„Среброљубива или алчна за пари?“
или: За проблематиката при преведување поезија од македонски на германски
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или: За проблематиката при преведување поезија од македонски на германски
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Sample Translation From English Into Bulgarian
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Die oben erwähnten Anführungen zeigen eindeutig, dass die von der Übersetzungstheorie zu Unrecht vernachlässigten Phraseologien (und Sprachspiele), die Buchstaben und Buchstabennamen enthalten, in den geschriebenen und gesprochenen Texten und auch in der Übersetzungspraxis doch erstaunlich oft vorkommen und empirische Grenzen der Übersetzung darstellen. Diesem Faktum sollte die Übersetzungstheorie auch entsprechend Rechnung tragen. Auch hoffe ich, dass es mir gelungen ist zu zeigen, wie ungeahnt komplex, auch im Hinblick auf die Übersetzung, die Problematik um diese „cosa che comincia per elle” (=L) – um die Littera – ist.
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Training and Working in the Fields of Translation and Conference Interpreting. Pragmatic Considerations In the recent context of increasing internationalisation of all professional fields, the relations and interactions between persons speaking different languages and belonging to different cultures have changed considerably. As a result of these new and dynamic relations and interactions, specific training programmes as well as specific social and professional qualifications have appeared. One of the new academic training fields is the linguistic and cultural mediation through translation, conference interpreting and multilingual communication. Its curriculum is adapted to the needs of the market and aims at improving students’ knowledge of the history, civilisation, culture, and society of the respective countries, while at the same time familiarizing students with theories and concepts concerning communication and interculturality. All this is completed by an improvement of the students’ knowledge of the foreign languages they study and by an initiation to various fields of application of this knowledge. The fact that their curriculum comprises disciplines related to general linguistics, applied linguistics and various application fields is a great asset for Applied Modern Languages students. Moreover, the multilingual and multidisciplinary approach allows them to study foreign languages from the point of view of their interactions. A linguistic and cultural encounter ismore than just a clash between linguistic and cultural elements: it is the very proof that differences can be rewarding and profitable for all the partners involved in the cultural dialogue. Although translation and conference interpreting have so much in common, these two professions require different and very specific training programmes. The Applied Modern Languages departments respond to the growing needs of the market. The European Union and globalization provide jobs, but also foster competition. Here below we discuss the theoretical foundation of the current pragmatic developments in what concerns the linguistic and cultural mediation professions, the reasons for choosing these professions and their specificities, the prospects of the graduates, the responsibilities of universities, the importance of experience and background knowledge for translators and conference interpreters, and quality assurance.
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In the wider frame of a reflection upon the translatability of plays on language, the concrete poetry – and we have deliberately chosen Guillaume Apollinaire’s famous Calligrammes – raises major problems for the translator as it is double in nature: both text and image. Is the mix of the two codes – the linguistic and the visual – easily translated through a word forword method? In this paper, we aim at a closer look to the textual mechanisms within the concrete or visual poems and propose to the translator, as a tool, the identification of the language functions that such a poem fulfils. What at a first glance might have seemed obvious for the simple visual poems, turns out to be a complex process, requiring all the knowledge of a literary translator, in the case of hybrid poems wherein either the concrete verse are inserted in a longer sequence of habitual verse, or the play is on the different object of reference of the picture and of the words in the visual poem.
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The cooking seminar is a didactic activity which aims at linking functional and pragmatic aspects of language, thus obeying the didactic norms of forming future translators. The description of the three steps of the seminar and of its didactic objectives emphasizes the different curricular approach and the development of competencies and abilities in the training evolution process.
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In the present article we point out the importance of the text in audiovisual translation. We assert that for the translator, the essential dimension of a movie is the script, a very important component of an audiovisual product, generally disregarded in the process of translation. We illustrate the importance of the text/script in the process of audiovisual translation with examples from a funsubs corpus. The Harry Potter movies and scripts are also a component of our corpus. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that many errors in screen translation can be avoided if the main element is the script and not the movie.
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Turkey and Bulgaria became neighbors with each other for many years and they are two countries with common history. There is a need for a thorough investigation of the literary world of these two countries which have cultural, political and literary characteristics. Undoubtedly, it will be more accurate to do research on the novel which is the most translated genre during this period. In the years mentioned, selected and translated novels were evaluated. Between these years, the number of translated novels has been determined, and the subject and genre has been examined. In this research, the traces of Turkish literature in Bulgaria have been extensively researched and revealed with chronological data.
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Audiovisual translation has recently established itself within the field of Translation Studies, due to the implications of adapting a movie or TV series for an audience located in a different linguacultural context. Sociocultural and linguistic interferences may hinder the comprehension and successful fruition of the product by the target audience. As a consequence, translators often have to operate choices to work within the constraints laid by the need to familiarize the viewers with the original product. The Woody Allen movie to Rome with Love is an especially relevant example of script adaptation as it is set in the Italian capital, which implicates a strong connection with the sociocultural context of the location. Adaptation of the movie into Italian, therefore, occurs on two different, intertwining levels. On the one hand, translators have to remain faithful to the original script, and on the other, they are supposed to give a target-oriented translation that might not correspond with the representation of the country provided by the screenwriters. In this paper, we will present a comparative analysis of the English and Italian scripts aimed at identifying the strategies adopted to minimize Anglo-American interferences in the target product.
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A Passage to India, the last novel British author E. M. Forster published during his lifetime, appeared in 1924. Almost fifty years later, in 1981, it was translated and published in Spain by Alianza Editorial. This translation has been reissued several times over the years by its original publisher, and in this paper I analyse the different paratexts that have been used to frame it.
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Studies of receptive multilingualism (RM) in the Finno-Ugric language context have mainly dealt with Estonian and Finnish and their mutual comprehension. The comprehension between Finnish and Karelian has been studied very rarely but Alekseeva (2016) shows that even North Karelian, the variety closest to Finnish, is not always easy to comprehend for Finns. This article examines how Finns translate into Finnish a text written in Olonets Karelian. Finnish and Olonets Karelian share a lot of vocabulary and morphosyntactic features but Olonets Karelian also has words that do not have a counterpart (often of Russian or Veps origin). In the test, first year students of Finnish linguistics were asked to translate a news text into Finnish. Furthermore, in order to shed light on the problematic areas of translation, an applied version of think-aloud protocol was used: the students were asked to write and describe their translation process and the way they arrived at a particular translation equivalent. The strategies used in translation were similar to what has been shown in earlier RM research on Finno-Ugric languages. Comprehension is most facilitated by the similarity between cognate words, and the similarities in infection, derivation, compounding and syntactic structures also help in inferring the content of the text. In addition, comprehension is supported by the ability to utilize general world knowledge, context, metalinguistic knowledge and knowledge of the variation of Finnish.
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Following the Second Vatican Council the Roman Catholic liturgy has undergone significant changes. One of them is the shift towards the vernacular as the language of liturgy. First of all, the post-conciliar liturgical reform resulted in a considerable reduction in liturgical texts. Secondly, the shift towards the vernacular entailed further changes, including substantial departure of some translations (e.g. English or German) from the original Latin text of the socalled editio typica of Paul VI’s Missal. This paper is concerned with the differences between the two English translations of the postconciliar Roman Missal (1969/1970), i.e. the 1973 version and the currently used 2010 translation. The analysis has a preliminary character as it deals with selected parts of the Roman Missal in English. The paper focuses on the major differences at the levels of lexis and grammatical structure and it seeks to demonstrate how two radically opposing approaches to the translation of the language of worship contribute to the emergence of texts that significantly differ in their content, style and emphasis.
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It is assumed in the linguistic worldview conception that a language’s grammatical structure can accentuate certain aspects of semantic content and thus contribute to the emergence of a specific, often unique and untranslatable worldview. A grammatical category of this kind is the neuter gender in German: its frequent use stems from the lack of gender endings on verbs, as well as from the fact that diminutives (ending in -chen or -lein) are neuter (hence the surprising neuter gender of das Mädchen). Especially important in this respect is the pronoun es, which not only replaces nouns in neuter but performs many other crucial grammatical functions. It is therefore not accidental that Siegmund Freud chose das Es for his category of ‘childness’ (translated erroneously as id into English and from there into Polish).The productivity and frequency of the use of the neuter gender obviously leaves its trace. In literature, the category serves not only to express ‘childness’ but also neutrality/universality, which is illustrated here with examples from the Grimm brothers’ tales, Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffman’s, and contemporary children’s literature (Paul Maar). Next, it is considered what happens to the neuter in Polish translation and whether the necessary reductions are only due to linguistic untranslatability and the “terror of Polish”, or whether they may point to a subconscious (perhaps even a conscious) rejection of that category and a projection of a dichotomous male/female world.Based on this grammatical phenomenon, it is shown how elements of language are manifested in literature and whether they can act as a cultural barrier in the translation process.
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Lawyer linguists’ field of expertise is interdisciplinary per se, given that it includes both law and translation. This paper is looking beyond this expected interdisciplinarity in order to show which other fields can be part of a lawyer linguist’s work; thus, terminology, logic, legal argumentation, traductology, comparative law, computer science, critical discourse analysis, linguistics and sociolinguistics are analyzed in this respect.
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This paper aims at presenting the legal frame for the multilingualism in Europe, the reasons behind the European Union’s policy on multilingualism and the most important measures and acts in this field. The effects of the ‘multicentric language policy’ include measures to improve citizens’ language skills at the level of member states and at central level to ensure the functionality of the EU institutions and bodies by employing translators, interpreters and lawyer-linguists. An indirect effect from a linguistic point of view would be the development of the European legal style, which could be observed also at the level of each individual official language, corresponding to the development of the member states’ legal systems under the influence of EU law.
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Cameroun is the only country with a complex legal and cultural profile within the Organization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA), given its two sub-legal systems inherited from France and Great Britain. As a member of OHADA, the Cameroonian State provided the Anglophone area a translated version of the Uniform Acts inspired by Continental law. However, this Anglophone sub-legal system is governed by the common law, a legal system that is totally unknown from the perspective of the legal paradigm of the Organization. The strike of Anglophone lawyers in 2016 raised awareness on this legal dichotomy and revived the issue of the relationship between term and concept, on one hand, meaning and context on the other hand. This article aims to assess the terminological, conceptual and stylistic inconsistencies found in the translation of the OHADA Uniform Acts, through the concept-to-term and semasiologic approaches. Based on an eclectic theoretical framework, this article is based on the Relativist theory, the Theory of Action and the Interpretative approach in Intercultural communication. The bilingual corpus of this work is made up of the French version of the OHADA Uniform Acts and its English translation submitted to the Anglophone Bar. It clearly appears that the effectiveness of exchanges between the two sub-legal systems can be threatened by the ontological foundations of each system and that the appropriateness of dynamic equivalence should be measured considering the intercultural and legal competence of the translator.
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Starting from Jackson’s belief that “rules are themselves meaningful as socially-constructed narratives” , this paper sets out to explore the projections of figurative intarsia onto the legal language of IP; thus, another text comes to life, versatile and precise enough to explain “complex or abstract ideas” (Berger 2002: 34). Concerned with the “creations of the mind, inventions, literary and artistic works” (WIPO), the legal language of intellectual property opens its complex and cryptic discourse to metaphorical constructions, mostly “ontological” (Lakoff & Johnson 1980: 25), but not only, that pour in its semantic vessels a “precious lifeblood” (Milton). We intend to explore the narrative of intellectual property discourse through the lens of allegorical constructions and travel from John Locke’s “sweat of the brow” doctrine to Daniel Defoe’s description of the author’s rights to artistic ownership “as the Author’s Property, ʼtis the Child of his Inventions, the Brat of his Brain” (Review 1710), to the Berne Convention of 1886 as well as to other legal texts in search of that rich intertextuality that lends itself to inquisitive perusal.
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The present paper includes a brief Romanian-Norwegian / Norwegian-Romanian dictionary, with basic legal terms (the Bokmål variant of the Norwegian language) and aims to be a useful tool for Romanian translators and interpreters of Norwegian and Norwegian translators and interpreters of Romanian, given the lack of specialized dictionaries between Norwegian and Romanian, including those in the legal field. In addition to translators and interpreters, this material may also be useful to students interested in the legal field, Romanians residing in Norway or Norwegians residing in Romania, as well as other people working in this field.
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