CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Normatywność jako podstawa ładu społeczno-politycznego

Author(s): Kazimierz Brożek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2015

The author intends to attract readers’ attention to the key questions regarding normativity as the foundation which shapes social and political relations. The paper may also trigger the discussion on the essence of the role of normativity in shaping such relations. The topic was discussed in a concise and clear manner to better outline the normativity impact in the following areas: legal order and its validation, normativity and public policy, normativity and the policy of law, normativity and the relation between legal and moral norms, normativity and norm binding force, threats to norms (destruction of normativity), normativity and law prestige and authority. Moreover, the paper discusses theoretical developments as today’s alternative solutions, already applied in the area of law.

More...

Niewidzialny nadzór - architektura w służbie ładu i porządku

Author(s): Błażej Borsuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2015

In modern philosophy some voices assert a growing tendency of traditional, crystallized structures becoming more and more deliquescent, and of their properties and tasks being transferred to formerly subjugated smaller structures. Similar assumptions can be found in works of constructivists (Jean Baudrillard) and of post-modern thinkers (Zygmunt Bauman, Umberto Eco): they talk about a diluted role of information makers in the information-based civilization. These democratizing (?), emancipatory (?), participative (?) trends are equally noticeable in other areas of social life, and help, among all, maintain law and legal order. In this paper we endeavor to prove that the supervision function is shifted from outside the group to a well-thought-out architectural solution which forces users to take care of the law and order in their surrounding space.

More...

Homogamia małżeńska jako rodzaj nieformalnej kontroli społecznej, służącej reprodukcji panującego ładu społecznego

Author(s): Magdalena Żurawska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2015

The paper attempts at seizing the social dynamic behind marital selection. We discuss factors which affect marital selection, with a specific focus on the structural theoretical perspective. These theories assert that through the process of socialization into the life in society, the individual would acquire some defined capitals: social, economic or cultural. In a strictly estate-based society, the succession of these resources implied the reproduction and recreation of social divides. In open societies, the mobility of individuals should be higher and relational inequalities less important. Based on the analysis of data from the European Social Survey, 2002-2003 and 2004-2005, we outline the features of marital homogamy in Poland against such factors as educational background or professional career.

More...

Motywacja przestrzegania prawa

Author(s): Jerzy Kwaśniewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2015

The paper is a reprint of the author’s chapter on social determinants of legal compliance, from the book by A. Podgórecki, J. Kurczewski, J. Kwaśniewski, M. Łoś: „Poglądy społeczeństwa polskiego na moralność i prawo” [Views of Polish Society on Morality and Law], Warsaw KiW, 1971. The chapter presents findings from the research conducted in 1968 on motivations to comply with the traffic code regulations, and namely the ban to cross the street at a red light. The compliance with traffic code regulations was measured with survey questions and with observations of pedestrians’ behavior at road crossings, at a red light. The research enabled to distinguish several motivations to comply with law, and to describe their demographic, social and personality determinants.

More...

Organizacyjna wiedza o psychospołecznych zagrożeniach bezpieczeństwa pracy w zarządzaniu ryzykiem zawodowym

Author(s): Janusz Ziarko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2016

The article presents a research concept of psycho-social situations that threaten the safety of employees of a company in terms of occupational risk management. These situations are characterized in the context of their causes and effects. An occupational risk management project is presented and attention is focused on the risk analysis in the context of psycho-social situations endangering work safety.

More...

Rules of Conduct and Ethic in Dimitrie Cantemir's Work and their Evolution

Author(s): Elena Paraschiv,Ramona Paraschiv / Language(s): English Issue: SUPPL./2012

The notion of Dimitrie Cantemir’s world has known along the scholar’s life an evolution towards an emphasis on secular and rationalistic tendencies. His early works, while paying a tribute to theology and scholasticism, confess the contact between their author and Renaissance science and philosophy and Aristotelian rationalism.

More...

Outsiderzy wśród barbarzyńców. Studium z zakresu etyki społecznej

Author(s): Anna Frątczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2007

The notions of „barbarian” and „barbarity” seem to have abandoned the mainstream social sciences and contemporary political thought; The author attempts to signalise that the category is still vivid and plays an essential role in the debate on cultural threats, though, it has taken new forms. A. Maclntyre objects to the idea that a person can be abstracted from his cultural context: every person is one of the bearers of the tradition. The new„internal” (as opposed to „external”) barbarian seems to be a figure with no references to the past and present tradition, and thus not interested in contextual practices of the community. An outsider, a benevolent fugitive from the commercial market society, may be, in this context, the only bearer of the tradition and thus the only figurę who can effectively prevent the disintegration of underclass communities. To support the argument the authors refers to the activity of a certain local association.

More...

TAJNA WSPÓŁPRACA ZE SŁUŻBĄ BEZPIECZEŃSTWA: SZKIC TEORETYCZNY

Author(s): Daniel Wicenty / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2024

a study on secret collaboration with the Polish communist Secret Service is presented here and analysed in reference to theoretical modelling. I propose a definition of the collaboration, which is based on three categories (hiding actions, betrayal, and asymmetrical relations), and a relational understanding of secrecy and theoretical perspective rooted mainly in the microsociology of Georg Simmel’s secrecy in dyads and triads, Randall Collins’ interaction ritual and Erving Goffman’s strategic interaction. I also develop theses that identify the tensions arising from the creation of a false closeness and the generation of emotional energy, together with the development of an advantage in the relationship between the undercover collaborator and the SB officer.Fields in which the game of dominance take place are described in detail: the cognitive field, the emotional field, and those relating to power and structural holes. Some exemplary situations of failed secret collaboration are considered and some general typological proposals concerning informants are also suggested.

More...

Postawy młodzieży szkolnej wobec homoseksualizmu i adopcji dzieci przez pary homoseksualne

Author(s): Janusz Mariański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2024

In our considerations, we address two issues in the social narrative: homosexuality and adoption of children by homosexual couples. The basis for these diagnoses are the results of nationwide surveys and sociological research carried out in the two decades of the 21st century. Especially in the second decade of the 21st century, the views of school youth on bioethical issues were subject to progressive liberalization (secularization of morality). In nationwide research at the turn of 2022–2023, conducted among secondary school students, it was found that homosexual relationships were rated as permissible by 50.7% of the surveyed school youth, “it depends” – 12.0%, unacceptable – 24.4%, hard to say – 12.9%; adoption of children by homosexual couples (respectively) – 41.0%, 17.6%, 29.9%, 11.5%.

More...

KATEGORIA AFORDANCJI A PROBLEM RELACJI STRUKTURY I SPRAWSTWA

Author(s): Mateusz Tofilski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This article examines the use of the category of affordances in sociological concepts addressing the relationship between social structure and individual agency. It focuses on two sociological concepts that attempt to capture this relationship in a coherent theoretical approach and without falling into social determinism and excessive individua- lism. These are critical realism and Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of habitus. This paper argues that the category of affordances is a useful tool for describing the relationship between the subject and the environment, allowing one to focus on material factors in the study of social structures, while recognizing the active role of the subject in their co-creation. Particularly promising here is the integration of affordances into the concept of distributed cognition, used in sociology to study sociotechnical structures.

More...

PANOPTIKON – VIDLJIVA I NEPROVJERLJIVA MOĆ

Author(s): Senad Arnaut / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2024

Jeremy Bentham presents the panopticon as a special institution, tightly closed in itself, presenting it as a utopian model of perfect imprisonment, a cruel and expertly made cage, which is polyvalent in its application, serves to punish prisoners, treat the sick, teach students, guard the insane, supervising workers, forcing beggars and idlers to work. Its effectiveness in distributing the power of control is made possible by no other tool than that of architecture and geometry, acting directly on individuals, giving spirit power over spirit. The structure of the panopticon provides the supervisor with constant visibility along the axis of the ring, and neutralizes the danger of inmates' rebellion, escape attempts, bad mutual influence, fear of mutual violence in the case of lunatics, and no cheating on exams, arguments, or noise in the case of students. From there, it is not necessary to constantly monitor the detainee, the effect of the panopticon consists in the fact that the detainee knows that he can be the subject of someone's observation at any moment. Therefore, Bentham established the principle that power must be visible and unverifiable.

More...

Profilaktyka samobójstw jako wyraz afirmacji życia

Author(s): Adam Czabański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2(34)/2023

The subject of the research is the phenomenon of suicide prevention in Poland. The aim of the work is to show that suicide prevention is an expression of the affirmation of life. The research included an analysis of available scientific literature describing new forms of prevention of suicidal behavior representing a life-affirming attitude. The analyzed scientific publications prove that the affirmation of life is a basic property of people and institutions operating in the suicide prevention system. Developing an attitude of affirmation of life contributes to increasing the effectiveness of various forms of suicide prevention.

More...

Wzór zachowania matki – transgresja i transmisja pokoleniowa wzorów w doświadczeniach biograficznych byłych wychowanek placówek resocjalizacyjnych

Author(s): Agnieszka Jaros / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The article describes the patterns of maternal behavior and the processes which these patterns underwent in subsequent generations from the perspective of former female residents of juvenile rehabilitation centers. These women successfully completed the rehabilitation process. The theoretical analysis was based on the theory of symbolic violence by Pierre Bourdieu and Jean-Claude Passeron, and the concept of the transgressive person by Józef Kozielecki. The main research problem was presented in the following question: What kind of pattern of maternal behavior was formed in former pupils of rehabilitation centers in their family of origin, and what processes did it undergo in the next generation, from the perspective of their individual biographical experiences? The study used the biographical method, while the technique of data collection were autobiographical narrative interviews. Based on the analysis of the material obtained, patterns of maternal behavior were identified for which the welfare of the child was or was not important. In the next step, the processes to which these patterns were subjected in the nuclear family were analyzed. The main conclusion drawn from the study is that behavioral patterns in which the child’s welfare is important, as acquired in the family of origin, and later learned and internalized, are reproduced in nuclear families (these patterns are also subject to dispersion). However, the pattern of maternal behavior uninterested in the child’s welfare, as deviating from the social standards, norms and perceptions of the general population is rejected and, as a result of transgression, triggers behaviors opposite to the original pattern.

More...

Freedom and Fundamental Option

Author(s): Adrian J. Reimers / Language(s): English Issue: 1 (35)/2024

The theory of “fundamental option” or “fundamental freedom” constitutes an important theme in contemporary moral theology, a theme criticized in John Paul II’s encyclical Veritatis Splendor. Under this theory, it is almost impossible for a person to commit a mortal sin, that is, a sin that turns the agent against God and deprives him of sanctifying grace. This central conception governing this theory is that such a sin must involve an ex-press turning of one’s entire self (or will) away from God. However, within the limitations of space and time and the ﬁnitude of human nature, such a complete turning against God is difﬁ cult to conceive. This paper argues that the issue of sin is misconceived and that the philosophical premise of a fundamental disposition of one’s freedom is not tenable. Sin is a theological category and must be grasped in theological terms. The paper turns to Pope Saint John Paul II’s Encyclical Dominum et Viviﬁ cantem, which proposes that sin is revealed by and properly understood in terms of the cruciﬁ xion of Christ. The paper concludes with some reﬂections on those who were directly involved in the cruciﬁxion.

More...

OD BYCIA UMIEJSCOWIONYM DO UTRATY WŁASNEGO MIEJSCA W ŚWIECIE STUDIUM PRZYPADKU

Author(s): Łukasz Kutyło / Language(s): Polish Issue: 91/2024

The subject of attention in the article is the problem related to: having, seekingand/or losing one’s place in the world. There are many indications that it is gaining importancetoday, perhaps due to the trans-formations accompanying postmodernity. To better understand thisphenomenon, the article presents the results of a case study of a man who is now middle-aged. Inconsidering his situation, however, the focus was on the earlier stages of his life: from his childhoodthrough his teenage years and into early adulthood, in which he experienced existential homeless-ness. His case analysis focused on his experiences during these different stages of his life and how he tried to address them. Biographical sociology and phenomenological sociology were sources ofinspiration for the analysis.

More...

Usability of Mobile Control Room and CCTV Systems for Crowd Control at Large-Scale Events with the Occurrence of a Large Number of People With Focus on the Czech Republic

Author(s): Otomar Sláma,Martin Hrinko / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2024

This article deals with the issue of the use of modern instruments for crowd control, in particular the use of a mobile closed-circuit television system connected directly to the control room during largescale events. The article has two aims: to check the usability of this type of system especially from the perspective of increasing the safety of event visitors, and to identify the optimal technical solution for crowd monitoring and management and possible obstacles for deployment in the field. The article further focuses on the practical usability of the information obtained through the mobile camera system and the control centre for increasing the safety of event visitors from the perspective of security managers. The conducted investigation identified obstacles to the deployment of a mobile camera system as well as described the optimal parameters for the use of a mobile camera system, and it collected feedback from the security team participating in the security management of the event. The results of the contribution enable easier orientation in the selection of suitable hardware and software for crowd control; Key vulnerabilities in deploying mobile CCTV systems were identified, including issues such as data transmission stability over LTE networks and the financial costs of alternative solutions like satellite connections. Based on field testing and feedback from security teams, recommendations were made to improve the system’s effectiveness and adaptability, leading to more precise decision-making and proactive risk management at large-scale events.

More...

SUJET DU DÉSIR/ SUJET DU FÉMINISME. NOTES SUR LA DIVISION DU SUJET DE #METOO

Author(s): Anne Emmanuelle Berger / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2024

#MeToo hails the comeback of the decried “subject of feminism”: if not women as unified subjects, at least women subjects united across class, race, and even sexual orientation dividing lines, through the common experience of sexual violence at the hands of men. It warns us, then, it seems, against taking too quick a break from feminism. The outcry, and its repeated occasions, sound like a vindication of Catharine Mackinnon’s understanding of sexuality as a universal apparatus of male domination. Yet, a closer look at some of the scenes leading up to the drama that now goes by this name, complicates the matter at stake. Domination and seduction may overlap where sexuality is concerned, causing the subject of desire and the “subject of feminism” to split, but they needn’t coincide. A new theory – and practice – of seduction may be called for in order to bridge the gap between the two “subjects”.

More...

TROUBLER LE PROTOCOLE DE DÉPUCELAGE : DÉSIR, SUBJECTIVITÉ SEXUELLE ET AUTISME DANS MON PÈRE M’A DONNÉ UN MARI DE EMMANUELLE BAYAMACK-TAM

Author(s): Eftihia Mihelakis / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2024

This paper investigates the under-examined play, Mon père m’a donné un mari, written by French au-thor Emmanuelle Bayamack-Tam. The play centres around sixteen-year-old Alexandrine who is identi-fied as Asperger and who masturbates in front of her parents. We argue that by focusing on an epistemicframework intersecting literary studies with Mad/SickGirl Studies, we can explain how Alexandrine’sparents confine her in what we call a “heteronormative corset”, a parentally-informed virginity lossprotocol which is entwined with ableist and adult-centric stereotypes. We then address the unravel-ling of this protocol by insisting that at the core of Alexandrine’s “sick/mad language” there is a queersexual subjectivity that troubles this protocol of virginity loss as the single-most defining experiencemarking the end of girlhood.

More...

ROMPRE LE CONTRAT HÉTÉROSEXUEL, CONSENTIR À D’AUTRES IMAGINAIRES DU DÉSIR ?

Author(s): Flavia Bujor / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2024

Wendy Delorme’s Viendra le temps du feu and Phœbe Hadjimarkos Clarke’s Tabor, two French poly-phonic dystopian novels published in 2021, can be construed as attempts to break free from a socialcontract that is essentially a heterosexual contract (Wittig), so as to usher in a utopian communitywhere the dynamics of desire is redefined. As the reader is challenged to consent to these alternativeimaginary worlds on a narrative as well as on a metaliterary level, both novels end up questioning thevery desire for fiction as a source of empowerment.

More...

Decontextualizing a Ban on Begging: A Multimodal Critical Analysis of Media and Political Discourse in Sweden

Author(s): Petre Breazu / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2022

This article examines the representation of Romani migrants in the context of the 2016 debates to ban begging in Sweden, highlighting the ways in which media and political discourse misrepresented, simplified, or omitted the complexities surrounding this controversial policy. Drawing on Multimodal Critical Discourse Analysis (MCDA) of media reports from two leading Swedish newspapers, this article reveals that media and political discourse often decontextualize the ban by employing three key strategies: (1) generalization and polarization, (2) victimizing the general public, and (3) concealing the historical and global context of marginalization and poverty. By portraying begging as an undignified and harmful practice, media and political discourse deflect attention away from the systemic inequalities and socio-economic conditions that lead to begging. This article argues that this decontextualization serves to legitimize and reinforce the ban on begging, creating a self-perpetuating cycle that obstructs meaningful dialogue and prevents the implementation of more effective and compassionate policy solutions that address the root causes of begging in Sweden.

More...