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Improving education due to the need to adapt it to the requirements of the economic development and of the labor market – issues of past history and contemporary features

Author(s): Cornelia Nistor / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2016

Improving education has been and continues to be a necessary condition in any society. Education contributes to increase the level of civilization, to develop the individual personality, but also to increase the level of the economic development. Organization and subsequent reorganization of the Romanian education system has been pursuing desiring to adapt better it better to the labor market needs and to adapt it to the international education system. The management strategies which are applied in this area should be considered adapting it to flick domestic and international labor market conditions to the new education methods and techniques, used at the international level. The new trends desiring to transform the economy into a green economy require increased investments in education, in order to train the specialists in new green areas.

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Human Capital and organizational effectiveness

Author(s): Ioana - Julieta Josan / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2013

The new organizational changes caused by social, economic and politic reforms led to a shift in the strategic management of the companies. The growing need for professionals, who know how to generate profits, is growing and increase confidence of partners and clients, find new ideas and adapt to a dynamic market. Therefore, internally, we need an efficient management of human resources to find and retain the most suitable and efficient people which will increase productivity and face the increased acting globally competition. Currently, companies that succeed are the ones that integrate in their business strategy, an important component of development and valuation human capital. The paper aims to analyze and highlight the importance of human capital in the new organizational strategies, focused on achieving a high level of competitiveness, innovation and excellence.

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Podobieństwo struktur zatrudnienia w krajach Unii Europejskiej w latach 2008–2017 – ocena dynamiki

Author(s): Małgorzata Markowska,Danuta Strahl,Elżbieta Sobczak,Petr Hlaváček / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2019

The aim of the paper is to identify groups of European Union countries similar in terms of employment structures, applying the furthest neighbour agglomerative clustering procedure with dynamic approach. The employment data for UE countries is reported in 10 sections: agriculture, industry, construction, trade, information, finance and insurance, real estate, professional services, administration, culture. A research presented covers the period of 2008–2017. Distance matrices for the dissimilarity of employment structures in EU countries have been calculated separately for each year. Then, the furthest neighbour method has been applied (which is next to Ward method in group identification efficiency) with the critical agglomerative distance of 0.15. It means that two groups can be merged if the furthest distance between objects belonging to different groups is not bigger than 0.15. Cutting dendrograms in this way we found that the resulting groups of countries for consecutive years are rather similar. Luxemburg and Romania formed a single -object groups in every year. Three main groups have been identified within other EU countries. Dynamics of these groups content, and average structures is discussed.

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Innovation distance of Polish regions in relation to European models

Author(s): Marek Szajt / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2020

This article deals with the subject of the level of innovative development that is characteristic of Polish regions in comparison with other nations of the European Union. Among the main measures of innovation, the following factors were taken into account: patent activity, employment in the R&D sector, expenditure on R&D, and human resources for science and technology. Based on numerous studies indicating that this is an issue, an attempt has been made to measure the innovation gap in spatial and dynamic terms using a number of statistical tools. The innovation gap index, the innovation level change index and the patent advantage indicator were used as measures. Each of these methods takes into account certain measures of innovation (and their different approaches), which allows the problem to be comprehensively studied. Statistical data from the Eurostat, OECD and EPO databases for 2009–2017, which are related to the availability of data presented in regional innovation rankings, were used in the study. The results clearly show a disproportion in the development of Polish regions in relation to their European counterparts, but also in the direction of change over recent years. There are in addition symptoms of positive changes illustrated by detailed assessments of the indicators examined for selected Polish regions.

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The impact of the transformation of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan on the reproduction of human capital: socio-economic aspect

Author(s): Gulnara Nyussupova,Gaukhar Aidarkhanova,Stephen S. Young / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

In the context of the transition of the national economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan to an innovative type of development, the issues of the formation and development of human capital are becoming increasingly important. Increasing labor productivity, developing high-tech production, creating innovative products in the republic is impossible without providing the branches of the national economy with personnel who have the necessary professional and personal competencies. In turn, social and economic factors affect the formation and quality of human capital, while there is an uneven spatial distribution of human resources. Accordingly, the priorities of the socio-economic development of the territories require coordination with the tasks of increasing human capital. The basis of this study is the analysis of the reproduction processes of human capital in the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, taking into account the socio-economic component. The object of the research is the human capital of the regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the subject of the research is the socio-economic aspect of the development of human capital. The method of the integral index for assessing human capital was taken as the main model for calculating human capital. We identified not only socio-economic factors affecting the effective use of human capital in the regions, but also demographic, environmental components and calculated indices based on these factors. The analysis showed that one of the key factors affecting the differentiation of the level of accumulated human capital is socio-economic. According to the results, the regions were identified as leaders and outsiders in terms of the level of accumulated human capital, regions with a post-industrial warehouse of the economy have high indicators of the human capital index, regions with agricultural specialization are low.

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Przedsiębiorcze kobiety Wałbrzycha w latach 2013–2020

Author(s): Agata Buczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2021

The aim of the article was to present the entrepreneurial behaviour of women who started a business in Wałbrzych (Poland) in 2013–2020, as well as an attempt to determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic, which began in Poland in March 2020, had an impact on the entrepreneurial decisions of Wałbrzych female residents, with particular emphasis on the number and types of companies established by them. The analyses were performed on selected statistical data obtained from the Central Statistical Office – based mainly on the REGON database and on the PKD statement, with the use of reports of the State Agency for Enterprise Development. The analyses were based on the desc research method and deduction. The types of activity that were most popular among women deciding to set up their own companies were indicated, while the COVID-19 pandemic did not change the type of activity, which in all the years covered by the study was invariably the most frequently registered. A detailed analysis of the data revealed the diversity among newly established female economic activities.

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DIRECT AGE DISCRIMINATION OF OLDER AND YOUNG EMPLOYEES IN THE SCIENTIFIC AND HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM OF THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA

Author(s): Dragana Bjelić Gaćeša / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Age discrimination comes to the fore at all stages of the employment process and can imply a number of negative consequences for both young and older people. The goal of this paper is to check the existence of direct age discrimination of older and young workers in the hiring process in the system of science and higher education of the Republic of Croatia. The paper should answer the questions of whether and to what extent respondents have ever personally experienced discrimination in employment by being told or written that they are too young or too old. In order to achieve the said goal, an empirical research was conducted, and employees of two Croatian universities were selected for the research group: Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek and the University of Rijeka. Data collection was conducted using an onlinequestionnaire posted on the Google Drive platform between May 29 and June 21, 2017. The list of contacts and e-mail addresses of the respondents were obtained from the official websites of the constituent universities and theirRectors’ offices, and a total of 2958 addresses were identified: 1506 at the University of Rijeka and 1452 addresses at the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University in Osijek. The empirical research results indicated the following: 1. 12.97% of respondents experienced direct age discrimination in the hiring process by being told/informed in writing that they were too young 2. 7.52% of respondents experienced direct age discrimination in the hiring process by being told/informed in writing that they were too old 3. there is a statistically significant difference between respondents with regard to age. Elderly respondents were more likely to experience direct age discrimination by being told/informed in writing that they were too old 4. there is a statistically significant difference between respondents with regard to years of service. Respondents who were told/informed in writing in the hiring process that they were too old on average have more years of work experience (21,05 years) than those who were not told/informed in writing (15, 47 years)

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Ризик-орієнтоване управління підприємством в умовах пандемії COVID-19

Author(s): Ludmila Semerun,Kostiantyn Zhadko,Tetiana Nosova,Viktoriia Vyshnevska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 8 (41)/2022

The article substantiates the urgency of the problem of risk-oriented management of the enterprise in a pandemic COVID-19. Factors of business destabilization in crisis conditions and specific factors of business destabilization due to the COVID-19 pandemic are characterized by parameters: scale, speed of distribution, duration, labor shortage, external coordination, availability of infrastructure. Specific types of risks, which are caused by the transformation of trends of informatization and digitalization of business in the conditions of coronary crisis, are substantiated. The structural and logical scheme of identification and quantitative assessment of enterprise risks in the conditions of COVID-19 pandemic spread has been developed. The methodical toolkit of complex risk assessment, which is based on the construction of the RISK-navigator matrix, takes into account the basis of local risk assessment by groups: sales, logistics, competence, social, communication, information, digital risk, risk of unforeseen competition, reputation and allows reasonable assessment to the negative consequences of the COVID-19 crisis. The study argues that the advantage of the RISK-navigator matrix is the collection of information on risk control for certain segments and the selection of an appropriate method of reducing each of them based on the development of an effective program of measures to minimize them and the possibility of risk movement to identify risk characteristics. Identification of dynamic, pendulum and migratory risks that are most critical for the enterprise. A scale for assessing the company's vulnerability to the negative consequences of the COVID-19 crisis has been developed, which determines the level of risk (catastrophic, critical, acceptable) and proposes basic measures to minimize risks and increase the margin of safety in a pandemic. A system of risk management standards has been formed, the implementation of which in the practical activities of domestic enterprises will allow to form an effective system of risk-oriented management.

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Моделі ефективності управління часом організації в умовах інноваційних трансформацій

Author(s): Oleksandr Levchenko,Tetiana Nemchenko,Snizhana Kovalenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 8 (41)/2022

The article discloses the significance of the formation of a time management culture both at personal and corporate levels. It is based on the fact that time management is one of the most important soft skills today, which will give an opportunity to increase overall productivity of a company. Having carried out the evolution of the opinions of scientists regarding the category "time management", the authors came to the conclusion that this concept should be interpreted as an art that is designed to find the boundaries between the rational use of time and the fear of its inefficient use to ultimately ensure human well-being. It is emphasized that time management is carried out taking into account psychological, social and behavioral influencing factors. It has been established that a major role in time planning is played by the influence of time structures and time norms, which establish the framework according to which the actual planning of working hours takes place. The authors proposed to distinguish four models of the efficiency of the use of working time, taking into account the level of structured working time and labor productivity in a company. In general, the authors distinguish a depressive-stagnant, bureaucratic-oriented, people-centered, and performance-oriented model. It should be noted that each company, depending on the stage of its own development and size, can go through each of these stages, but the most optimal are the human-centered model and the performance-oriented model. The authors developed a mechanism for the introduction of time management technology for the formation of the most optimal option for time management both at the individual and corporate levels. In particular, it is proposed to carry out the analysis of internal and external factors influencing a time management process. As the next stage, the authors consider it expedient to determine time limits and take into account the type of time mechanisms that are inherent to employees. The implementation of the time management process with its optimal construction will lead to an increase in labor productivity, a decrease in the influence of negative factors, in particular stress, and will positively affect the quality of life.

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Investigating the impact of Goods and Service Tax (GST) on the banking sector with reference to selected banks in India

Author(s): Sharan Kumar Shetty,Cristi Spulbăr,Ramona Birau,Petre Valeriu Ninulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 75/2022

The banking sector is one of the main sectors of our economy and generates huge revenue income. India is a nation with impressively splendid banks with ample resources and rules and regulations that are well-regulated. GST, i.e. Goods and Service Tax, a new tax regime launched at midnight on 1 July 2017, is one of the biggest transformations faced by the industry during this time. GST is a replacement to the VAT system. Tax rate on banking services have been increased in the present system. This study seeks to understand the problems faced by the banking sector and their impact on customers following the introduction of the GST. By abolishing the centralized registration of banks, the new tax regime has taken an unprecedented measure. All bank branches now have to register for smooth functioning in each state under GST. This research study emphases on the challenges faced by the banking sector on the introduction of GST and the implications for improving the rules, wherever required. This study helps the effect of GST on the banking sector to be understood by detailing the problems and advantages of GST. The perception of banking employees on the GST impact on the banking is undertaken through questionnaire. Areas of improvements which can be made in the GST sector are analysed.

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mpact of Education and Income Inequality on Per Capita Income Amid COVID-19 pandemic

Author(s): Sumera Arshad,Muhammad Zahid Naeem,Cristi Spulbăr,Ramona Birau,Petre Valeriu Ninulescu / Language(s): English Issue: 76/2022

The present research study is an attempt to analyse the effects of various levels of education and income inequality on real GDP per capita, in the COVID-19 pandemic era, including 70 countries. We found empirical evidence that the relationship of various levels of education with growth of real income per capita remained the same in 2020 as it was in 2010, except for the slight difference in the magnitudes of the coefficients. The primary school enrolment of the two decades earlier has revealed as the increasing factor to the income per person. However, when we took a decade early or so values the relationship became converse indicating primary school enrolment as the decreasing factor to the income per capita. The empirics indicated that the secondary school enrolment remained contributing factor to the growth of income per capita, and it is the most effective level of education to increase the real GDP per capita. Moreover, there is no empirical evidence in the favour of relationship between tertiary education and the income per person. The income inequality has also provided insignificant results in our analysis.

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Risks and Consequences of Women’s Unemployment in Rural Communities from Romania. Results of an Empirical Study in Dolj County

Author(s): Alexandrina Mihaela Popescu,Gabriela Motoi / Language(s): English Issue: 76/2022

This article presents, in a sociological approach, the analysis of the issue of women`s unemployment, a topic that plays an important part both on the European public policies` agenda, as well as in the current sociological research and studies, which aim at increasing the rate of employment for the vulnerable categories of population. The importance of this topic derives from the fact that female persons in the rural areas are considered to be a vulnerable social category, usually confronted with several obstacles regarding employment, lacking the same acces as those in the urban areas to financial, educational and training resources that would allow them to improve the quality of life or to evolve in a proffesion. The article also presents the results of a quantitative research carried out in three rural communities in Dolj county (the SouthWest Oltenia Region) which are facing high or severe risk of marginalization, and in which one of the issues that require attention is women`s unemployment, especially long-term unemployment.

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THE ROLE OF COOPERATION IN THE INNOVATION ACTIVITY OF ENTERPRISES: THE CASE OF POLISH REGIONS

Author(s): Judyta Lubacha-Sember / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Innovations are seen as an important factor of regional growth, but what influences the innovation activity of enterprises? In the regional innovation system, the set of actors interacting with each other is surrounded with a specific socio-economic environment. In the present research, the following economic and social features in a region - human capital, social capital, the level of economic development, and the existence of FDI - are analysed as possible factors of the innovation activity undertaken by enterprises. Two types of innovation activity are analysed: in-house R&D and the acquisition of machinery, software and equipment. The analysis was conducted for the years: 2004-2006, 2006-2008, 2008-2010, 2010-2012, 2012-2014, and the 16 Polish NUTS-2 regions. Based on the results of econometric panel models, innovation cooperation was found to be significant and positively related with both types of innovation activity. Moreover, public financial support and the level of foreign capital involvement were found positively related with the in-house R&D activity.

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The Impact of Excessive Workload on Job Performance of Healthcare Workers during Pandemic: A Conceptual Mediation - Moderation Model

Author(s): Saswat Barpanda,Greeshma Saraswathy / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The paper conceptualises a mediation-moderation model of burnout, coping styles and personality traits to explain the impact of excessive workload on job performance of healthcare workers. The authors used an extensive literature review to conceptualise the above model. The model emerged with a theoretical causal relationship of the impact of excessive workload on job performance and how burnout, coping style and personality intervene in this relationship. It concluded with the propositions of a conceptualised moderated mediation. The paper adds value in terms of policy implications that have been clearly articulated, keeping in mind the relevance of the work in the context of pandemics.

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FIFTY YEARS OF RESEARCH ON INTERNAL PROMOTIONS: WHERE ARE WE GOING? AN INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEW AND BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

Author(s): Marc Aliana,Diego Prior / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2023

Internal promotions allow businesses to fill vacant positions through their current workforce, as an alternative to external recruitment. In this study, we present the findings of the first quantitative review on promotions as a complete field, including publications spanning over the last fifty years and incorporating the branches of social science relevant to this topic: business and management, psychology, sociology, and economics. First, we provided the number of publications, the most prolific authors, and journals over time. Second, we organized the dispersed literature by identifying the six main research trends, and analyzing their relationship with promotions: (i) Internal promotions and career success, (ii) Employee job satisfaction, (iii) Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and tournament theory, (iv) Racial discrimination in leadership positions, (v) Gender inequality, (vi) Job performance and employee personality. Third, we conducted a content analysis of recent publications (2017-2023), outlining key findings from each of the six identified research trends in internal promotions, thus evaluating their present-day relevance. We further identified promising areas for future investigation, particularly in employee job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and human resource management practices.

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Career Attitudes of Potential Tourism Specialists

Author(s): Olga Mancheva-Ali,Nadezhda Kostadinova / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

This article examines the career attitudes of potential specialists in tourism. It presents the results of an empirical study conducted among students majoring in Tourism at the Faculty of Economics of St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria. These results are analyzed by a complex of methods. Key conclusions are drawn, on the basis of which solutions are proposed. It turns out that adequate knowledge of the characteristics of the young generations is of key importance for future employers, necessary for proper adaptation to the job conditions they offer.

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FACTORS AND DETERMINANTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN CAPITAL IN RURAL AREAS IN THE CONDITIONS OF GLOBAL CHALLENGES

Author(s): Olexandr Demchenko,Nataliya Basiurkina,Nazariy Popadynets,Sofiia Minenko,Kateryna Sokoliuk / Language(s): English Issue: Sp. issue/2023

The development of rural areas is a complex and dynamic phenomenon, the effectiveness of which depends on food security and the economic activity of the population. The urgency of these issues is exacerbated by unprecedented challenges for Ukraine and the transformation of the legal field under martial law. The study aims to determine the factors and determinants of the development of human capital in rural areas in Ukraine, considering the experience of the EU countries in the conditions of global challenges. It is substantiated that the policy adopted in the state to ensure the development of rural areas based on the principles of inclusiveness should be based on balanced instruments, methods, and levers capable of minimizing external and internal threats to agribusiness. Essentially, people’s opportunities and abilities for economic and social activities, as well as for their own development, are critical. It has been proven that the determining factor in this process should be human capital. The motivation for economic activity in the village is singled out from personal factors. In its absence, all prerequisites for urbanization are formed. In this context, the upward dynamics of the indicator of the share of the urban population in the EU countries, which can become an obstacle to the development of business in rural areas, was analyzed and revealed. Attention is paid to the prospects of small businesses in rural areas. The relationship between the urbanization indicator and the human development index in Ukraine and the EU countries was studied.

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Motivational Asymmetry in the Prospective and Retrospective Mode of Value: Going from the Third Person Logic of the Non-Involved External Observer to the First-Person Ego-logic of the Motivated Actor Himself

Author(s): John B. Rijsman / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The paper compares two models of motivational asymmetry, one developed by Rijsman in his earlier work on social comparison (1970, 1974), and one developed by Kahneman and Tversky in their later work on prospect theory (1979). Although both models agree on motivational asymmetry, in the sense of “losses looming larger than gains”, they differ greatly in terms of the motivational value they assign to equality and to extreme outcomes, and differ also in terms of the temporal modality in which they are formulated. To better understand these differences, the first model was carefully reviewed in terms of its analytic construction and it’s application to behavioural economics, and contrasted with the second model, in which there was basically no conceptual analysis of motivational value, but intuitive transformation of the functional relation between outcomes and value on the normative balance itself. It was concluded that when we incorporate Self-involvement of the actor in our concept of prospective outcomes, as is automatically the case in the retrospective mode of value, we actually obtain the same type of motivational asymmetry as obtained for Self-involving outcomes in the past, as proposed in the first model. This was further elaborated in terms of the difference between the illusion of third-person logic (typical for models in normative economics), versus the first-person Ego-logic which is necessary to describe the actual decision making of the so called “motivated” actors themselves.

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Ekonomický růst a přírodní zdroje regionu

Author(s): Tomáš Volek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 1/2009

The main sources, for increasing the economic growth and the development of regions, are human resources, capital and natural resources. The main aim of this paper is to find out if using natural resources contributes to the economic growth and performance of a region. For determination of the relationship between the economic growth of a region and natural resources two indices were used. They were namely the share of branches which use natural resources for added values and for the employment rate. The monitored region is the Region of South Bohemia and the Czech Republic. Used data were taken from the years 1997-2006. According to the mentioned analysis it is possible to conclude that the importance of agriculture and forestry still declines and loses its values. The positive impact of tourism cannot compensate this decrease. A similar effect is in labour market. The same conclusion was made in the Region of South Bohemia and the Czech Republic as a whole.

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DOES HUMAN CAPITAL DEVELOPMENT MOTIVATE GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN ECOWAS SUB REGION? AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION

Author(s): Emmanuel Oloke,Surajdeen Tunde Ajagbe,Folake Olubunmi Lanre-Babalola,Ademola OLUKOYA,Timothy Ayomitunde Aderemi / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Empirical answer towards the research question whether human capital development motivates Gross Domestic Product in countries located within ECOWAS sub-region has been provided in this study after the data from fourteen countries between 1990 and 2020 have been subjected to the panel Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and a panel Granger Causality Test. These are the major submissions that emerged from the study; human capital development positively impacted Gross Domestic Product in one hand and human capital development Granger caused Gross Domestic Product in ECOWAS countries on the other hand. Therefore, the results from both the DOLS regression and the Pairwise Granger Causality Test established that human capital development significantly motivated Gross Domestic Product in ECOWAS sub-region. In the light of the above submission, this study recommends that whenever the ECOWAS sub-region wants to pursue a rise in Gross Domestic Product, the policymakers in this economic bloc should embark on human capital development oriented policy and programs, this will in turn stimulate Gross Domestic Product.

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