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Azerbaycan ve Ermenistan Arasında Bitmeyen Dağlık Karabağ Sorunu

Author(s): Yunus Ekici / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2017

In this article, the emergence of the Karabakh problem, the transformation of the problem into conflict and the initiatives of international organizations for peace have been evaluated. First, the theoretical approach to the problem of continuity has been discussed by referring to its place in the historical process. This issue, which is expressed as the Karabakh conflict, is the Armenian occupation of Azerbaijani lands. At first, Azerbaijan, Russia and Iranian were reluctant to intervene because the problem was regarded as an internal matter, but after 1992, it became an interstate dispute between Azerbaijan and Armenia. The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict is one of the biggest hurdles ahead of the solution because of the impact of the two parties to the conflict on the formation of national identity. The Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Azerbaijan declared their independence after the disintegration of the USSR and initiated initiatives to create state and identity construction in the late nations.

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Cărbunele, petrolul, energia atomică - motoare ale dezvoltării, atu și miză în conflictele majore ale lumii moderne

Author(s): Florin Diaconu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: II/2006

The study aims to evaluate, in an accurate and flexible way, the increasing role of various types of energy and of different types of fuel on the international arena. In the early stages of the Modern World, energy sources used in peacetime or at war were almost the same which had had been used several thousand years ago. But starting with the second half of the 19th century, this situation is more and more replaced by a new one: First of all coal (used by steam engines of all sorts) and later on oil (and nowadays natural gas and nuclear energy) became more and more important issues on the world arena. Modern warfare means, at any given moment starting with the second half of the 19th century, huge fuel consumption. But industrial production means the same thing. So that both military power and industrial output, significant elements of what Hans J. Morgenthau called national power, rely more and more on large scale access to energy resources. And national power means, above all, increased levels of energy production and energy consumption. In order to support this basic idea, the author uses mainly a lot of examples belonging to the general area we call strategic and military history of the 19th and 20th centuries.

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Соціальні конфлікти в сучасному суспільстві та шляхи їх вирішення

Author(s): Antonina Filina / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 28/2012

The article deals with a complex multidimensional phenomenon-conflicts, various types which, interacting, complement each other, gaining new features.

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Hybrid Warfare Studies and Russia’s Example in Crimea

Author(s): Mehmet Seyfettin Erol / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2015

Although Hybrid Warfare is an old concept, theoretical studies in the western countries mainly began in the post-Col War era, focusing on asymmetrical threats against conventional superiority of western countries such as USA or Israel. September 11th attacks and 2006 Israel-Lebanon war played important roles for the evolution of hybrid warfare theories. However, there has not any consensus among scholars on a exact or unique definition of hybrid warfare. Hybrid warfare became one of the main security issues for the West and especially for NATO after the Russia-Ukraine crisis. Russian military strategies, called “hybrid warfare” by the western countries, resulted in the successful annexation of Crimea and, caused a serious security problem for the West resulting important structural and functional changes for the military system of NATO. Russian activities, which have been based on surprise, ambiguity and deniability, presented a unique example for hybrid warfare studies.

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Suudi Arabistan-İran İlişkileri Bağlamında Ortadoğu’nun Güncel Sorunları

Author(s): Muwafaq Adil Omar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2018

Riyadh and Tehran, as two important representatives of the Middle East, are trying to solve problems and disputes between their neighboring and regional countries,not their own territories. Iran has been working on the Project of Shiite Crescent in the region, and tempted by the former Persian empire. Disagreements between Saudi Arabia and Iran negatively affect the security of the Middle East. Because, instead of directly responding to each other, continuing their proxy wars in the territory of other countries. Therefore, Riyadh and Tehran are causing many crises and problems in the region to arise or to further extend an existing ones. If we look at the history of bilateral relations between these countries, we can say that there is almost no opportunity to compromise. In this framework, their relations are causing to further elongation of the problems in Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Lebanon.

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PEYAMİ SAFA’NIN ROMANLARINDA DOĞU-BATI MESELESİ BAĞLAMINDA DEĞERLER ÇATIŞMASI

Author(s): Ulaş Bingöl / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 31/2017

In this study, republican term novelists Peyami Safa’s novels in which Şimsek, Sözde Kızlar, Mahşer, Bir Akşamdı, Canan, Dokuzuncu Hariciye Koğuşu, Bir Tereddüdün Romanı, Fatih-Harbiye, Biz İnsanlar, Matmazel Noraliya’nın Koltuğu and Yalnızız value conflicts by they occur in can be detected and analyzed. Peyami Safa works moral, political, aesthetic, religious, social and cultural value conflicts in his novels. Gender, age, political and ideological disagreement is effective in this conflicts development. The question of East-West, the political and ideological conflicts, age difference and old-new understanding axis is seen to occur in Safa’s studied works of value conflicts. Heroes who portrayed as good and bad and the encounter of these heroes trigger tension in the novels. Idealized heroes against to the people who corrupt act to contrary the moral, religious, social and cultural values. The author justified to idealized heroes with spokesmen in conflicts, so he implements conflict management in his novels. Novel’s heroes conflict with each other about moral values such as integrity, honesty, respect, courage and loyalty, social and cultural values such as the sanctity of the family, loyalty to the customs and traditions, political values such as rights, law, liberty and equality, religious values such as to believe in God, respect of Islamic life, aesthetic values such as beauty, simplicity and harmony.

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Hari Stemper u Jerusalimu

Author(s): Emil Kerenji / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 66.12/2002

Na put u Izrael, u posetu svom bratu, krenuo sam nepripremljen. U Izraelu sam bio mnogo puta, i činilo mi se da će ovo putovanje biti rutinska porodična poseta. I pored svakodnevnih “incidenata” u Izraelu i na okupiranim teritorijama, i pored svih smrti, eksplozija, tenkova i svega ostalog što sam gledao na programima raznih svetskih TV stanica, činilo mi se da će Izrael biti onakav kakvog ga pamtim: vreo, živopisan. miran, lep. Posebnosam se radovao višednevnom boravku u Jerusalimu, koji je — iako sam siguran da ova kvalifikacija zvuči stereotipno — najfascinantniji grad, uz Njujork, u kojem sam ikad bio. Veselio sam se, dakle, putovanju, susretu sa bratom, boravku i odmoru u Izraelu.

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Globalni nedostatak poopćivosti

Author(s): Žarko Puhovski,Snežana Ristić,Radonja Leposavić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 65.11/2002

Interview with Žarko Puhovski, Professor of Philosophy at the University of Zagreb and President of the Croatian Helsinki Committee.

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Evolucioni i konflikteve dhe paradigma e re e gjeneratave të luftës

Author(s): Kristaq Xharo / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 14/2015

The fourth generation warfare is obviously one of the most debated theories in several books and studies. It is based on conflicts, preferred by non –state actors and is characterized by a mixture of war and politics, military army and civil, issues of peace, conflict and security processes. 4GW was first introduced by the military historian William Lind, in 1989 and it is considered as one of the “greatest ideas “or “greatest forecasts” in the contemporary strategic discourse. It has two main perspectives. Firstly, according to this theory creates a distance with the legacy of the Klausevitzit’s doctrine on “War trinity” that limits the war discourse within states, which seems not to be identifying for the modern conflicts. The second perspective lies on the idea that states with their well-trained army to fight conventionally among states are going to be challenges by this new paradigm. Even though it did not earn that much of attention, this theory has gained some relevance after the assaults in 11th September. States have failed in preventing and later on winning the conflict and non-national actors, including terrorist groups are still active. Being faced with such a situation, our country is vulnerable to possible attacks and methods appeared in 4GW. Security structures are still organized based on the concept of confrontation and victory among states. In these conditions, security structures have to get acquainted with a new war scheme and attitude, as a precaution for the future.

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Ndikimi i Teknologjisë në Strategjinë e Luftës

Author(s): Luan Hoxha / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 10/2011

The impact of technology in military affairs has been always remaining part of discussions over the development history of the war and combat. There are many supporters of the technology or technophiles who argue that technology crucially affects on warfare and war fighting, even on tactics of how to conduct military operations or affecting so much military doctrine. What is more important they support idea of technology has definitely changed the strategy of war. On the other side, there are authors who acknowledge the impact of technology on warfare and it’s ingredients, but they think it is the rightful share of a common evolution of military affairs and this influence is not a decisive factor in winning the war. Despite the interesting an contemporary terms like “Revolution in Military Affairs” (RMA), “Fourth Generation War” (4GW), “Network Centric Warfare (NCW),” hybrid wars “etc., or other terms which are used often to underline technological changes in the strategic field, this article will argue these differences do not justify some new approaches to the role of technology in war. Although it must be admitted that the impact of technology has a particular role and use of technological advantages brought very positive results in the battle-field, the technology is not the determining factor for winning or losing the war. If there is a decisive factor that leads to the victory of the war, this has been and sill is the human factor.

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Meksiko je sjajan

Author(s): Xhevdet Bajraj / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 60.6/2000

Interview with Xhevdet Bajraj.

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Kontakt ostvaren preko policije

Author(s): Enver Robeli / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 60.6/2000

Interview with Enver Robeli.

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Nemačka lekcija

Author(s): Daniel Goldhagen / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 55.1/1999

Početkom četrdesetih godina ovog veka Nemačka i Japan vodile su surove imperijalističke ratove, osvajale zemlju po zemlju, isterivale pokoreno stanovništvo iz domova i vršile masovna ubistva. Devedesetih godina ovog veka Srbija vodi surov imperijalistički rat, osvaja teritoriju za teritorijom, isteruje nepoželjno stanovništvo i vrši masovna ubistva. Nemačka i Japan bile su velike sile čija je rušilačka moć prevazilazila okvire kontinenata i koje su zajedno uvukle čitav svet u rat. Srbija je mala, lokalna sila koja uništava u regionalnim okvirima i koja je uvukla NATO u ograničen vazdušni rat.

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SURİYE İÇ SAVAŞI’NA FEMİNİST BİR YAKLAŞIM

Author(s): Murat ÜLGÜL / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2017

So far the Syrian Civil War, which is in its seventh year, has been analyzed through realpolitik perspectives. Both in politics and in literature, the solutions offered have been based on the interests of states and local actors. The major deficiency of the approaches focusing on the interests, objectives and the competition of states and local actors is their inability to produce solutions to the problems of civilians, especially women, during the conflict and afterward. In this respect, this study will analyze the Syrian civil war through three subjects at the core of feminist approaches: the suffering of women during the civil war, their political participation and their role in the military structures. As the evidence shows, although Syrian women feel the violence of war in an intense way, they have difficulty in making their voices heard in the peace process. On the other hand, while the Syrian civil war has a positive effect on the women’s participation in the military structures, it seems that this participation serves the interests of states and the masculine system.

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A Look into the Future: Cyber-aggression as the Problem of Interaction in Space Exploration

Author(s): Oleksandra Kachmar,Dmytro Dzvinchuk / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2018

In the article, the authors broadened on the definition and concept of cyber-aggression. The authors have carried out their inquiry on the cyber-aggression in terms of the possibility of broadening of human potential by using the high-tech devices. Such inquiry was built upon the “The theory of war and peace” by Oleg Bazaluk. The authors came to the conclusion that cyber-aggression appears to be a typical form of struggle for existence, which is inherent in man, the state and civilization. Cyber-aggression, considered as a “natural way of human intelligent activity broadening by using the high-tech devices” provides the following: a) the transformation of civilization into a planetary force; b) exploration of cislunar and deep outer space; c) Universe-wide competition. The authors proposed a behavior model, specially developed for the contacts with extraterrestrial civilizations, which stipulates the transparency of intentions and proves: a) that terrestrial civilization’s cyber-aggression is a method of space exploration, rather than a desire for war and violence; b) that the Earthly civilization’s technologies are determined by its cultural history and manifest peace and benevolence.

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Peace Education as Arts Education: In Search of New Strategies

Author(s): Antonina Lendiel-Siarkevych,Olga Khyzhna / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2018

The problem of peace education is in the sharp demand in the modern world. The art in general, and music in particular, have significant impact on a person and the content of his usual activities. Music, as a logical and expressive construction and a psychological phenomenon, contains possibilities for harmonization of personal, social and planetary life. Temporality of music, its actualization of the present, orientation to the eternal meanings and values, archetypeness and plasticity of the content and the ways of its perception, form the basis for understanding music as a universal communication mediator and an important factor in stabilization of contradictions and conflicts. The study demonstrates the potential of arts education to act as one of the instruments of peacebuilding at the present stage of human development.

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The Dependence on Global Media of International Reporting of the Macedonian, Slovenian and Serbian Newspapers (September-December 2013)

Author(s): Bojan Blazhevski / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2017

This paper is founded on the assumption that the reporting of international events by the Macedonian newspaper Nova Makedonija, the Slovenian newspaper Delo, and the Serbian newspaper Politika in the 2013 printed editions, is greatly influenced by the global media. We begin the study by using the method of quantitative content analysis. The data analyzed were gathered over a four-month period from the year of 2013. Global media had heavy direct influence on international reporting only in photographic material of the newspapers Delo and Politika. In the matter of textual material, global media had a small direct role in shaping the reporting of these newspapers. The media coverage of all newspapers was mostly geared toward giving information about events that were happening on the northern continents and regions of the Earth. Military and political conflicts were the main topics of interest for covering the southern parts of the world.

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Johna Fostera Dullesa

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Wspierać bierny opór, a nie zbrojne powstanie - Memoriał do senatora Johna Fostera Dullesa

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): Polish Issue: 672/2018

Zarówno istnienie legalnej opozycji, jak i masowej organizacji podziemnej nie jest na długą metę możliwe w sowieckiej strefie wpływów. Pod okupacją sowiecką prawie cały ciężar przeciwdziałania wpływom komunistycznym spada na czynniki zewnętrzne, znajdujące się poza żelazną kurtyną.

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Traumatic experience and the process of reconciliation

Author(s): Mikloš Biro,Petar Milin / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2005

The paper present the results of the survey that was designed to examine attitudes towards reconciliation, traumatic experience, as well as some basic values, attitudes and stereotypes in two cities of the former Yugoslavia where the nationalities that were in conflict live together. The survey was conducted on 400 subjects in Vukovar (inhabited by Serbs and Croats) and 400 subjects in Prijedor (Serbs and Bosniaks). The results show that the level of traumatic experience, as a single variable, has no correlation with the readiness for reconciliation. On the other hand, in General Linear Model, best predictors of the readiness for reconciliation were attitudes and values represented by the factors “Non-Ethnocentric” and Non-Nationalistic/ Xenophobic”. Also, having friends among the “opposing” nationality and having positive experiences with the members of opposing national groups is highly related to a readiness for reconciliation. Finally, a belief in war crime trials, combined with a readiness to admit the war crimes among its own nationality, was a significant predictor of readiness for reconciliation.

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The Impact of Stigmatisation upon Russian and Russian-Speaking Migrants Living in Scotland

Author(s): Ruth McKenna / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

This article explores the nature and impact of stigmatisation upon Russian and Russian-speaking migrants living in Scotland. It is based upon data gathered from 19 interviews with Russians and Russian-speakers living in the Aberdeen/Aberdeenshire and Central Belt regions of Scotland. Ongoing conflict in Syria and Ukraine has worsened relations between the UK and Russia, while EU enlargement and, latterly, the ‘refugee crisis’ have fuelled hostile attitudes towards migrants. Russians and Russian-speakers living in Scotland therefore face two potential sources of stigma, firstly because of a (perceived) association with the actions of the Russian state and, secondly, because they are often misidentified as Polish and are consequently regarded as threatening the availability of resources such as jobs, housing, benefits and school places (Pijpers 2006; Spigelman 2013). The article explores how people respond to such stigmatisation, emphasising the complexity of engaging with misdirected stigma. It is suggested that stigma – and the way in which people respond to it – is situational and context-specific in that it is significantly influenced by the identity, background and perspective of the stigmatised person. Also investigated is the wider impact of stigma on Russian and Russian-speaking migrants’ lives, highlighting the emotional and social insecurities that can result from stigmatisation. Drawing on anthropological theories of social security (Caldwell 2007; von Benda-Beckmann and von Benda-Beckmann 2000), the article suggests that robust social support, particularly from people who are local to the host country, can mitigate the negative effects of stigmatisation.

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