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Совјетски ратни заробљеници у Југославији (1943–1944)

Author(s): Milan Koljanin / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Soviet POWs are among the greatest victims of WWII. Their mass destruction by Nazi Germany was racially and ideologically (anti-Bolshevik) motivated. Soviet POWs came to the territory of Yugoslavia and Serbia in various ways. Some were sent to Serbia to complement the Russian Defense Corps, an auxiliary military unit of the German occupational forces. The largest group among the Soviet POWs were the Cossacks who volunteered for the First Cossack Division of the Wehrmacht. The combat career of this division, particularly in Syrmium and Slavonia, was marked by mass crimes. Nevertheless, there was also a wide-spread desertion from this unit. Part of the Soviet POWs found themselves in POW camps in Serbia and Yugoslavia. From among the escapees from these camps, as well as from among deserters from the Cossack Division who joined the partisans, a battalion of the 7th Vojvodina Brigade of the People’s Liberation Army was formed. Members of this battalion returned to the Red Army after its arrival in Serbia in October 1944. They too took part in the Belgrade operation which led to the liberation of the capital of Yugoslavia on October 20, 1944, as part of the 3rd Ukrainian Front.

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Идеја о истовременој офанзиви са „Румунског“ и Солунског фронта 1916. године

Author(s): Nikola B. Popović / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

This paper discusses plans of simultaneous offensives on two fronts, drafted by representatives of Serbian and Russian military structures during 1916. This idea is related to the intention to transfer the Serbian volunteer corps to the territory of Serbia and to wage war in the north with simultaneous advance in the south from the positions at the Thessaloniki front.

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Да ли је Аписово писмо поуздан историјски извор?

Author(s): Miroslav Perišić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyses the reliability of the letter of Dragutin Dimitrijević (known as Apis) to Aleksandar Karađorđević and the Supreme Officers’ court which he wrote from prison in 1917. In that letter, Apis claimed that he himself had organized the attempt to assassinate Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo on June 28, 1914. There are many circumstances which raise doubts about reliability of this Apis’s statement, the most important being the following: the letter was written by a prisoner in a special psychological state, while the current foreign policy situation demanded from the Serbian government to find the person responsible for the Sarajevo assassination attempt in order to satisfy Austria–Hungary in case there were negotiations on separate peace.

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Slovenija u predvečerje Drugog svetskog rata

Author(s): Božo Repe / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Ideological and political split in Slovenia escalated during the second half of 1930s. Traditional political formations started falling to pieces. Bourgeois parties, including the Slovenian People’s Party lost political clout in late 1930s. They were not able to find the answers to the crisis and the war in Europe. Most Slovenian politicians believed in preservation of Yugoslavia but they looked in vain for an alternative solution in case of occupation. Eventually, this would lead them either to collaboration or to emigration. As an opposition to the defeatist policy of the bourgeois camp, a new political block under the leadership of the Communist Party emerged.

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1941. у југословенским војним извештајима из Каира

Author(s): Milan Terzić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Having received news about the uprising, the Yugoslav military forces tried to influence the events in Yugoslavia during the second half of 1941. Information about resistance in the country encouraged everyone in exile and caused the wish to obtain as many information as possible, to send a mission to the country and to proffer aid to the resistance movement, despite the unclear situation in Yugoslavia. The news of a movement headed by Mihajlović strengthened the standing of the Yugoslav Royal government with the Allies in 1941. Mihajlović was promoted general (on December 7, 1941) by Prime-Minister Simović. A string of further military (division general, army general and the chief of staff of the Supreme Command) and political (defense minister) promotions for Mihajlović followed in 1942. However, his coming on the stage caused a conflict between soldiers and civilians in exile. Lacking an army, the civilians and younger military officers got the upper hand. In stead of the “heroes of March 27” a new hub was created, but not without distrust of the Serbs within the government. This would show later on when general Simović was replaced as prime minister and defense minister general Bogoljub Ilić and generals, the Mirković brothers, Borivoje-Bora and Dragomir were removed.

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Pravoslavlje, rat i stradanje (sociološki prikaz i nešto razjašnjenja)

Author(s): Zoran Milošević / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

U Srba se nedopustivo malo raspravljalo o pravoslavnom shvatanju rata (i mira) što najbolje pokazuje odsustvo bogoslovskih i laičkih monografija, studija i članaka. "Rat (i mir) po pravoslavlju" – to je bila i jeste "velika tajna" za većinu nas, pogotovu za strance. Oni i prebacuju pravoslavnoj crkvi da se nikako ne interesuje svetskim ratom (i mirom). A zapravo, istočno hrišćanstvo ima puno toga da saopšti o ratu (i miru) i istinska je šteta da to vekovima čuvano iskustvo nije zastupljenije u svesti i ponašanju savremenika.

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Tensions Along the Western Pacific Rim of East Asia: Obstacles or Opportunities?

Author(s): David A. Jones,Hanzhen Liu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Tensions have erupted then lingered along the Western Pacific rim, widened across East Asia, expanded into South Asia. They range from the most threatening, the erratic and belligerent behavior of North Korea, to the mystifying posture of China across the East and South China Seas, to the transparent build-up of “flat top” warships by India and Japan, to a myriad of other indicators of conflict. Each of these problems is solvable, some more easily than others. Each requires cooperation among the nations along the Western Pacific, notably China, frequently absent. Each must involve the United States of America. These tensions, each individually and all collectively, may be viewed pessimistically as obstacles; they are better viewed optimistically as one grand opportunity. Emerging is an opportunity for the United States and China to join forces with their allies as partners leading the way toward global peace, a reinvigoration of what was known as the “Peace of 1945” or “Pax Americana” that can become at once a “Pax Serica” [“China Peace”] as well as what could become known as the “Pax Americana Secunda” [“Second American Peace”]. Allies in the region will have to join forces, they have little choice. This paper will address some internal Strengths and Weaknesses alongside some external Opportunities and Threats that befall each of the participants and all of them collectively. It will focus primarily on the opportunities that will burgeon if China and the United States can work together, as they began to do, seriatim, from the middle of 2017 before each country imposed tariffs on the other as a strategy.

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South China Sea – A Multifaceted Conflict

Author(s): Paweł Behrendt / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Forming the maritime heart of SE Asia, the South China Sea has grown in recent years into one of the most important geopolitical areas in the world. The conflict over seemingly insignificant archipelagos has many aspects, and, like a lens, focuses the rivalry of modern powers. The territorial dispute over the Spratly and Paracel Islands is the primary level of conflict, with prestigious and economic meaning. Another aspect is the striving for control over the regional Sea Lanes of Communication. The point here is not only the transport of goods from east Asia to Europe and Africa, but also of oil and natural gas supply from the Persian Gulf. The next aspect is related to Sino-American relations and rivalry. An equally important facet is the internal politics of the PRC, which is one of the causes of an assertive foreign policy. The CPC has become hostage to its own nationalist rhetoric. There is also a broader international level of the dispute. Countries such as Australia, India and Japan have to a greater or lesser extent joined the conflict as an element of their China policy. The South China Sea unexpectedly found its place in Russian-Chinese relations, and interest in the situation in the region is also expressed by France and the United Kingdom. All these aspects form an image of a very complex and dynamic conflict of growing importance.

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Power Shift in Taiwan and Its Implications on Cross-Strait Relations

Author(s): Kamer Kasım / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Tsai Ing-wen of the DPP won the presidential elections on 16th January 2016 and was sworn in as Taiwan’s President on 20 May 2016. The discussions about the future of cross-strait relations started with reference to the previous DPP administration’s policy of 2000–2008. The tense cross-strait relations of the DPP era were replaced with more harmonious ones with Ma Ying-jeou of KMT from 2008 to 2016. KMT acted on the basis of the 1992 consensus. The change of power with the election of Tsai Ing-wen raised questions about the basis and continuation of the cross-strait dialogue. Tsai-Ing-wen in her inauguration speech pledged to maintain the existing mechanisms for dialogue and communication across the Taiwan Strait. She also emphasized that Taiwan would conduct cross-strait affairs in accordance with the Republic of China Constitution, the Act Governing Relations between the People of Taiwan Area and the Mainland Area, and other relevant legislation. The important question with regards to cross-strait relations is: how does China evaluate Tsai Ing-wen’s intentions about cross-strait relations and conduct its policies? In this paper the cross-strait policy of the new administration in Taiwan will be analyzed through DPP’s foreign policy. Since cross-strait relations cannot be analyzed just as a relation between Taiwan and China due to Taiwan’s ties with the US, the paper will also evaluate the new US administrations’ Taiwan policy. The cross-strait relations and the US regional role also have international implications due to the South and East China Sea dispute, which creates major security concerns.

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“Enemies of the People” in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea: The Political Meaning of Human Rights Violations Against Them

Author(s): Eunwon Yi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Over the last several decades, the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK)’s government has repeatedly produced a number of “enemies of the people.” This article contends that the “enemies” in the DPRK have been produced by political decisions in the name of popular sovereignty, based on post-colonialism and socialism. The principal goal of this article is to identify the political meaning of violations against the “enemies of the people” and to shed light on the problems of “politicized human rights.”

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Sigurnosna politika Bosne i Hercegovine

Author(s): Mirza Smajić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Započeti procesi demokratske tranzicije Bosne i Hercegovine od postkonfliktne do savremene državne zajednice zahtijevaju značajne unutrašnje i vanjskopolitičke preokrete. S tim u vezi tekst analizira sigurnosnu politiku Bosne i Hercegovine u postdejtonskom periodu, praveći kratku povijesnu retrospektivu njegovog razvoja od 1995. godine. Poseban fokus usmjeren je na kompleksnost organizacije i funkcioniranja komponenti unutrašnjeg i vanjskog sistema sigurnosti. osim toga analizirani su savremeni sigurnosni izazovi s kojima se Bosna i Hercegovina eventualno može susresti ili se već susreće. Također je posebna pažnja posvećena reformi sistema sigurnosti na putu u evroatlantske organizacije te analizi sposobnosti Bosne i Hercegovine za borbu protiv terorizma, te drugih aktuelnih sigurnosnih izazova.

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Međunarodne organizacije

Author(s): Nedžad Smailagić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

općenito govoreći, međunarodne organizacije su tekovina dvadesetog stoljeća koje se osnivaju s ciljem ostvarivanja određenih interesa. Članice tih organizacija su najčešće države kao osnovni subjekti međunarodnog prava. Bosna i Hercegovina, kao i sve druge moderne zemlje, je prisutna u članstvu i aktivnostima međunarodnih organizacija kojima se uređuju savremeni međunarodni odnosi na regionalnom i univerzalnom planu. Cilj ovog rada je da predstavi, u kratkim crtama, međunarodne organizacije u sistemu savremenih međunarodnih odnosa, i to kroz prizmu Bosne i Hercegovine. ova tema dobija na značaju kada se uvidi da je Bosna i Hercegovina zemlja u tranziciji sa izraženim euroatlantskim aspiracijama, a u kojoj istovremeno različite međunarodne organizacije imaju značajan pravni, društveni i politički uticaj. nakon kratkog teorijskog uvoda u međunarodne organizacije, rad prisustvo i aktivnosti međunarodnih organizacija u Bosni i Hercegovini, posebno se analiziraju pojedine međunarodne organizacije od značaja za Bosnu i Hercegovinu. kancelarija visokog predstavnika analizira se u posebnom odjeljku, kao i organizacije koje su prisutne u Bosni i Hercegovini kao što su organizacija ujedinjenih nacija i njene specijalizirane agencije, te organizacija za sigurnost i saradnju u Evropi i Vijeće Evrope.

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Al-Qaeda in the West as a Youth Movement: The Power of a Narrative

Author(s): Olivier Roy / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Why do we bother, in Europe, about ‘Islamic radicalisation’? The answer seems obvious. There are at least two good reasons: one is terrorism, with its security implications; the other is the issue of integrating second-generation migrants in Europe, apparently the most fertile ground for recruiting terrorists. For most observers, the link between terrorism and integration is a given fact. Al-Qaeda-type terrorist activities carried out either in Europe, or by European residents and citizens abroad, are seen as the extreme form, and hence as a logical consequence, of Islam related radicalisation.

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Ideological and Theological Foundations of Muslim Radicalism in France

Author(s): Samir Amghar / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The forms of radicalism among the Muslim populations in France are multiple and varied. To overplay the religious variable would prevent us from seeing the great plasticity of the phenomena of radicalisation. Political violence can take its source from religious justifications, or religious references can impede radicalisation, or Islam is absent altogether, even though the radicalism is practised by Muslims. Beyond this, it is necessary to recognise that all these different forms of radicalism are the product of experiences of injustice and exclusion, which can be directly linked to realities on the ground or to the political trauma of young persons having known delinquency and homelessness, personal failure, long-term unemployment and so on. Yet, the link between Muslim populations and radicalism cannot be reduced to an economic equation in which poverty is the common denominator. It seems more likely to be the inadequacies of social and political regulation that is a problem, along with the lack of recognition, contempt and “the great wall” – in the words of Khaled Kelkal22 (one of the perpetrators of the terrorist attacks in 1995) – separating the estates where most of France’s Muslims live and the rest of the towns.

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Muslims in the Netherlands: Tensions and Violent Conflict

Author(s): Tinka Veldhuis,Edwin Bakker / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The release of the anti-Islam movie “Fitna” by the Dutch Member of Parliament Geert Wilders, early 2008, aroused anxious fears of angry responses by Muslims communities. As happened in the Danish cartoon crisis, people expected the movie to trigger violent demonstrations, boycotts, the burning of flags and other aggressive responses by Muslim communities, both in the Netherlands and around the world. Months prior to the actual release of the movie, the Dutch prime minister already spoke of a crisis, predicting violent confrontations between Muslims and non-Muslims, and devastating consequences for Muslim integration in Dutch society.

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Establishing Feeling of Security for the People Who Suffer from Conflict

Author(s): Süleyman Özmen / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Life is an illusion that shaped by our perception. This perception can be influenced by different factors and influence our behavior a human being. For example, social media can be used to create the illusion of fear or security in our modern world. Media could lead social developments and also clash similarly as we have seen in the Arap spring. Is security significant for human beings? According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, security lies at the very basic level. Security is essential for human development. In this article, I will discuss the parameters of risk for security and human perception of security. As a conclusion, many people still suffer and can not fulfill their basic needs in regions of the world. We would constantly on associated with one another and answerable for one another. We need to be concerned and take an action to ensure the security of our world for the dignity of human being. Earth is like a human body. The conflict area is something like a cancerous region of the human body. As cancer spreads to the whole body, conflicts do too. The thing that unites us ought further to bolster a chance to be more excellent over what isolates us.

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"The Application of the Analytical Hierarchy Process Model in the Process of Conflict Management"

Author(s): Nena Nenovska Gjorgjievska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The incitement and the occurrence of the conflicts, their escalation, ceasefire and de-escalation are processes which are continually appearing, lasting and resolving. Consequently, the conflicts usually pull migratory flows. Migration is an issue which nowadays is very present, and it needs to be resolved. The migration usually starts where conflicts arise. Having that in mind, the main concept in the paper is focused on the conflicts and the emergence of the migration flows. It also gives a suggestion how the conflicts can be resolved in the Middle East countries. The purpose of this research is to find out real reasons for appearance of migrations and most rational solutions for their solving. For doing that the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied. A short overview will be given of the main elements of the AHP method and how it is applied in the conflict resolution. AHP method is enforceable and leads to concrete recommendations for further conflict resolution. The results of the research will show that resolving the conflicts may contribute in suppression of the migration and it can also protect countries for further armed conflicts and unwanted migration flows.

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Savaş ve Çocuk

Author(s): Dilara Özel / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Küresel Çatışma Takip Cihazı’na (Global Conflict Tracker) göre günümüzde süregelen 26 tane savaş ve çatışma durumu bulunmaktadır. Bu savaş alanlarında bulunan 12 milyon çocuk tıbbi yetersizlik ve yalnız kalma gibi durumları da içeren çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı hayatını kaybetti (Global Conflict Tracker, 2016). Yaklaşık 12 milyon çocuk evinden ayrılmak zorunda kaldı ve bunların bir çoğu kısıtlayıcı mülteci kamplarında hayatlarına devam etti (Plunkett ve Southall, 1998).

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Separatyzm – środek rozwiązywania czy zawiązywania się konfliktu na tle etniczno-narodowym?

Author(s): Agnieszka Wojciechowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Internal conflicts in different parts of the world often are the result of separatism. The phenomenon of conflict is increasingly noticeable in the world. Media reports about the ongoing conflict in Ukraine, the case of Kurdish and the Scottish independence referendum. Analyzing comprehensively this situation, you will notice that in almost every country any social group defends own interests by improving their own local autonomy, as well as attempts to separation. The article analyzes the motives and perspectives of separatism.

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Doktryna geopolityczna Węgier

Author(s): Roman Andrzej Stańczyk / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The main goal of this article is the presentation of Hungarian geopolitical doctrine. Hungary for almost 45 years belonged to the Eastern Block. When Soviet Union collapsed in 1991 Hungary could change foreign Policy. Budapest quickly established relations with the European Communities. Hungarians wanted in this way to refer to the historical traditions of the presence of his country among developed countries. It was extremely important to overcome the historical legacy in relations with their neighbors. The big challenge was the issue of the Hungarian minority living in scattered abroad. It was necessary to sign agreements with neighboring countries, which required a lot of effort on the part of the Hungarian diplomacy. A new concept of geopolitical doctrine by the first democratic government of Prime Minister Jozsef Antall was a revolutionary change. Today Prime Minister of Hungary – Victor Orban refer to him ideas.

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