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Sytuacja osób z niepełnosprawnością na rynku pracy w Polsce

Author(s): Julia Krawczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2021

The article is empirical in nature and addresses the issue of the situation of people with disabilities on the labor market in Poland. The aim of this study was to find out the opinions of students from Polish academic universities on the above subject. The presented article is a report on the results of the research carried out in a group of 98 female and 27 male students. The conducted empirical analysis made it possible to diagnose the knowledge and opinions of students on: types of disabilities that may cause the greatest difficulties when looking for employment, contact with people with disabilities in the workplace, workplaces where, according to students’ opinion, they can look for a job, the most common barriers faced by such people in the workplace, the most important ways of intervening in supporting employment of people with disabilities. Relevant conclusions were formulated and explained in the discussion, along with the potential reasons for such and no other responses of the study participants.

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Praca i przedsiębiorczość w wybranych encyklikach papieskich od Leona XIII do Jana Pawła II

Author(s): Paweł Piotrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2021

Searching for ethical fundaments and principles of human’s economic activity, almost all popes refer to the evolutionistic justification in their papers. Almost all popes, raising a question in their encyclicals, accept so-called formal capitalism conditions, these are: private property, free market and individual entrepreneurship, not submitting any manipulations of a nation. However, the main characteristic feature for these popes is that they all agree with so-called formal capitalism conditions, but they justify them from different perspectives. They use other arguments for justifying human entrepreneurship or human freedom in an economics field, not differing from referring to formal conditions. And however, dozens of years divide all these popes - because they lived in different times and eras - and that single voice, which they use in their pontificate histories, reflects on full agreement and social education continuity of the Church as for social issues, entrepreneurship development and its functioning according to Catholic principles.

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Odpowiedzialność solidarna w łańcuchu podwykonawców za zapłatę wynagrodzenia na rzecz pracownika delegowanego

Author(s): Jakub Grygutis / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The purpose of this article is to analyse the institution of joint liability of co-obligors in the chain of subcontractors for payment of wage of a posted employee. The paper explains the premises of application of the said liability and the scope of the potential liability as provided for in Art. 12 of Directive 2014/67/EU. Additionally, the author makes an attempt at analysing how this institution was implemented into Belgian, German and Polish laws. The text tries to answer the posed question concerning the issue on how the described institution effectively secures the interest of the posted employees.

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Kilka uwag na temat stosowania pracy na własny rachunek z naruszeniem art. 22 Kodeksu Pracy

Author(s): Tomasz Duraj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

The main objective of the foregoing study is to show the causes and circumstances of the use of self-employment in violation of Art. 22 of the Labour Code, as well as an attempt to find solutions to effectively and efficiently combat fictitious self-employment. The legal solutions in force in this regard are not sufficient, and the scale of abuse is enormous. It is estimated that in Poland the number of self-employed people operating in conditions characteristic of an employment relationship varies between 130,000 and 180,000, although in my opinion these figures are greatly underestimated. The considerations presented here are the result of the research conducted under the direction of profesor Tomasz Duraj within the framework of a research grant funded by the National Science Centre entitled ”In search of a legal model of self-employment in Poland. Comparative legal analysis” (contract No. UMO-2018/29/B/HS5/02534 for research project No. 2018/29/B/HS5/02534).

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Rokowania zbiorowe jako instrument przeciwdziałania nadużyciom w zatrudnieniu nietypowym

Author(s): Łukasz Pisarczyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2023

Workers working outside the employment relationship do not enjoy full statutory protection of their work. The law protects them only in selected areas (e.g. minimum hourly rate). Moreover, civil law contracts as a legal basis of employment, are often abused. Collective bargaining can play an important role in protecting workers. It can limit employment outside the employment relationship as well as guarantee certain working and pay conditions. For factual and legal reasons, the potential of collective bargaining is not used. In order to improve the situation, greater activity of social partners is needed, but also a reconstruction of the legal framework for the social dialogue.

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The Problems of Remote Work in Polish Labour Code

Author(s): Krzysztof W. Baran / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Section IIC of the Labour Code that was adopted by the Parliament in December 2022 introduces new regulations concerning remote work to Polish labour legislation. Thus, the binding legal provisions included in the anti-Covid legislation were repealed. The legislation authority established a new model of remote work. The aim of this study is to provide a general characteristic of this model. For the purposes of this article, I will focus mainly on the subjective and objective issues. The essence of remote work consists in performing this work at a location specified by the employee and agreed with the employer. The results of remote work are submitted with the use of means of remote communication. De lege lata, two types may be distinguished: contractual remote work and remote work that is designated unilaterally. This allows the parties to the employment relationship to adapt it in a flexible way to the diverse conditions of the work environment at the dawn of the post-industrial era.

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Vis maior jako powód zwolnienia od pracy

Author(s): Justyna Czerniak-Swędzioł / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

One of the completely new rights given to employees as a result of the April 2023 amendments to the Labour Code is exemption from work due to force majeure in urgent family matters caused by illness or accident, if the employee’s immediate presence is necessary (Art. 1481 § 1 of the Labour Code). When interpreting the law, there is the concept of rationality of the legislator, which should be applied here. Which means that the employee does not so much have to request the employer to take time off from work due to force majeure above, but remains obliged to report absence from work in advance or report the need to leave the workplace for an urgent family matter caused by illness or accident. Applying in this case the interpretation developed on the basis of the provisions on leave on demand to Art. 1481 of the Labour Code does not remain justified.

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INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT AND POVERTY REDUCTION: AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE NIGERIAN HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT

Author(s): Olawunmi Omitogun,Adebayo Akanbi Johnson,Timothy Ayomitunde Aderemi / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Nigeria's high poverty rate might be linked to the country's failure to develop its industrial sector over the past years. Against this background, this study examined the influence of industrial expansion on poverty reduction in Nigeria. Data from, 1990 to 2021 were estimated using completely modified ordinary least squares method and Pairwise Granger causality respectively. According to the study's findings, manufacturing value added and human capital development are inversely related in Nigeria but statistically not significant. This is an indication that industrial development has a less capacity to reduce poverty in Nigeria, which is contrary to the aprori expectation. The deficiency in industrial development in Nigeria might account for this result. Furthermore, there is no causal link between industrial value added and the human development index. This implies that the current level of industrial development in Nigeria could not reduce poverty in the country. Based on these findings, the study recommends for the Nigerian policymakers, among other things, that policies and programme that would drive industrial expansion should be embarked upon in the country, this would boost job creation, output growth, and eventually eliminate poverty in the country.

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The legal framework of on call duty for teleworkers

Author(s): Mihaela Marica / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Today’s Labour Law acknowledges the importance of flexibility in the individual work relationships by the widescale use of teleworking programs. However, the teleworking phenomenon proliferates in parallel with an opposite trend, by which teleworkers are less protected, as a consequence of the current practices by which they are required to respond work-related calls at any time, wherever they are, and the general standards regulating the working time are ignored. While the European Union states show obvious concern with removing such risks, the practice of the Court of Justice of the European Union, given in its interpretation of the Directive concerning certain aspects in the organization of working time, is extremely important. The present study starts from the analysis of certain points in the content of the Working Time Directive 2003/88 adopted across the European Union with regard to the working time, and goes on to provide an overview of relevant decisions issued by the CJEU on working time, then draws conclusions on the legal framework (juridical regime) of on-call duty in the case of teleworkers.

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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND POVERTY IN INDONESIA

Author(s): Muhammad Bukhori Dalimunthe,Bethlehem Efrata Sitanggang,Fitri Yani Panggabean / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

Economic growth is one of the main parameters to evaluate a country’s development efficiency. The higher the economic growth, the more productive and advanced the country will be. On the other hand, economic growth is also a strategic step to reduce poverty, which has always been an urgent problem in various parts of the world. Therefore, economic growth is needed to prosper the community through equitable economic growth. The purpose of this paper is to analyze economic growth against poverty. Data analysis used the literature review method from articles sourced from the Science and Technology Index (SINTA). The analysis is based on the latest findings on economic growth and poverty in Indonesia over the last decade. Research findings reveal that the synthesis of economic growth impacts reducing poverty in Indonesia. Furthermore, suppose economic growth is evenly distributed at all levels of society. In that case, the role of government is fair, honest, and responsible. As a result, the competence of human resources increases, and job opportunities will be wide open to absorb workers, positively impacting poverty in Indonesia.

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ПРИНУДИТЕЛНИЯТ ТРУД КАТО ФОРМА НА СЪВРЕМЕННО РОБСТВО

Author(s): Diana Sabotinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2023

The global integration of economies, including labour markets, has brought many opportunities for workers and businesses. The growth in the global economy has not been beneficial for all. Nowadays million men, women and children are in forced labour, trafficked, held in debt bondage or work in slave-like conditions. So we need an understanding of forced labour and what it is, as well as recognizing the importance of defining forced labour and related practices as a form of modern slavery. Forced labour includes private- imposed forced labour (forced labour exploitation, forced commercial sexual exploitation, forced labour of children) and state-imposed forced labour.

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DEVELOPMENT OF THE AGRICULTURAL WORKFORCE IN ROMANIA AND HUNGARY, ESPECIALLY IN THE PERIOD AFTER THE ACCESSION TO THE EU

Author(s): Szeréna Nagy / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2021

Agriculture is a vital activity that plays a key role in the food security of the population, has an impact on regional and local ecosystems and is a tool for the economic development of every country. Accession to the European Union had a serious impact on the agricultural performance of the accessing countries, and had an effect on the fluctuation of agricultural employees. The proportion of the population living in rural areas is also declining in Romania, Hungary and the European Union, as the primary source of subsistence in rural areas is agriculture, which is a less attractive alternative to the more competitive sectors provided by urban areas. As a result of the above mentioned processes, the structure of agricultural workforce is constantly changing and deteriorating, and for the young generation, agriculture and rural life are not a viable alternative for the future. An aging tendency can be observed for the agricultural workforce. The aim of the presented study is to examine and present the situation of the agricultural workforce in Romania and Hungary, the transformation of its structure in recent years, especially in the years following the EU accession, and to draw some important conclusions, which include the most important past trends and also provide future perspectives and suggestions in relation to the topic under study.

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ANALYSIS OF WORK-LIFE CONFLICT CONSTRUCT IN CASE OF TELEWORK - A CASE STUDY OF TEACHERS FROM KASHMIR VALLEY (INDIA) DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

Author(s): Fatima R. Khateeb / Language(s): English Issue: 26/2021

The work family conflict (WFC) as a concept for understanding work-life balance dates back to 1985. Although a number of characterizations have been propounded but the tripartite characterization of time¬- based, strain-based and behavior-based conflict is favored and has achieved greater currency. This study seeks to analyze the nature of WFC in case of telework. The case of online teaching in Kashmir valley during the Covid-19 pandemic is taken up in this study. The experience of conflict between work and life is also assessed with regards to different demographics.

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Expatriation and permanent emigration intention among youth in Azerbaijan

Author(s): Khatai Aliyev,Aysu Abbasova,Royala Alishzada,Alsu Jafarova / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

What are the major factors affecting Azerbaijani youth to boost their motivation for emigration? The research explores a complex interplay of possible factors that shape the temporary and permanent emigration intentions among Azerbaijani youth, using a survey of 1085 respondents aged 17 to 35 (47% males,53% females). According to the study, youth’s emigration intention in Azerbaijan should be concerning, as more than half are willing to leave the country permanently. More and more young individuals dream of moving abroad since they attract to the allure of higher earnings, higher standards of living, and many other factors. Social and environmental factors, such as the quest for personal freedom, satisfaction from ecological conditions, marital status, family ties, and age factor are the strongest contributors to youth’s expatriate motivation. Besides,almost all life domains significantly influence the permanent emigration intentions of youth. To sum it up, this research sheds light on the considerations of Azerbaijani youth and provides insights into the factors that drive or hindere migration. The study concludes that to prevent youth emigration, policymakers in Azerbaijan must address the root causes of emigration. Research findings offer a unique perspective for policymakers to design a migration policy to help retain young talent.

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UKRAINE'S INDUSTRY DURING THE WAR: LOSSES AND PRIORITIES FOR RECOVERY

Author(s): Ella Sheludko,Mariia Zavgorodnia / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2022

The article is devoted to an important factor of survival and stability of the economyin the future, which is the industry. The authors summarize the estimates of industrial lossesprovided by various organizations and provide their views on approaches to estimatingpotential industrial losses. It is proposed to support industries that produce high-tech goodsthat can meet domestic demand and preserve export potential, as well as create new jobs forpostwar reconstruction, which will not only preserve existing industrial potential, but alsoachieve its revival in the new technological and scientific-innovative level. In this context, thesectoral priorities for the development of light, chemical and construction materialsindustries are substantiated. The potential losses and destruction of production capacities inthese spheres of industrial development were monitored, actions to restore their potential andstrategic goals of sectoral development were substantiated, taking into account the provisionof national interests.

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Поколението Z като студенти и служители: особености и предизвикателства

Author(s): Marin Paunov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2024

This article examines some essential characteristics of the cohort referred to as "Generation Z" (Gen Z) in their capacity as students and employees. This group demonstrates specifics of their preferences and behaviors, covered and analyzed in a growing number of publications in recent years, and an overview of the most important conclusions from these works is carried out in the text. The specifics of Gen Z in academic and training environments and in an organizational context are discussed. The results of an author's empirical research (survey) of students from different specialties at the UNWE (N=204) at the end of 2023 are presented. This survey focuses on two areas of Gen Z preferences: academic (which methods of education and learning do they prefer and consider most effective) and organizational (when choosing an employer organization, what they would like it to be, what they expect to receive career-wise from it and what they would like the working environment there to be).

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TEORII ȘI MODELE ALE DEZVOLTĂRII RESURSELOR UMANE

Author(s): Bianca-Maria Ursache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 51/2023

This article examines the practices present in two firms as part of a group in Romania, with a focus on their impact from employees' perspective. The study employs a mixed research approach, combining qualitative and quantitative methods to gain a comprehensive understanding of the development and evaluation practices in the organization. The research findings reveal the effectiveness of onboarding programs in providing essential information to new employees, while mentoring programs require improvement. The evaluation process consists of 360-degree assessments and objective setting, but some employees perceive subjectivity and incomplete coverage of relevant elements.

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DISSEMINATING EXTRA-ROLE SERVICE BEHAVIOR IN THE PUBLIC SECTOR: THE EFFECT OF HEALTH-ORIENTED LEADERSHIP AND WORK ENGAGEMENT

Author(s): Gökhan Kerse,Şefik Özdemir,Mesut Soyalın / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

This study focused on health-orientedleadership (HoL), attempting to determine whether thisnew type of leadership affects extra-role service behavioreither directly or indirectly (through work engagement).Data were collected from public employees working inthe service sector in a province in Turkey through theconvenience sampling method. The study hypotheseswere tested with structural equation modeling (SEM)using the SmartPLS software. The analysis findings haverevealed that the perception of health-oriented leadershippositively affects extra-role service behavior. Moreover,this effect was present not only directly, but also indirectly(through work engagement). The findings have alsoconfirmed that health-oriented leadership is important inincreasing public employees' engagement and extra-roleservice behaviors. Therefore, it was determined thathealth-oriented leadership brings positive outcomes inthe public sector.

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DOES FORMAL EDUCATION AT ALL LEVELS CAUSE ECONOMIC GROWTH? EVIDENCE FROM GREECE

Author(s): Panagiotis PEGKAS,Constantinos Tsamadias / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2015

This study empirically investigates the link between the levels of formal education and economic growth in Greece during the period 1960- 2009. The paper applies the Lucas approach (1988) and employs cointegration, error-correction models and estimates the effect of each educational level on economic growth. The empirical analysis reveals that there is a long-run relation between educational levels and gross domestic product. The overall results show that secondary and higher education has had a statistically significant positive impact on growth, while primary has not contributed to economic growth. The findings also suggest that there is evidence of unidirectional long-run causality running from primary education to growth, bidirectional long-run causality between secondary and growth, long-run and short-run causality running from higher education to economic growth.

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USING ZMET FOR INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF SOCIAL MEDIA IN THE EMPLOYMENT PROCESS

Author(s): Magdalena DANILEȚ,Claudia STOIAN BOBÂLCĂ / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2017

The purpose of this paper is to explore the role of social media in the employment setting as it is perceived by the job seekers. The study is a qualitative investigation in which thirteen in-depth interviews based on Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) were conducted in order to gain a deeper understanding of the link between social media and the process of employment. The 22 elicited bipolar constructs associated with the role of social media in the employment setting were framed into six deep metaphors: Connection, Resource, Journey, Control, Affective Distress and Transformation. The size of the sample and the deeply subjective nature of answers provided by the subject’s limits the generalization of the results for a wider range of job seekers in the social media environment. This research provides an insight into deep-seated motivations, attitudes and behaviors involved in the use of social media by job seekers.

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