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What We Know about the Child Tax Bonus in the Czech Republic and What We Would Like to Know

Author(s): Jana Godarová,Robert Jahoda / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Families with children are traditionally the target group of the social system in developed countries. This paper deals with regular financial support, which maybe the household entitled to in the Czech Republic, specifically the child tax bonus (hereinafter "CTB"). Changing the Act on income taxes, since 2007 the child tax allowance has been replaced by the refundable child tax credit in the Czech Republic. This may take the form of the non-refundable part of the tax credit, followed by the child tax bonus. While other elements of the welfare system for families have been already analysed, “CTB” is still unexplored.

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Budget Transparency and Fiscal Performance: Does Transparency Matter?

Author(s): Jakub Haas,Lucie SEDMIHRADSKÁ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Existing published research of the relationship between budget transparency and fiscal performance confirms the expectations that higher budget transparency is associated with smaller budget deficits and lower public debt. However, our previous research did not bring such clear results and raised a fundamental question: Why should greater transparency improve fiscal performance? The objective of the proposed paper is to evaluate the relationship between budget transparency and fiscal performance.

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Variability of VAT Rates

Author(s): Tereza ŠINKYŘÍKOVÁ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Value added tax is harmonized; tax collection mechanism, tax base, the functioning principle, tax rates issues, everything is regulated by Directives, issued by the European Commission, where the most relevant is the Directive 2006/112/ES which regulates minimum rates, not rate brackets, so the differences in tax rates between Member States still persist.

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New Conditions of Municipal Financial Management

Author(s): Petr TOMÁNEK / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Within the frame of municipal financial management in the Czech Republic, there has been perceived an issue of sharing taxes by municipalities for a long time. There are significant differences in tax revenues between small and large municipalities. These differences should be reduced by the oncoming change of the Act on Budgetary Allocation of Taxes. The prepared change of rules and criteria of tax assignment creates new conditions of municipal financial management. These are not only expressed by the new rules but it is also necessary to monitor the wider context of proposed changes which can be presented, for example, by the change of structure of municipal revenues etc.

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Effect of Changes in Taxes and Benefits on Redistribution in the Czech Republic

Author(s): Jan Pavel,Leoš Vitek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Czech Republic has over the past decade carried out two waves of tax and benefit reforms. The first one took place in 2005–2006 during the left-wing government and the second one has been carried out in 2008 by the right-wing government. Using EU-SILC data for selected types of households, the paper assesses changes in the distribution of gross incomes and effects of the changes in taxes and benefits on the distribution of incomes after taxes and a provision of social benefits. The analysis is performed using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficients. The results show that the tax system changes the distribution of incomes significantly less than benefit systems.

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Public and Private Pensions: A Competitive Approach

Author(s): Jaroslav Vostatek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The paper concentrates on the first, second and third pension pillars according to the World Bank classification – in these pillars there are products which may compete in the effectiveness. No attention is paid to the zero, solidarity pillar. The neoliberal approaches justified in the first period the full privatization of public pensions beyond the solidarity pillar and later the transition to a half privatization under the catchword of diversification. The neoliberal theory has lead to a development of the NDC and FDC social insurance products, which are, as for the effects for clients, directly comparableto the private FDC products. Under comparable conditions the basic and supplementary social insurances are more favourable than mandatory private insurance and subsidized voluntary private insurance.

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Application of Wagner’s Reframing of the „Social Origins“ Theory in the Czech Republic

Author(s): Zuzana Prouzová,Vladimír Hyánek / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

If we look for an alternative to the Salamon-Anheier Social Origins Theory, for methodology we find it in the article by Wagner (2000), Reframing „Social Origins“ Theory: The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Wagner introduces an alternative concept based on a historical and institutional analysis of intersectoral dynamics and structural changes. Wagner tries to reformulate social origins theory in such a way that its shortcomings are eliminated; mainly its a historical character and the lack of respect for changes, which take place in the public space. He introduces a new variable, the so-called elasticity of institutional change, that is the relation between percentage change of non-profit providers and government providers.

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What a Patient Must, Can and Wants to Have: Demand for Health Care and its Economic Consequences

Author(s): Jan Mertl / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of this paper is to show three different approaches to health care provision based on different position of the patient in the system – or to be more precise, different incentives for health care provision. It tries to justify, that there is not a single type of demand for health care, but looking close at the demand, we can identify three subtypes of it, based on objective need evaluation and subjective decision.

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Financing of Culture in the Czech Republic, Slovak Republic and Poland

Author(s): Jitka NOVÁKOVÁ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper is focused on the issue of financing culture in the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Poland. In the first part there are defined potential sources of culture financing. In the second part the analysis and the comparison of the chosen source of financing in the specified countries was made. The aim of this paper is to make ananalysis of the chosen source of culture financing in the Czech Republic, the Slovak Republic and Poland. Following methods were used for the solution – analysis, abstraction and comparison.

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Transparency of Allocation of Public Grants for Czech Sport Organizations

Author(s): Marek Pavlík / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Sport is one of areas which are usually supported from public finance resources. The main goal is to assess the transparency of allocation of public grants to sport organizations, with focus on municipal level. In its first part we discuss selected theoretical assumption about providing of public grants to the non-state organizations and introduce main features of such system in the Czech Republic.

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THE ANALYSIS OF THE CORPORATE FINANCIAL AND TAX ACCOUNTING IN THE EU AND THEIR HARMONIZATION

Author(s): Beata Blechová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In some EU Member States, there is a long and complex relationship between financial and tax accounting, which can be significantly affected by the introduction of new international financial reporting standards such as IAS/IFRS (International Accounting Standards/International Financial Reporting Standards). This article therefore aims to analyze therelationship between financial accounting and reporting for corporate income tax purposes inthe EU and also explore the effects of adopting IAS/IFRS on tax accounting within the EU.

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TAX PROGRESSION AS AN INSTRUMENT OF INCOME REDISTRIBUTION

Author(s): Katarzyna Lewkowicz-Grzegorczyk / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Empirical studies confirm that progressive personal income tax can become an important instrument of income redistribution. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how income redistribution criteria can influence the structure of income tax. After examining the nature of and reasons for the redistribution of income, the author provides analysis of the Polish personal income tax system.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF OFFSHORE FINANCIAL CENTRES IN THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM IN THE TIMES OF CRISIS

Author(s): Magdalena Markiewicz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The goal of the article is to verify the significance of offshore financial centres (OFCs) interms of destabilization of the international financial system. Statistical data confirm that many multinational corporations hold the headquarters in the countries offering some privileges and most of OFCs offer also low corporate taxes (CIT, VAT).

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Factors influencing the microeconomic and fiscal effects of the reduced VAT on books

Author(s): Martin Geško / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Value added tax as the general tax on consumption has a significant influence on the consumer behaviour and is a significant source of public revenues. Many tax policies in response to the current financial and public finance crisis employ the increase of the VAT rate on previously exempted or tax-favoured goods. On the other hand, in previous years some countries adapted decreased VAT rates on specific goods, e.g. books among others, in order to achieve certain non-economic goals.

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Public Contracts in Czech Teaching Hospitals - efficiency issues

Author(s): Alena Maaytová,Stanislav Klazar / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The average overall expenses spent on health-care services in the Czech Republic is 7.5% of the GDP. The estimated degree of inefficiency of these expenses is the serious issue in context of public finance. The goal of the text was to verify whether the efficiency can be increased in the area of public procurements in teaching hospitals by using the specific kind of public procurement procedures.

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Can tax policy co-cause the crisis?

Author(s): Irena Szarowská / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Although taxes have not generated the crisis, some aspects of tax policy may have led to increased risk-taking and indebtedness of banks, households and companies. Tax incentives may indeed the behavior of economic agents, leading them to wrong economic decisions. The aim of the paper is to review main channels through which the tax policy can affect financial markets and financial stability.

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MEZINÁRODNÍ DAŇOVÉ PLÁNOVÁNÍ V ČESKÉ PRAXI

Author(s): Jiří Žežulka,Lukáš Moravec / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The article solves the international tax planning techniques approach in the Czech environment and confronts the Inland Revenue and tax payers’ opinions.

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ZMENY V ZDAŇOVANÍ PRÍJMOV V SLOVENSKEJ REPUBLIKE

Author(s): Ivona Ďurinová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

In this paper the author focuses on important changes in income taxation in the Slovak Republic in recent years and seeks to assess in terms of their impact on different groups of tax payers, especially for businesses. The paper pays particular attention to selected tax incentives, which compares with the legislation in the Czech Republic.

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TAX SOLUTIONS IN THE POLISH MODEL OF PUBLICPRIVATE PARTNERSHIP

Author(s): Magdalena Ślebocka,Dagmara Hajdys / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

At the end of 2008 Polish Parliament passed a new act on public-private partnership (PPP), making PPP-related amendments to the income tax acts and introducing preferential rules for entities participating in PPP projects in Poland. For private funds to be invested in public undertakings the tax issues had to be made clear. In the Polish system only income taxes offer preferential treatment of PPP participants, which means that the applicable indirect taxes must be paid according to the general rules.

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Fiscal Imbalances: How Should Public Finance React?

Author(s): Juraj Nemec,Markéta Šumpíková,Stanislav Klazar,Beáta Mikušová Meričková,Matúš GREGA / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

After 2008, one of the main issue in EU countries became growing deficit of public finances. This paper argues, that the most feasible way how to improve growing fiscal imbalances in Czech Republic and Slovakia is to focused on efficiency improvements, especially in contracting of public services and public procurement. Our ten year long research in contracting of public services shows, that low level of competition, lack of motivation and poor contract management skills are the main issues.

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