänge, Berlin: Frank & Timme GMBH, 2021, 576 s.

“The Thunder Rolls and the Lightning Strikes”: Pathetic Fallacy as a Multimodal Metaphor

Author(s): Kimberley Pager-McClymont / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Pathetic fallacy (hereafter PF) has received varied definitions by educators, scholars, and literary critics. Pager-McClymont created a model of PF based on a survey of English teachers, using a checklist of stylistic tools and foregrounding theory. The model views PF as a specific type of conceptual metaphor: a master metaphor, and defines it as a projection of emotions from an animated entity onto the surroundings. Three indicators of PF were identified: imagery, repetition, and negation. Furthermore, multiple effects of PF were observed, such as conveying suspense through surroundings, particularly thunder and lightning. In this paper, I explore if Pager-McClymont’s model of PF can be applied to texts from popular culture, such as the television show RuPaul’s Drag Race, the film Clue, and the song “The Thunder Rolls”. The analysis employs McIntyre’s multimodal stylistic methodology to the texts’ transcripts and focuses on the multimodal presentation of PF’s criteria and indicators. Findings show that PF’s effects are present in popular culture texts and contribute to enriching suspense, thus making Pager-McClymont’s model of PF applicable to everyday entertainment.

LE SOUS-TITRAGE – À LA CROISÉE ENTRE L’ORAL ET L’ÉCRIT, ENTRE INTERPRÉTARIAT ET TRADUCTION

Author(s): Otilia-Maria COJOCARU / Language(s): French Issue: 25/2021

Specialists in the field find very difficult to define the interlinguistic subtitling from a theoretical point of view, because it does not only involve the passage from one language to another, but also the passage from oral to writing and finally to reading. Nowadays, due to the phenomenon of globalization, the translation is an absolute necessity, while subtitling has become the most widely read translation in the world. Therefore, the need to understand and define the practice of subtitling is more and more acute. The present article deals with the problem of subtitling as a hybrid discipline at the crossroads between oral and written, between interpretation and translation.

THE GEOLOGY-BASED METAPHOR AND ITS INVERSE FORM

Author(s): Lidija Beko,Marija Đorđević / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

This paper deals with the use of the geology-based metaphor in common and field-specific English, while including the concept of the “inverse metaphor” which has proven highly important for specific vocabulary learning and initial understanding. The geology based metaphor proves to have great potential for practical application in L2 vocabulary teaching, especially when it comes to explaining new field-specific terms. The paper is divided into several sections, the first one being a general introduction to the fields of metaphor and its relation to the language of science, as well as its usage in L2 vocabulary teaching. The second part deals with the typology of the geology-based metaphor and the specificities of the metaphor itself, whereas the third part focuses on a phenomenon noticed in our teaching practice at the Faculty of Mining and Geology which has been termed “inverse metaphor” in the study of the theory of metaphor. The last section explains our views on the importance of using the geology-based metaphor known from everyday English in the language classroom, alongside final conclusions, and remarks. This paper will hopefully provide more insight into the full capacity of the applicability of the geology-based metaphor.

Limba semnelor: de la elementele de taxonomie la aspecte practice ale limbii semnelor române

Author(s): Ioana Tufar / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2023

The present paper concerns fundamental aspect of Sign Language, from historical elements at international and national levels to taxonomical elements for a better understanding of pragmatic elements of Sign language. The taxonomy of Sign Language is a difficult task since the analysis isolates the processes which, in fact, may intervene to create a sign. In the application part we will focus on a proposal of Romanian Sign Language taxonomy and in the final part there are examples in the context of the five descriptive parameters: the handshapes, the position of the hand in relation to the body, the orientation of the palm, the movement and the non-manual signs as aspects correlated with facial expressions.

SOME ASPECTS REGARDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STYLISTICS AND PSYCHOLINGUISTICS

Author(s): Anca-Giorgiana MANTA (PANDURU) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 27/2021

Due to its interdisciplinary nature, psycholinguistics has many correlations with other fields and a wide field of application. In the present study, we will focus on the relationship between stylistics and psycholinguistics, given the multiple implications of the latter in stylistics, poetry, literary criticism in general.

When do Metaphorical Frames Exhibit Psycholinguistic Effects? The Case of the Ego-Moving and Time-Moving Metaphor in Climate Change

Author(s): Mateusz-Milan Stanojević,Mirjana Tonković,Anita Peti-Stantić / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

In this paper we discuss the framing effects of the ego- vs. time-moving metaphor in relation to climate change. Previous studies have found that time-moving metaphors (e.g., climate disaster is approaching us) led participants to assess the urgency and perceived risk of climate change as higher than ego-moving metaphors (e.g., we are approaching climate disaster). Our results did not show the framing effect of metaphor, but observed individual differences in participants’ political orientation. We discuss factors that may influence framing and argue for a non-reductionist perspective of discourse or experimental studies.

Семантико-стилистичен поглед върху две звуковоподобни думи с отрицателна експресия („мънкам“ и „мрънкам“)

Author(s): Konstantin Popov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2000

LEXICAL BORROWING IN THE LIGHT OF DIGITAL RESOURCES: NYET AS A CASE STUDY

Author(s): Mirosława Podhajecka / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The mere appearance of a foreign word does not necessarily mark the birth of a loanword, which requires documented usage by the speech community. Relatively little research has been dedicated so far to the “prenatal” stage that would investigate the tentative infiltration of foreign-derived words. Nyet, a borrowing from Russian, is taken as a case in point. Although its first recorded instance in the Oxford English Dictionary (OED3) is dated to 1928, it had been increasingly recognized in English for several decades. This article focuses on textual attestations for nyet discovered in a range of digital resources, including British and American newspaper archives, and discusses their usefulness as potential antedatings for OED3’s entry.

THE FATE OF MID-20TH-CENTURY SPORTS LOANWORDS FROM ENGLISH IN POLISH

Author(s): Radosław Dylewski,Magdalena Bator / Language(s): English Issue: s1/2021

In recent years, we have observed a huge influx of vocabulary borrowed from English into Polish; these are words either of English origin or borrowed through English. At the same time, the number and variety of scholarly investigations trying to illustrate the extent of anglicisms in Polish and systematise the semantic fields which draw from English the most have increased. Most of them deal with the latest borrowings, often representing professional jargon or spoken language. In this paper we will discuss anglicisms which entered Polish over sixty years ago and remained in the sports lexicon until today. The article is a tribute to the late professor Jacek Fisiak, who offered the first in-depth analysis of sports vocabulary borrowed from English into Polish. His Ph.D. monograph (1961) and the subsequent article (1964) have shown a special place of sports terminology among anglicisms in Polish. The lexical items which Fisiak collected in the early sixties of the twentieth century have been tested not only in terms of their fate, but also the degree of grammatical and orthographic assimilation, as well as semantic changes the lexemes have undergone. The study is based on two large corpora of Polish: the Narodowy Korpus Języka Polskiego and Odkrywka, comprising texts from the 18th century until the present time.

DISSECTING THE WORD: THE USE OF THE LEXEME SHIT IN SELECTED PERFORMANCES OF COMEDIAN DAVE CHAPPELLE’S STAND-UP ROUTINE

Author(s): Radosław Dylewski / Language(s): English Issue: s1/2021

The paper explores the use of the lexeme shit in the corpus of Dave Chappelle’s stand-up specials released between 2000 and 2019. It consists of two parts: theoretical and analytical. The first one presents theoretical and pragmatic considerations connected with stand-up routines, touches upon slang semantics, and depicts the links between Dave Chappelle’s stage persona and the hip hop community. Lastly, it presents the reader with the past and present-day status of the lexeme at issue. In the analytical section of the paper the use of shit in the aforesaid corpus is scrutinized from the semantic angle. The discussion is supplemented with the results culled from the corpus of rap lyrics compiled at the Faculty of English at Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań. The paper argues that (i) shit has lost its taboo status and is mainly used in both corpora as a less formal equivalent of stuff, anything and something and (ii) Chappelle’s stage use of shit, even though present in a different context and serving context-specific purposes, corresponds to the use of African American rappers in their song lyrics (assuming that rap lyrics depict African American English, this conclusion can be extended to the sociolect of African Americans).

A LESSON FOR COVIDIOTS ABOUT SOME CONTACT INDUCED BORROWING OF AMERICAN ENGLISH MORPHOLOGICAL PROCESSES INTO DUTCH

Author(s): Camiel Hamans / Language(s): English Issue: s1/2021

This paper discusses morphological borrowing from American-English to Dutch. Three processes of non-morphemic word formation are studied: embellished clipping (Afro from African), libfixing (extracting segments from opaque wordforms such -topia from utopia and -(po)calypse from apocalypse) and blending (stagflation < stagnation + inflation). It will be shown that the borrowing of these processes started with borrowing of English lexical material followed by a process of reinterpretation, which subsequently led to the (re-)introduction of the processes in Dutch. Therefore, the traditional distinction between MAT and PAT borrowing turns out to be inadequate. Instead of a clear-cut difference between lexical and morphological borrowing a borrowing cline will be proposed. The respective ends of this cline are MAT and PAT.

„Przez kryzys przejdziemy suchą stopą, może tylko trochę umoczoną”. Werbalne środki perswazyjne w wypowiedziach Mateusza Morawieckiego na temat pandemii koronawirusa w Polsce

Author(s): Ewelina Gajewska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 38/2022

The article attempts to analyze the verbal means of persuasion appearing in the statements of Prime Minister Mateusz Morawiecki on the coronavirus pandemic. The material selected for analysis includes statements from the period: 14.03.2020-08.03.2022. The start date is the day of declaring the state of epidemic emergency in Poland, and the final date – refers to the statements from the first week of the state’s operation after the lifting of most sanitary restrictions.The method of linguistic analysis of lexical and grammatical planes was used, with particular emphasis on persuasive means implementing 4 rhetorical mechanisms according to Stanisław Barańczak.

Procedeul de metonimizare în inteligența artificială (în limbile engleză și română)

Author(s): Cristina Nichita / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2 (320)/2023

In this article, we address term creation in 3 terms from the domain of artificial intelligence, which are representative and revelatory for the study of reterminologization in the triad of the specialized domains of emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence and artificial intelligence. The study of reterminologization in the announced triad traces conceptual interferences to state-of-the-art terms created in the domain of artificial intelligence, in particular, through metonymization. The domain of artificial intelligence is a dynamic and prolific one, with a terminological variety that allows the study of conceptual interferences inspired from the domain of human intelligence. The terms that are subject to analysis in the article have a high degree of complexity and conceptually encompass the triad of emotional, cognitive and artificial intelligence.

Zwischen Monismus und Pluralismus der juristischen Fachsprache

Author(s): Natalia Kohtamäki / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2023

The main thesis of the article concerns the pluralism of expert legal language. Such an assumption contradicts the tradition of development of legal dogmatics, which, especially in its conservative approach, assumes monism of legal language. New trends in social sciences introduce post-positivist approaches that suggest a multiplicity of research perspectives. This multiplicity is also translated into modifications of the conceptual grid. The Eurocentric vision of law is one of many parallel narratives, and the reception of European models has nowadays an increasingly conscious and functionally justified character. The various narratives which condition the understanding of law in many contexts related to who interprets a given norm. This is not strictly related only to the legal family itself, or to the particular system of law in which the interpreted norm is anchored. It is rather about pluralism connected with diversity of perception resulting directly from conditions connected with the researcher-interpreter himself. It may be an expert in law connected with an academic centre, or a judge, whose education, cultural environment he comes from, mother tongue he speaks, or specific professional experience influence his understanding of the world and his understanding of law. In this case, there is a multiplicity of narratives and a plurality of legal language.