MEDIJI

Author(s): Amer Džihana / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

U poglavlju se opisuju osnovne karakteristike medijskog sistema Bosne i Hercegovine. Neprestano se ukazuje na jaz između zakonskih odredbi, koje u pravilu sublimiraju najnaprednija svjetska rješenja, i stvarnosti u kojoj mediji djeluju, a koja je snažno određena post-konfliktnom i tranzicijskom prirodom bosanskohercegovačkog društva. U prvom dijelu razmatra se opći regulatorni okvir za elektronske i štampane medije, zatim se, u drugoj sekciji, opisuje medijsko tržište. U trećem se dijelu portretiraju osnovne karakteristike medijskih sloboda kao i odgovornosti novinara i medija u BiH. U zaključnom razmatranju, snažno se zagovara prevazilaženje postojeće diskrepancije između „idealnog“ zakonskog okvira i nezadovoljavajućih praksi implementacije.

Macron, Merkel a České zájmy při reformě EU

Author(s): Jakub Eberle,Jan Kovář / Language(s): Czech

Reformní návrhy Emmanuela Macrona a Angely Merkel přináší řadu příležitostí prosadit české zájmy. Pokud se Praha nebude přehnaně soustředit na sporné otázky, otevírá se jí šance vyjednat řadu výhodných kompromisů. Česká republika by měla podpořit rozvoj společných evropských sil pro stabilizační vojenské operace, dokončení jednotného digitálního trhu a evropské investice do vědy, výzkumů a inovací. Všechny tyto oblasti jsou jednoznačně v jejím zájmu. Do společné azylové politiky by se ČR mohla zapojit podporou rozšíření mandátu Frontexu a zejména pak posílením své politiky rozvojové spolupráce.

jaknaIT.cz: Celoživotní vzdělávání rodičů na mateřské a rodičovské dovolené

Author(s): Linda Sokačová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Práce a pracovní síla v informační společnosti: příležitosti a výzvy pro lidská práva žen

Author(s): Heike Jensen / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Media relations

Author(s): Krzysztof Gołata / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Rozwój współczesnych technologii komunikowania społecznego stwarza ogromne wyzwanie zarówno dla nadawców, jak i odbiorców komunikatów medialnych. Z jednej strony nadawca informacji (np. przedsiębiorstwo) ma do dyspozycji coraz więcej możliwości dotarcia do swoich interesariuszy, z drugiej zaś – interesariusze mogą korzystać z informacji, których źródłem jest nie tylko konkretne przedsiębiorstwo, ale także szeroko rozumiana opinia publiczna. Tym samym powstaje szereg (często niezależnych od przedsiębiorstwa) kanałów informowania interesariuszy. Współczesne relacje instytucji lub organizacji z mediami nie sprowadzają się jedynie do szeroko rozumianego informowania opinii publicznej, ale także do wnikliwego analizowania i reagowania na wszelkiego rodzaju komentarze (często wzbogacane dodatkowymi informacjami) pojawiające się w sieci. Trudno w pełni zgodzić się z głoszonymi publicznie opiniami o zaniku dotychczasowych form kontaktów instytucji (np. przedsiębiorstw) z interesariuszami. Współczesne technologie z zakresu komunikowania nie przyczyniają się do wyeliminowanie znanych dotychczas form komunikowania, lecz nadają im inny charakter. Zmuszają one nadawców i odbiorców komunikatów medialnych do przewartościowania wielu pojęć, a nawet zmiany sposobu myślenia o wielu problemach związanych ze skutecznością komunikowania społecznego. Nowe wyzwania są immanentną cechą współczesnego społeczeństwa. Autor porządkuje ten trudny obszar. Wprowadza czytelnika w wieloaspektowość pojęcia media relations. Wylicza i omawia formy kontaktów z mediami. Zbiera zasady kontaktów z mediami. Objaśnia, jak na media relations wpływają portale społecznościowe. Opisuje też instytucję rzecznika prasowego.

Overview of the Case Studies

Author(s): Author Not Specified / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

СОЦИАЛНИТЕ МЕДИИ В ОБУЧЕНИЕТО ПО ЧУЖД ЕЗИК

Author(s): Yanka Koeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Today's young people, called E-generation, digital generation (Digital Natives), generation Z, are growing up with mobile phones, computers and the internet, so they take for granted and natural the use of social media in foreign language learning situations. The article clarifies the concept of 'new media', not in their new forms. The newness lies in the opportunity to use and expand the functions of the 'old' media through innovative technologies. The educational effects of the application of interactive media are presented. The means of communication related to social media (emails, forums, blogs, podcasts, web or internet telephony, chats, virtual classrooms) are reviewed.

Концепцията за корпоративната социална отговорност и преходът към устойчиво развитие в България – възможности и проблеми: Управленските предизвикателства

Author(s): Diana Genkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents an assessment of the opportunities for the Bulgarian economy and the Bulgarian business to move towards sustainable development under the concept of corporate social responsibility. On the part of CSR supporters, the concept in question is not just a channel for a transition to sustainability; they identify it with sustainable development. This paper is not intended to deny the concept of CSR, but to specify the limitations to CSR on the road to sustainability, on the one hand, and the defi cits related to CSR adoption in business management practice in Bulgaria. Based on a theoretical analysis within the system approach, the relationship between the two is interpreted: the concept of CSR and the concept of sustainable development. The main challenges to the process of CSR transformation into a means of transition to sustainability have been identifi ed. Results from a representative empirical study by other authors on CSR issues are also commented on.

Вземане на решения в условия на неядни бъдещи резултати

Author(s): Nadya Ivanova Marinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The rationale for investment and fi nancial decisions for business development in the real sector of the economy at risk is based on the development of their theoretical foundations. Particular attention is paid to the peculiarities of the business risk assessment in the real economy compared to the risk in the fi nancial sphere. To this end, we analyze the risk factors in different sectors of the economy that determine the opportunities for diversion of future business outcomes and also the specifi city of the main risk management methods. In this respect, key risk measures for the different activities and the theoretical criteria for assessing the risk decisions used in the decision-making process in the fi nancial markets take the cornerstone.

The adoption of Industry 4.0 solutions as a remedy against the pandemic crisis. The case of Polish companies

Author(s): Barbara Jankowska,Ewa Mińska-Struzik / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The authors aim to briefly present the adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies among Polish companies in the realm of the VUCA world. These solutions may work as measures that increase the resilience of companies against the Covid-19 crisis and support the recovery in “the new normal” reality. Design/methodology/approach: The paper combines literature studies with an empirical investigation in the form of computer-assisted telephone interviews conducted among 400 Polish manufacturing companies. Findings: Polish industrial manufacturing firms lag in implementing I4.0 technologies compared to their Western European counterparts. Research limitations/implications: The empirical part of the study was conducted among Polish companies. Similar studies among firms from other CEE countries will be necessary to conclude about this part of the world’s readiness to adopt 4.0 technologies. Practical implications: The pandemic era and increasing I4.0 adoption pose particular tasks for companies. They should revise their contractual arrangements with IT service providers and focus on data privacy and security topics, but also industry-specific regulations. Triggered by the Covid-19 crisis, these actions may contribute to developing companies’ comprehensive digital strategy in the “new normal” reality. Originality and value: The chapter contributes to the discussion on the readiness of companies and economies to adopt the Industry 4.0 technologies. It also provides the level of the adoption of these solutions in the context of a post-transition economy.

Future competences in times of an economic crisis

Author(s): Anna Łupicka / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the chapter is to present the competence patterns before and during the economic crisis and to determine the importance of individual competences for doing business in a turbulent environment. In many sectors of the economy, global changes triggered by Covid-19 called into question the use of existing sets of competences needed to run businesses effectively in supply chains. The continuous improvement of supply chains – or lean and agile management – will no longer work in current conditions. Faced with an increasingly unstable economy triggered by a global pandemic, many economists ask whether the existing competence patterns in companies or supply chains remain appropriate and proper for the current economic situation. Design/methodology/approach: In 2017, a survey was conducted among selected experts in the pharmaceutical sector. The same questionnaire distributed in September 2020, during the Covid-19 pandemic. The experts were highly qualified managers employed in transnational companies. The 10 respondents were asked to indicate selected competencies. The choice of the pharmaceutical sector was motivated primarily by its specific characteristics as it is particularly important not only economically but also socially, by providing life-saving medicines. Findings: Technical competences are becoming the necessary ones. This is due to the need for self-sufficiency in lockdown situations, when it is difficult to find external employees and the possibility of outsourcing skills. In the case of managerial competence, it is clear that creativity and entrepreneurial thinking have increased in importance. When analyzing social competences, what comes to the fore is diversity of intercultural skills: foreign language skills, the ability to compromise, the ability to transfer knowledge, and finally, the ability to adapt to change. Originality and value: This chapter answer what competences seem necessary for future managers in the pharmaceutical industry in a turbulent environment, which is crucial for research and teaching centers who seek to educate future managers at the highest level of specific competences and skills. Due to the dynamic development of the industry, the text identifies the needs in the areas of technical, managerial, and social skills.

Online sales of medicinal products in the CJEU case-law – between the free movement of goods and public health protection

Author(s): Gabriela Belova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The trans-border online purchase of medicines has been growing in the last decades. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the relevant case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union. The Luxembourg Court has addressed the issue of online sale of medicinal products on several occasions primarily from an internal market perspective. From its first judgments in cases Doc Morris, Ker-Optika and Pierre Fabre the Court tried to find the delicate balance between the freedom of goods within the European Union and the principle of protection of the public health. On the one hand, the Court tries to keep in line with the development of the internal market, including medicinal products sold online and on the other hand the public interest has been always observed, in particular the protection of public health. The article pays attention to one of the legislative initiatives of the European Commission in this field as well as to the newest judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union.

Rethinking the Communication with the Unions Members in the New Context

Author(s): Vasile Hodorogea,Tulia Maria Căşvean / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Additional to the three main trends influencing social dialogue at the organizational level - de-centralization, up-scaling, de-institutionalization and representation – the COVID-19 pandemic rules brought a new influence that impacts the Unions, forcing it to adapt its internal communication. This paper is centred upon the way the Unions members in Romania get access to information in the new labour landscape, characterized by the work from home and physical distancing. The research focuses on a collective case-study of three strong Union Federations that developed internal communication with unions’ members that fits the pandemic context. The research focuses on the internal communication repertoire elements used by the Unions. The research method assesses the qualitative information gathered by interviewing key Unions representatives. The main areas of interest are the key topics addressed in the communication with the members, the tools and media mix used, the frequency of the formal communication with the trade unions members, the accountable and the responsible persons with the internal communication, and the management of the feedback from the members, all in the context of what is different vs. 2019. The conclusions are enriched with some recommendations for future development of communication with union members, supporting the social dialog.

Teachers' Perception of the Phenomenon of Cyberbullying During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Author(s): Elena Zavoianu,Ion Ovidiu Pânișoară / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Cyberbullying is a negative social phenomenon that takes place online. It consists of harassing technology users through various means and various platforms. Frequent exposure to this phenomenon can cause emotional, mental and social problems for victims, witnesses and aggressors.In the current pandemic context, when education has shifted to the online environment, and students spend a significant amount of time using different devices and online platforms, the number of cyberbullying cases is constantly increasing. There is currently little research describing how this phenomenon influenced online aggression.In preventing and eliminating this phenomenon, teachers play an important role, due to the time they spend with students and the impact they can have on them.In order to identify teachers' perceptions of this phenomenon during the pandemic and how they manage it in the classroom, we conducted a qualitative research on 10 teachers from primary and secondary schools. The results of the research were interesting and offered a new perspective on this phenomenon during Covid-19 crisis.

The Importance of Information Technology in the Activity and Professional Development of Teachers

Author(s): Delia-Mioara Popescu,Anca-Elena Aviana (Bojan),Liviu Halip / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The use of information technology in the activity and professional development by the teachers represents an extinguished necessity of the current stage. The new technologies come to the aid of the teacher, in the exercise of his profession. Using them makes the teacher's work more efficient, it helps him save time and space in making the necessary documents for carrying out, in good conditions, the activity. The development of information technologies has boosted the professional training of teachers for the use of TIC tools. Traditional teaching methods are not replaced by technology, but this can improve both the course material and the relationship between students and the teacher. Educational institutions must take advantage of the opportunities offered by technology and create programs, special software to offer the student an interactive, rich and varied learning experience. Technology is everywhere around us, and this must determine us, those responsible for the educational act in schools, to change the way students assimilate information during class hours.

Analiza wyboru kanałów dystrybucji ubezpieczeń wśród gospodarstw domowych

Author(s): Agnieszka Samsel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of the article is to examine which distribution channels are most often used by households. Moreover, the opinions of households on the future functioning of insurers are verified, as well as the validity of the existence of insurance. The main hypothesis was that young people prefer remote contact with an insurance company. For the purposes of the study, 245 people were surveyed using a questionnaire (CAWI method). The research results are presented graphically in charts. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was also performed. This analysis showed that there is statistical significance in a pair of variables: gender and the possibility of eliminating personal contact with the insurer, and in a pair of variables – gender and the need to insure.

DeFi na rynku ubezpieczeniowym

Author(s): Robert Kurek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The acceleration and intensification of digitization processes, i.e. the growing use of digital technologies and the reliance of a large part of the economy on the Internet, has begun to change the emphasis on the role and importance of traditional architecture in the financial market, including the financial intermediation market. DeFi, or “decentralized finance”, is a part of the main trend of these changes and they have also found their place on the insurance market. On the one hand, their presence may significantly change the shape of the insurance market due to the fact that the idea of DeFi indirectly means building services and products separate from the traditional financial system. DeFi insurance and alternative risk coverage have the potential to successfully fill the insurance coverage gap for crypto-assets and limit the risk exposure that accompanies entities active in a decentralized economy.

Javne institucije i internet: politike i prakse u Bosni i Hercegovini

Author(s): Amar Numanović,Tarik Jusić,Nevena Ršumović / Language(s): Bosnian

Zakoni o slobodi pristupa informacijama u Bosni i Hercegovini ne sadrže odredbe o objavljivanju javnih informacija na webu, što onemogućava razvoj proaktivne transparentnosti javnih institucija. Istovremeno, različiti sektorski zakoni i posebne politike, kao i uputstva i preporuke koje se odnose na održavanje web-stranica javnih institucija jednim dijelom obavezuju javne organe da objavljuju određene vrste informacija na webu. Tako fragmentiran pravni okvir za objavljivanje informacija na webu dovodi do neujednačenih i slabo razvijenih praksi web-prisustva i transparentnosti javnih institucija u BiH. Od ključne je važnosti unaprijediti postojeće zakone o slobodi pristupa informacijama dodavanjem odredaba o obaveznom proaktivnom objavljivanju širokog spektra informacija na web-stranicama javnih institucija, a podzakonskim aktima o izradi i održavanju službenih web-stranica objavljivanje detaljnije precizirati.

Can Anonymous Be Prosecuted? A Reflection Under International Law in the Framework of the Current Armed Conflict in Ukraine

Author(s): Federica Cristani / Language(s): English

This reflection offers a concise analysis under national and international law of the cyber-operations carried out by Anonymous in the context of the ongoing armed conflict in Ukraine. It is highlighted that each one of the individuals acting as Anonymous is subject to the relevant national (cyber-criminal) law jurisdictions. Moreover, in the context of the war between Russia and Ukraine, they can be subject to the law of armed conflict. If their cyber-conduct amounts to “direct participation in hostilities”, they can even become targetable according to international humanitarian law. Also, when Anonymous directly participates in hostilities from a state that is not party to the armed conflict, the neutrality of non-belligerent countries can be challenged.

„Bidenomics“ a EU. Vliv přijeti inflation reduction act na Evropskou geoekonomickou debatu

Author(s): Tomáš Petříček / Language(s): Czech

The new US economic program, known as “bidenomics”, has been met with mixed reactions from its American partners from the beginning. This was particularly evident in the case of the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), which has raised considerable concerns about its geoeconomic impacts on the EU’s position. The European debate on the impacts and options for responding to the IRA reveals that significant differences in attitudes towards key geoeconomic instruments on the EU side persist. The policy paper focuses primarily on divergent approaches to industrial policy, which weakens the EU’s capacity to respond to the significant geoeconomic challenges of today. It is also a risk to its future competitiveness and to the success of two transformation processes underway in parallel – decarbonisation and digitalisation.