Pismo fra Miroslava Džaje o Ivi Andriću (1960)
Historical Reference: Pismo fra Miroslava Džaje (1885-1972) Smiljanu Pavloviću. Gorica k. Livna, 13. travnja 1960 ‒ Josip Andrić
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Historical Reference: Pismo fra Miroslava Džaje (1885-1972) Smiljanu Pavloviću. Gorica k. Livna, 13. travnja 1960 ‒ Josip Andrić
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Children’s books and children’s magazines are used to develop emotions, thoughts and imaginary worlds of children. Children’s magazines are periodical publications including written and visual texts according to interests and needs of children to support developmental stages of children. Stylistic and content factors of children’s magazines appealing to children must be included within the principle of suitability for children. In this study, external structure elements including size, paper, page layout, typesetting, pictures and cover, and internal structure elements including chapters, texts, activities, themes, language and style of the magazines of “Araştırmacı Çocuk”, “Bilge Çocuk”, “Kafa Çocuk ve Bilim” and “Mavi Kırlangıç” were studied through the document review method.
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Bilimsel çalışmalar ve mesleki tecrübeler tarihsel olarak Amerikalıların kendilerini çevrelerine adapte etmeleri sürecine paralel olarak gelişti. Kovboyların, madencilerin ve oduncuların kendilerine has deneyimleri, iş şarkıları, argoları Amerikan halkbilimcilerinin yeni yetenekleri ortaya çıkarmalarını sağladı. Mesleklerdeki çeşitlilik ve karmaşıklık köyden kente doğru ilerledikçe, halkbilimciler de değirmen ve fabrika örneğinde olduğu gibi kentsel mesleki bilgilerini kapsayan araştırmalarını genişletmeye başladılar. Günümüzde mesleki folklor çalışmaları sadece sözlü meslek argosuna ve hikâyelerine ya da yetenek ve teknikleri gayri resmi olarak öğrenilmiş mesleklere odaklanmaz. Aynı zamanda toplumda saygı, değer ve kariyer sahibi bir bireyin yaşantısındaki mesleklerle ilgili geleneklere de odaklanır. Bu mesleklerdeki teknikler, sözlü ifadeler ve çalışma gelenekleri halkbilimcilerin mesleki folklor olarak adlandırdıkları çalışma alanına dahil edilir.
More...ЗАПИСНИК БРОЈ IV ОД СОБРАНИЕТО НА МАКЕДОНСКАТА ЕВРЕЈСКА ОПШТИНА, ОДРЖАНО НА 21 ЈАНУАРИ 1945 ГОДИНА
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The municipal elections in Vardar Banovina, in whose territorial framework was the Vardar part of Macedonia, were held on 15 October 1933. They were held in 263 municipalities in 29 districts. 697 candidate lists were confirmed, 295 of which belonged to the Yugoslav National Party (YNP), and 2 were undecided. 263 councilors were elected and 262 of which were from YNP and one was undecided. Due to some irregularities and improprieties, on 14th and 31st December 1933 the elections were repeated in several municipalities in some districts in order to mislead the public about the legitimacy of the elections. The results of the repeated municipal elections were the same as the previous ones.
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U ovom velikom talasu moderne pjesničke riječi koji je s krajem prvog svjetskog rata, u silovitom zamahu stvaralačkih snaga nekolicine izuzetnih pjesnika, potisnuo i poništio stara shvatanja poezije i otkrio njene nove mogućnosti značajnu ulogu imao je i Gustav Krklec. Rođen posljednje godine devetnaestog vijeka, on se u književnosti javio zajedno s Tinom Ujevićem, Ivom Andrićem, Miroslavom Krležom, Augustom Cesarcem, Milošem Crnjanskim i Antunom Brankom Šimićem, koji su oko 1918. godine poduzeli i izvršili onu lirsku revoluciju našega jezika u kojoj se moderni pjesnički senzibilitet oslobodio starih poetskih konvencija i našao za sebe nove izražajne forme, Krklečeve prve pjesničke zbirke, Lirika (1919) i Srebrna cesta (1921), pojavile su se u isto vrijeme kad i prve zbirke Krležinih pjesama (Simfonije, 1917; Pjesme I i II, 1918; Pjesme III i Lirika, 1919), kad i Lirika ltake (1919) Miloša Crnjanskog, Stihovi (1919) Augusta Cesarca, Ex ponto (1918) i Nemiri (1920) Ive Andrića, Lelek sebra (1920) Tina Ujevića i Preobraženja (1920) Antuna Branka Šimića, dakle u vrijeme kada je – istovremenim, mada ne i združenim istupom čitavog niza tada mladih, a čudesno nadarenih pjesnika – u istoriji naših književnosti otpočelo razdoblje moderne poezije.
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The diary written by student Witold Cywiński (1887–1910) (or Vytautas Civinskis, as he later signed his work with the Lithuanian version of his name) is a unique multilingual egodocument, now held at the Vilnius University Library and the Wróblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Written in Polish, Lithuanian and Russian (with additions in other languages) over the period of six years, it shows the evolution of his linguistic repertoire. Along with the attached letters received by the author and drafts of his own letters, it also reflects his sociolinguistic milieu. Borderland Polish used in the diary represents the sociolect of Polish nobility living on the territory of contemporary Lithuania in the early twentieth century, with cases of local lexis and loanwords from Lithuanian and Russian. The passages written in Lithuanian display features of a local variation of the Aukštaitian (High Lithuanian) dialect, and at the same time are a chronicle of the author’s self-study of the new language. Examples of code-switching observed in his diary lead to some interesting psycholinguistic conclusions, including the possibility that the author intentionally used a “montage” of different languages in pursuit of the expressive and poetic functions of the text.
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Po uchwyceniu władzy w Rosji przez bolszewików w październiku 1917 r., rozpoczął się okres prób wcielenia w życie karykaturalnych elementów komunizmu poprzez narzucenie systemu zwanego dyktaturą proletariatu, a w rzeczywistości będącego dyktaturą partii nad proletariatem i całym społeczeństwem. Utworzona zaś z inicjatywy Włodzimierza Lenina w marcu 1919 r. III Międzynarodówka Komunistyczna, zwana Kominternem, miała realizować główne założenia bolszewików, które sprowadzały się przede wszystkim do szybkiego „rozlania rewolucji”. Hasła „eksportu rewolucji” i rzekomej „proletariackiej solidarności” stały się narzędziem w ręku imperializmu radzieckiego. Nastąpiła tzw. rusyfi kacja marksizmu.
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Na dokument ten natrafiłem we wrześniu 2000 r., w trakcie kwerendy w Rosyjskim Państwowym Archiwum Wojskowym (Rossijskij Gossudarstwiennyj Wojennyj Archiw - RGWA) w Moskwie, dokładniej w tej jego części, która mieści się na ul. Wyborgskiej i bodajże wciąż jeszcze wtedy nosiła nazwę Ośrodek Przechowywania Zbiorów Historyczno-Dokumentalnych (Centr Chranienija Istoriko-Dokumentalnych Kolekcij), gdzie od pewnego już czasu udostępniano dokumenty obcej (w tym polskiej) proweniencji terytorialnej, zrabowane i wywiezione w latach II wojny światowej przez władze sowieckie.
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W mowie wygłoszonej na Zamku Królewskim w Warszawie 15 XII 1916 r. generalny gubernator warszawski Hans Hartwig von Beseler w sposób jasny i jednoznaczny wyraził swój stosunek do Legionów Polskich. „Myślą niektórzy, że stworzenie armii jest rzeczą łatwą i prostą. […] Armia nie jest skupieniem masy ludzkiej, jest to organizm delikatny, który zorganizowany być musi aż do najdrobniejszych szczegółów, który musi być zaopatrzony w mnóstwo najrozmaitszych właściwości technicznych, jeżeli odpowiedzieć ma zadaniu. Dla stworzenia takich armii nie starczy garstka patriotycznej młodzieży, która sądzi, że na tem koniec, gdy broń weźmie na ramię i pomaszeruje przeciw nieprzyjacielowi”. Było to jawna i oficjalna deklaracja jego punktu widzenia, wyrażanego wcześniej w poufnych meldunkach. Wbrew temu głęboko ugruntowanemu przeświadczeniu, okoliczności zmusiły niemieckiego generała do ścisłej współpracy z kadrami utworzonego 20 września przez cesarza Franciszka Józefa Polskiego Korpusu Posiłkowego (PKP).
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Prezentowane poniżej listy nie pojawiały się w obiegu naukowym i były mało znane badaczom (nie zapoznał się z nimi biograf Tadeusza Hołówki, Iwo Werschler). Wydają się interesujące z wielu względów. Przedstawiają ciekawe, mało znane aspekty polityki obozu sanacyjnego, widziane z perspektywy jednego z jego członków. Oddają nadzieje i oczekiwania autora wiązane z przejęciem władzy, pod koniec roku ustępujące jednak miejsca rozczarowaniu niewielką skalą zmian.
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With the use of journals by Samuel Pepys written during the 17th-century plague epidemic in London, we discuss the issue of weak and strong evaluation discourses which create the subjectivity of an individual in its relation to a group. Our fundamental goal is therefore to discover the conditions indispensable for the emergence of a “person” whose life retains the ability to refer to “strong” moral concepts, which is necessarily connected with a phase of critical approach to hegemonic discourses. In our analysis of the text by Pypus, we postulate the emergence of a “we” phase which allows for critical reflection and temporarily frees a “person” from petrifying discourses imposed by the social “they.” This makes it possible for the “person” to come into existence and critically approach the “understanding of everyday estimations”; this takes place by referring to the strong value of opposition against “cruelty,” but this reference is fleeting and does not endure in further questioning.
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The present paper focuses on several significant issues connected with writing/reading journals. The author discusses journals, treated as an everyday practice based on obligatory narrativization of experience (as defined by Hannah Arendt), within the ethical horizon demarcated by the philosophy of Paul Ricoeur and Charles Taylor and the ideas of David Parker. Parker’s argument of immanent ethical nature of journaling is confronted with autobiographical theories developed by Philippe Lejeune, Małgorzata Czermińska, and Magdalena Marszałek. The discussion is supplemented by the indispensable component of gender. The narrative nature of journals becomes a starting point for changing the perspective used in the analysis of journals – from hermeneutic to constructivist, which also finds its reflection in how the subject is shaped in journal entries.
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The author agrees with the positions held by Charles Taylor and David Parker, who associate autobiographical accounts with “thick” languages of the good. She believes that writing an account of one’s own life requires adequate language which the third-person perspective typical for hard science cannot supply. On the example of Jadwiga Stańczakowa’s Diary of a Twosome, she demonstrates that keeping a diary is a type of spiritual exercise understood as a way of living a good life.
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The present article discusses issues connected with the process of editing autobiographical works. On the basis of selected examples (especially the editing of journals by Jan Józef Lipski and Jan Józef Szczepański), the author emphasizes how significant a role is played by editor’s notes and comments. It is pointed out that there are no clear criteria or commonly accepted practices in this field. The article constitutes a call for a methodological discussion. The invitation is not directed exclusively at editors. The debate is intended to span various specializations and help develop a code of commonly accepted practical editing solutions.
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The Ingarden family archive includes the diary of Roman Witold Ingarden, over 400 pages long. This personal document is not completely unknown in Polish specialist literature dealing with the life and work of the phenomenologist. As an author of an autobiographical work, Ingarden was certainly not an exception in his times. At the turn of the 19th and the 20th century, many people wrote diaries and other life narratives. It is worth noting that personal journals (some later published and some still available only in handwritten form) were written by Kazimierz Twardowski, Władysław Tatarkiewicz, and other Polish philosophers. It was also enormously popular to write letters and poetry bearing autobiographical traces. It should be noted that the text analysed in the article was not originally created as an autobiographical document of a philosopher, but as an account of the life of an aspiring artist. Ingarden was a poet for a large part of his life and continued to write poetry even after the Second World War.
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