Esej o malarstwie

Author(s): Denis Diderot / Language(s): Polish

One of the most well-known texts written about art and also an exceptional phenomenon in 18th-century writing on art. Very soon after publication (1795) it was circulated internationally and by the beginning of Romanticism it had already become a classic of art commentary. It sums up a period of several years of Diderot’s life, in a large part devoted to the arts, preceded by years of deliberations on the physiological determinants of the reception of art and by studies on the psychology of creativity.

Sztuka Burgundii i Niderlandów 1380-1500. T. I: Sztuka dworu burgundzkiego oraz miast niderlandzkich

Author(s): Antoni Ziemba / Language(s): Polish

The volume encompasses the Burgundian art and culture related mainly to the prince’s court in Dijon and Paris, as well as the Netherlandish art created in the middle-class circles, primarily in the wealthy cities of Flanders and Brabant (Burgundian-Netherlandish tapestries, goldsmithing and miniature painting, Burgundian panel painting, Burgundian monumental stone and bronze sculpture and Netherlandish mobile wooden sculpture). First of three volumes presenting the synthesis of the artistic culture in an important region of old Europe, written by the expert on the subject. The series can be read as a thorough analysis for the specialists, as a coursebook for the students and as an interesting book for the wider public.

Listy. Wybór

Author(s): Johann Joachim Winckelmann / Language(s): Polish

A selection of the most interesting letters from the years 1745-1768, showing different motivations and aspects of personality of Johann Joachim Winckelmann (1717-1768) and presenting the changes in the aesthetic awareness in the 18th century. The letters, written by one of the most influential art writers of the Enlightenment, are of great importance for the formation of new models of perceiving art in 18th century Europe. They considerably influenced artistic and aesthetic critical writing.

Политическите послания в турските сериали по българските телевизии и "Нетфликс"

Author(s): Zhana Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 10/2021

The text presents the main conclusions based on the study of the political messages in the Turkish series broadcasted on Bulgarian television and on Netflix. The main political messages in the series, showed on Bulgarian television, are the responsibility for decisions, connect with the life of a woman and a child. Among the important political topics are: migration, education abroad and returning home, conflicts between rich and poor.

Националната система „Живи човешки съкровища – България“ между съхраняването на фолклора и опазването на нематериалното културно наследство

Author(s): Iva Stanoeva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

This article reviews two co-existing and mutually conflicting concepts in Bulgaria: the one of folklore and the policies of its conservation in the course of the 20th century, and the one of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and the efforts for safeguarding it following the adoption, in 2003, of the relevant UNESCO Convention. A comparison is made between the folklore festivals, characteristic of the second half of the 20th century, and the Living Human Treasures Bulgaria National System, created in 2008 as one of the fundamental cultural policies of the Republic of Bulgaria in this sphere, which has resulted in the compiling of the National Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage. Based on observations made during several of its consecutive iterations conducted so far, the article seeks to outline important aspects and issues of the rationalization of ICH and its safeguarding at the present moment. The author draws on her experience as a member of the team of scholars at the Institute of Ethnology and Folklore Studies with Ethnographic Museum of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (IEFSEM – BAS), which has been participating actively at expert level in the implementation of the 2003 Convention in Bulgaria.

Прилагане на Конвенция 2003 в читалищата – нематериално културно наследство и архиви

Author(s): Stela Nenova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The 2003 Convention and Its Implementation in Bulgaria

Читалищата и опазването на нематериалното културно наследство в градска среда (Проект „Образи и смисъл“ на Народно читалище „Отец Паисий – 1893“, гр. Велинград)

Author(s): Silvena Bayrakova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

The 2003 Convention and Its Implementation in Bulgaria

Приносът на Националния музей на Корея за опазването на нематериалното културно наследство

Author(s): Miglena Ivanova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2023

Events

The Manufactory of Old French Psalters.

Author(s): Chapel Alessia,Vladimir Agrigoroaei / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2023

Pentru a înțelege mai bine relațiile intertextuale dintre psaltirile franceze medievale, întoarcerea la o sursă fundamentală precum Psaltirea de la Oxford (manuscrisul Oxford, Biblioteca Bodleiană, Douce 320) este esențială. Astfel, unul dintre scopurile acestui articol este cel de a pune bazele unui studiu al modificărilor de natură textuală reprezentate de numeroase ștersături care reflectă procesul de redactare și spun povestea acestui manuscris. Deoarece studiul este de amploare, a fost necesară segmentarea lui în mai multe publicații. În această primă etapă, după o introducere care analizează relațiile manuscrisului Douce 320 cu alte manuscrise din familia sa (de exemplu, Londra, British Library, Arundel MS 230), autorii discută ștersăturile legate de fluctuația vocalelor și diftongilor în ortografia anumitor cuvinte. Analiza tratamentului dentalelor finale ocupă apoi secțiuni referitoare la anumite forme verbale ale modurilor indicativ, conjunctiv și participiu. Acestea sunt completate de studii privind ștergerea unui -e- interconsonantic în formele de viitor și oscilarea între -r- și dublu -rr- în formele de viitor ale verbului estre. În cele ce urmează, ștersăturile și/sau corecturile legate de dentale permit de asemenea să fie abordată problema declinării, nu numai în cazul participiilor, ci și a mai multor substantive și adjective. Cercetarea se concentrează apoi pe studii de caz: ștergerea unui –n final în enfer(n), iur(n) și car(n); ezitările scribului legate de ortografia conjuncției car; înlocuirea frecventă a lui q cu c în cuvântul quer/cuer; ezitarea între folosirea conjuncției mais sau a conjuncției acertes; precum și multiplele opțiuni de a traduce sufixul latin –tio. O paranteză deschisă cu privire la anumite adăugiri și/sau corecturi sugerează posibilitatea ca manuscrisul Douce 320 să nu fie o traducere autografă a Psaltirii St. Albans (păstrată la Hildesheim, Dombibliothek, St. Godehard 1). Scribul ar fi folosit mai degrabă o sursă latină cu o glosă vernaculară interliniară. Această deducție pare să fie confirmată și de utilizarea unei liniuțe de unire, pe care copistul o folosește pentru a compensa erori probabile de transcriere. Ipoteza aceasta este susținută mai ales de cercetarea asupra câtorva „ștersături lungi”. Ele par a privi unități de transcriere a căror modificare este legată de structura și interconectarea textuală cu o sursă care prezintă atât un text latin, cât și o glosă interliniară. În încheierea acestei părți, după ce au prezentat, spre comparație, exemple preluate din Psaltirea Winchester și Psaltirea Arundel, autorii propun reconstituirea unui segment de text care ar putea fi mai aproape de sursa manuscrisului Douce 320. Articolul se încheie cu o comparație cu precedentele în limba engleză veche și cu o transcriere a fragmentelor de la Maidstone, Centrul și Biblioteca de Istorie Kent, Fa/Z1 (fragmentul Faversham i). Continuarea cercetării este prevăzută pentru următorul număr al revistei Museikon.

Echoes

Author(s): / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2023

ILLUSTRATIONS

Author(s): Rossen Malchev,Konstantin Rangochev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 23/2024

Free to hate. Ключово изследване на Мартин Маринос за отношението между медиите и десния популизъм в България

Author(s): Orlin Spassov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2024

This review presents Martin Marinos's Free to Hate: How Media Liberalization Enabled Right-Wing Populism in Post-1989 Bulgaria (University of Illinois Press, 2023). Marinos's in-depth analysis reveals the close link between the media and the rise of right-wing populism in post-socialist Bulgaria. Marinos focuses on the connections between phenomena such as neoliberalism, racism, populism, and media commercialization.

Международната научна конференция „Поп-култура, поп-политика: дигиталният обрат“, посветена на проф. Ивайло Дичев

Author(s): Niya Neykova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 16/2024

44 scientists participated in the International Scientific Conference dedicated to Prof. Ivaylo Dichev, on the topic: Pop-culture, Pop-politics: The Digital Turn. Interdisciplinary Analyses Of The Intersectionality Between Media, Cultures And Politics. The conference concludes the research project "Pop-culture, pop-politics: The digital turn. Interdisciplinary analyses of the intersection between media, cultures and politics" of the Sofia University. The conference was implemented with the help of the Cultural Studies Network, the journal "Seminar_BG", the Department of "Radio and Television" of the Faculty of Journalism and Mass Communication, and the Department of "History and Theory of Culture" at the Faculty of Philosophy, together with scientists from the Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.

Hell and Individual Punishment Scenes in an in the Church of the Transfiguration of the Saviour at Gardenitsa, Mani (Greece). With Special Attention to a Depiction of the ‘Time of Man’.

Author(s): Panayotis Katsafados / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

L’une des plus curieuses représentations du cycle du Jugement dernier de la péninsule de Mani (La-conie) peut être admirée dans le narthex de l’église de la Transfiguration, dans le village de Gardenitsa. Les représentations des pécheurs ont été initialement attribuées à un artiste du xviiie siècle, mais des travaux de restauration récents ont remis en question l’ancienne datation en faveur du xve siècle. L’Auteur montre, grâce à une analyse paléographique, que les caractéristiques des lettres et un certain nombre de particularités stylistiques peuvent être attribuées à un peintre local, Nomikos, dont l’oeuvre comprend d’autres églises peintes dans la région au début du xive siècle : l’église Saint-Georges à Marasse / Kitta, l’église Saint-Nicolas à Nymphi et le catholicon du monastère de Phaneromeni. Les peintures et les inscriptions de Gardenitsa pourraient être datées d’environ 1326/1327 et elles seraient, peut-être, parmi les dernières créations du peintre Nomikos. Contrairement aux châtiments individuels de pécheurs tels qu’on les connaît dans les peintures crétoises, chypriotes ou même serbes, le cycle peint sur la voûte ouest de l’église de Gardenitsa présente quelques traits qui le particularisent. Dans les huit cadres, regroupés en deux groupes de quatre sur les côtés nord et sud de la voûte, l’accent est sou-vent mis sur le clergé et les personnes qui lui sont liées (les femmes des prêtres, par exemple). Il n’y a pas de péchés de nature agricole ou familiale, et l’une des scènes représente un personnage mystérieux, ac-compagné d’une inscription qui se réfère au ‘Temps de l’homme’. C’est d’ailleurs la seule représentation d’un pé-cheur à Gardenitsa qui ne trouve pas de terme de comparaison dans les cycles de pécheurs d’autres régions du Commonwealth byzantin. L'auteur identifie un certain nombre de modèles qui semblent avoir fusionné pour créer une représentation entièrement nouvelle. Le premier est certainement la parabole du mauvais riche et de Lazare, dont la place est souvent parmi les scènes accompagnant le Jugement dernier, sauf que le riche représenté à Gardenitsa ne conserve que certaines caractéristiques iconographiques de la scène attendue. Une autre image qui semble avoir été utilisée dans la scène de Gardenitsa peut être celle de l’homme poursuivi par une licorne dans une parabole de l’histoire de Barlaam et Josaphat. L’arbre sur lequel s’appuie le riche de Gardenitsa et les deux chiens noir et blanc (au lieu des souris), symbolisant le jour et la nuit, sont des éléments qui semblent avoir été repris de cet autre modèle. Le troisième modèle pourrait être une série d’images que l’on retrouve dans des psautiers occidentaux. Après un inventaire succinct d’autres représentations occidentalisantes retrouvées dans la péninsule de Mani ou dans le reste du Péloponnèse, l’auteur conclut que les modèles fusionnés par l’artiste de Gardenitsa proviennent de manuscrits. Il pourrait s’agir des mêmes manuscrits que le donateur (aujourd’hui anonyme) semble offrir au Christ dans la scène votive. On suppose que ce fondateur est peut-être à l’origine des innovations iconographiques en question.

Woodcut Illustrations to the Gospel Text in Early Printed Cyrillic Liturgical Tetraevangelia. Part 1: Lviv editions.

Author(s): Jerzy Ostapczuk / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

Le présent article se concentre sur les cycles d'images narratives de l'Évangile, présents dans les premiers Tétraévangiles liturgiques imprimés en cyrillique et publiés à Lviv. Les sept éditions des Évangiles publiées par l'imprimerie de la Confrérie de Lviv, ainsi que celle publiée par Mykhailo Slozka, comportent de nombreuses illustrations narratives placées en lien direct avec les versets qui décrivent les scènes représentées. Une étude approfondie de ces cycles évangéliques d'images narratives, ainsi que les changements que les illustrations ont subis dans chaque édition, nous permettent de classer les modèles de représentation en trois groupes, et de diviser les huit Tétraévangiles de Lviv en deux groupes. Deux annexes présentent toutes les images narratives gravées sur bois dans les éditions des Évangiles de Lviv. Le premier appendice contient des représentations d'événements évangéliques dans les Tétraévangiles de Lviv, tandis que le deuxième appendice présente les illustrations narratives de l'édition de Mykhailo Slozka.

Le portrait dans les anciens livres roumains imprimés.

Author(s): Policarp Chițulescu / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2024

The painted, engraved, or sculpted portrait is an attempt to immortalize a person and preserve their memory. Often, portraits served both didactic and aesthetic purposes, particularly in religious texts. In Orthodox books, portraits typically depicted saints rather than individuals contemporary with the time of the book's publication. It is exceedingly rare for an Orthodox book to include the portrait of a person who was alive at the time of publication or who had passed away relatively close to that date. While the practice of including portraits of individuals associated with a book was common in the West, it is a notable exception in the history of Romanian engraving and printing tradition. In this study, we have sought to identify the individuals and volumes printed in the Romanian Lands up to the nineteenth century in which such portraits appeared. We have also examined the motivations behind the inclusion of these portraits, whether engraved in wood or brass. This research was inspired by the portraits of Elder Paisios of Neamţ († 1794), printed in books by his disciples. We will analyze these representations of the great hesychast and then explore several other portraits we have identified in Romanian books thus far.

The Manufactory of Old French Psalters. Part 2. The Genetic Stratigraphy of Douce MS 320 (Continuation) and Its Links with the Maidstone and Orne Fragments.

Author(s): Vladimir Agrigoroaei,Chapel Alessia,Lendinara Patrizia,Delattre Corentin / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2024

Le présent article s’inscrit dans la continuité de celui qui a été publié en 2023 dans la même revue (The Manufactory of Old French Psalters: Part 1…). Ce deuxième volet comprend d’abord une section de addenda qui complètent certaines parties du précèdent article. S’ajoutent ensuite les érasures dans diverses formes verbales, suivies par un recensement des corrections liées aux préfixes ex– et es–. D’autres séries d’érasures concernent différentes parties du discours: articles définis; pronoms personnels; pronoms réflexifs; formes possessives; démonstratifs; avec une étude de cas sur les choix de traduction du génitif eius, dont plusieurs documentent l’existence d’un antigraphe. Il s’agit souvent d’une hésitation entre les formes faibles et fortes. Des sections com-plémentaires sont consacrées aux érasures des pronoms relatifs et de la conjonction que; à l’adjectif pronominal toz / tuit; aux prépositions; à la conjonction é; aux signes de ponctuation; et aux particules négatives. L’ana-lyse des érasures du manuscrit d’Oxford, Bibliothèque bodléienne, Douce 320 se termine par un examen détaillé des corrections liées à différents phénomènes lexicaux. L’article porte ensuite sur les rapports entre le manuscrit Douce et les fragments de Maidstone, dont la transcription a été publiée dans le premier volet. Suivent une transcrip-tion des fragments de l’Orne (Paris, Archives Nationales, dossier AB xix 1734) et une étude sur l’origine de ces derniers et sur leurs liens avec le texte de Douce. Les choix de traduction pour le latin numquid documentent les liens entre Douce, Arundel (Londres, Bibliothèque britannique, Arundel 230) et Orne. Les choix de traduction du latin exaltare permettent en partie de restituer le texte latin de la source de Douce. Les différentes stratégies de traduction d’Orne, de Douce et d’Arundel semblent être des réécritures d’antigraphes similaires. Toutes ces ana-lyses montrent que Douce, Arundel, Orne et Maidstone proviennent de deux ou plusieurs gloses vernaculaires apparentées. L’article propose ensuite une perspective globale sur les approches vernaculaires de la traduction des psaumes en Angleterre jusqu’au xiiie siècle, qui documente l’interaction des langues vernaculaires anglaises et françaises avec les textes (et l’exégèse) latins. Il se termine par une discussion (appuyée sur deux exemples du xiie siècle) concernant le double pliage du Douce, lié sans doute à sa circulation et à son emploi dans la réalisation des psautiers bilingues à deux colonnes. Le troisième volet du présent article est prévu pour 2025. Il comprendra la transcription du texte de Douce (avec l’accentuation originale et l’emplacement des érasures), ainsi que plusieurs études complémentaires.

Promenade dans le labyrinthe de l’art chretien oriental avec Raphaelle Ziade.

Author(s): Ioana Feodorov / Language(s): French Issue: 8/2024

Echoes

Author(s): Ana Dumitran / Language(s): English,French Issue: 8/2024

Активните граждани в Гърмен: социализиране на религиозното културно наследство с местно значение

Author(s): Magdalena Slavkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2024

The article aims at presenting the activities of the people of the municipality of Garmen, Southwest Bulgaria, related to the socialization of tangible immovable religious heritage of local importance and their vision for changing it into a tourist product. There is no specialized local policy regarding cultural heritage, but voluntary initiatives to restore Orthodox sites and the spaces around them involve people of different faiths. As a result of their civic activism, a collective sense of attachment to heritage is strengthened, which in turn becomes an important element of their regional identity. The results of an ethnological study conducted in April–May 2022 in the villages of Garmen, Dabnitsa and Skrebatno are presented. The data were collected through open-ended interviews with representatives of the municipality of Garmen and people who live near the cultural values and are committed to the cause of their restoration and socialization.