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Speech accidents can also be evaluated by some psychological constraints as some of the interfering effects of the producing some sounds may cause slip of tongue in the coding-encoding process. Such an error is the result of the transposing of initial sounds of two words; what's more, spoonerism as a linguistic deviation refers to the speech errors of L2 learners while it can also be related to the ones of native speakers. Especially errors in the verbal production of the L2 learners stem from some slips of tongue, which hinder the intended message as a result of some psychological conditions, and sometimes they may convey unintended humorous meaning codes. Spoonerisms of the L2 learners are tried to be explained by a psycholinguistics perspective. In this context, the linguistic conditions that sanction the slips of tongue will be explained through cognitive processes.
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In 2017 in Karlovo several scientific forums were held dedicated to the 180th anniversary of the birth of Vasil Levski. The participants in each of them have contributed to the ever fuller clarification of the life and ideas of Vasil Levski, his followers and adherents. Participants in the conferences and seminars were both scientists and lecturers from the country and abroad, as well as museum specialists, university students, and PhD students. The 80th anniversary of the museum of the Apostle in his hometown was marked by a first-ever review of documentaries about Vasil Levski.
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The review presents the monograph by Marta Szymańska entitled „Between the language teaching and language education. The concepts of language education at the turn of the 20th and 21st century”. The author of the monograph presents the development of the concepts in the education of Polish language in order to present her own paradigm at the end. In this new concept Szymańska does not reject the attainment of the predecessors, but she outlines an innovative, anthropocentric proposal combining selected components of earlier concepts and elements belonging to other disciplines.
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The aim of the review article is to present and discuss the work by H. Wiśniewska „Around Polish education at school. Theory and practice”, edited by M. Karwatowska and L. Tymiakin. The presentation of the composition of the volume and the scope of the referenced content has become the basis for distinguishing the areas that complement and organize the current state of research related to broadly understood education, language education and linguistic competence of students. The presentation of the outline of the issues undertaken by the author also allows us to realize that Polish language education is multi‑disciplinary in terms of linguistics and culture.
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Having lost its independence in the eighteenth century, Poland sought to preserve its national identity by cherishing Polish history and culture, among other things, through teaching and popularising songs in the mother tongue. They reflected the history of the Polish nation, bore patriotic values, and expressed religious feelings. When after a short period of Poland's independence it again fought with the invader, the song accompanying soldiers and civilians in the fronts of the Second World War helped them manifest their longing for the country and hope for independence. In military camps and schools amateur choirs were established, and some of them, like the Choir of the Polish Army formed in Scotland in 1940, have earned their place in the history of Polish choirs abroad.In view of the political situation in the country after war activities had ended the Polish emigration in the British Isles was forced to organise national social and cultural life anew. The ideas of independence were carried out by, among other things, Polish choirs. Since 1955 they had been associated in the Alliance of Polish Choirs in Great Britain.Aside to the activity of the Choir of the Polish Army (from 1949 on the Frederick Chopin Choir) new choirs were established: the Karol Szymanowski Academic Choir, the Abp Jan Cieplak Choir, the Feliks Nowowiejski Choir, St. Andrzej Bobola's Church Choir, the Tadeusz Kościuszko Choir of the School of Homeland Subjects, the Male Carol Singers Choir, the Choir of the School of Younger Volunteers, the Laudes Choir and others. The willingness to collaborate on a closer basis resulted in the establishment of the Association of Polish Choirs in London in 1976. Thus united choirs organised, among other things, concerts of carols and jubilee concerts, took part in meetings with John Paul II in 1982 at Crystal Palace.Each choir retained its specific character composed of the following: its milieu, artistic level, repertoire, and musical preferences of the director. The choirs participated in religious and patriotic events, organised games and charitable lotteries, supported charitable actions, organised common trips and integrative meetings. The repertoire of the choirs and artistic activity of eminent animators of choir life abroad call for a detailed analysis (e.g. J. Kołaczkowski, Z. Gedel, and H. Hosowicz).The traditions of performance in Polish choirs in London had been worked out for years. They were not always continued in further and renewed compositions. The majority of the post-war choirs ended their activity in the 1990s. Polish vocal and vocal-instrumental groups (both religious and lay) that are established at the moment in London model their style of performance and repertoire, above all, on the musical life in Poland.
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Rogers Brubaker is one of the most influential thinkers in the field of minority and ethnic studies of our time. His article entitled The ‘Diaspora’ Diaspora has been cited many times since its first publication in 2005. Twelve years later Claire Alexander revisited it with a critical eye, to which Brubaker immediately responded by again examining his starting points in the definition of diaspora. Both the critique and the response came out in the last issue for the year 2017 of the journal Ethnic and Racial Studies. In this paper I provide a review of their discussion with the aim of contributing to future debates about the theoretical and methodological questions of diaspora studies.
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The text constitutes the review of the book The Politics of Small Things: The Power of the Powerless in Dark Times, written by Jeffrey C. Goldfarb. The author of the review reconstructs the understanding of the politics of small things, trying to answer such questions as: whether the theoretical Goldfarb’s ideas are able to meet the current challenges, if they can be useful in the emancipatory struggle (also in the area of education), or perhaps they block it and retard?
More...wyboru dokonał i wstępem opatrzył Mariusz Korejwo, Archiwum Państwowe w Olsztynie, Olsztyn 2016, ss. 343
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Both society as a whole and each of its members have to be prepared for the changes caused by continuous evolvement of knowledge. Alongside with the traditional forms of education, distance education represents the chance people of all ages have to learn in order to have a better chance to adapt to the ever-changing society.
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Juan Domingo Perón remains one of the most important figures of Argentine´s history of the XX century. A former army colonel, Peron was elected 3 times as president of the republic through popular vote in 1946, 1951 and 1973. He did not come to power through a coup d´état, as usually happened with army generals in the Latin-American countries at that time. He was the founder of the Labour Party and of the peronist movement and together with his wife Eva Duarte introduced a series of revolutionary reforms aiming at improving the living standards of the workers, thus becoming soon a national myth. Nowadays, the peronist Partido Justicialista is in a deep crisis, but it still remains one of the main Argentinian political forces.
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We consider that a milestone of the economic thought is represented in the modern era by John Maynard Keynes. His "revolution" in the theory and practice of Economics has influenced decisively the capitalist economy for four decades of stability and prosperity, until the oil shocks from the 8th decade of the 20th century. Our intention is to link Keynes’ Theory of Income with the Happiness Economics in the world of today. to see and understand if the Keynesian theory and practice is still valid, both at macroeconomic level and, mainly, at the individual and household level. A general remark following the day-by-day life, the statistic data regarding the consumption, the economic good sense, is that people spend the money they get, but not all of it. If the particular intention is to get the right position (status), to reach happiness, or stability at the national economy level, it is needed the existence of Savings to ensure future investments and necessary purchases. The answer to the question is positive, both micro and macro level (the latter being an aggregate of the first one), taken into account the specific requirements and conditionalities of the analyzed law.
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