Коя църква с патрон св. Георги е издигната през XVI век в Арбанаси?

Author(s): Hitko Vachev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2015

Nowadays in the south-western part of the village of Arbanassi there is a church whose patron is St. George. A lot of conservation and restoration work has been carried out in this church. Prior to this the church had been studied from an architectural point of view. It was established that the church was built during the first half of the 17th c. However, a recent study suggests that the church was built in the 16th c. Evidence in support of the earlier dating was found in the stylistic analysis of some of the mural decoration in the altar of the church and in the adjoining gallery. A more profound interpretation of the architecture of the church, the ascertained sequence of structuring the individual sections of the church, as well as the applied design solutions firmly refute the view that the first construction period of St. George’s Church can be dated to the 16th c. Indeed, in the 16th c. there was a church dedicated to St. George in the village of Arbanassi. This is the current chapel of St. Demetrius’ Church, which existed as an independent unit in the 16th c. This was attested during archaeological excavation works carried out inside the building and in the yard. The findings indicate that at about the mid-16th c. a church, consisting of an altar, nave and narthex was built. The studies of the surviving fragments from the earlier mural layer validate unambiguously the proposed dating. In the early 17th c. the existing St. George’s Church was reconstructed and was incorporated in the building of the newly erected St. Demetrius’ Church. As of 1621 the mural paintings inside were completed. Over the time the new patronof the church – St. Demetrius – gained currency. Therefore a new church, dedicated to St. George, was constructed lateron in the southwestern quarter of the village of Arbanassi.

Алботинският скален манастир

Author(s): Neven Iliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2014

The monastery of Albotin, situated 21 km south-west of the town of Vidin, is presented in this paper. The important role of Hesychasm in the monastery ideological life is amongst the factors, determining the interest of Historians toward this monument of medieval and modern sacral architecture.

Опити за възобновяване на Охридската архиепископия през последната третина на XIX век

Author(s): Yosif Metropolitan of Tetovo and Gostivar / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The article discusses the various attempts to restablish the Archbishopric of Ohrid (Achrida) over the last three decades of the 19th century. The problem of the resurgence of the Archbishopric of Ohrid was originally placed within the framework of the Bulgarian church-national question and the movement for the establishment of a Bulgarian church independent of Patriarchy in Constantinople. After the creation of the Bulgarian Exarchate and on the suggestion of the prominent Ottoman statesman Mithad Pasha, the first solitary attempts to resume the Ohrid Archbishopric as a separate church, independent of the Patriarchate of Constantinople and the Bulgarian Exarchate, began.A very characteristic feature of the movement for revival of the Archbishopric of Ohrid during the period under consideration is that it is strongly linked to the idea of recognizing the primacy of the pope and the movement to conclude a church union with the Roman Catholic Church.This can be seen in perhaps the most significant experience in this respect – that of Metropolitan Theodosius Gologanov in 1891.

Hernhuutlik usuliikumine – kas vennastekogudus või vennastekogu(d)?

Author(s): Andres Andresen / Language(s): Estonian Issue: 03/2018

The Herrnhut religious movement has played an important role in Estonian church history as well as in our cultural and social history at large. The relevant terminology has points of contact with several different disciplines. In older German the word Gemeine was widely used in parallel with Gemeinde. Thus, nowadays, German special literature contains both the proper name Brüdergemeine and the term Brüdergemeinde. The latter denotes not only the Herrnhut movement but also its local communities. In older German and to a lesser extent also in modern scholars in the field we find the term Brüdergemeine used in the same sense. The Estonian language has a long tradition of using the vernacular term vennastekogudus to refer to both the whole organisation (Moravian Church) and its local congregations. On the example of the German parallelism of concepts as well as terms, expatriate Estonian clergyman Konrad Veem has suggested an additional Estonian term vennastekogu, which cannot, however, be recommended in view of a deliberate and systematic approach to LSP cultivation: An over-differentiation of a term will blur the precision of expression. Vennastekogudus is clearly superior to vennastekogu with reference to both the precision and clarity of the term and the principle of systematics. Later, historian Mati Laur from the University of Tartu has tried replacing the term vennastekogudus with the plural noun vennastekogud. His reasons, which are not very well founded, rely on the word, not the concept. Specifically, Laur overlooks the relation of the words Brüdergemeine and Brüdergemeinde to the concept of Moravian movement as a whole, as well as the fact that Brüdergemeine is also a proper name of the movement. His suggestion to redefine the word vennastekogudus by associating it with the Brethren’s local organisations is unclear, if not misleading. In academic writing, vennastekogudus (in its widespread sense) should certainly be preferred to vennastekogu(d).

ხვითის ისტორიიდან

Author(s): Giorgi Sosiashvili,Ioseb Alimbarashvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 6/2021

The article examines the political and socio-economic history of Kvemo and Zemo Khviti, two villages near the occupation line in Shida Kartli, its population dynamics, ethnic and religious composition, village antiquities, fortifications, material and spiritual monuments, lapidary inscriptions and epitaphs. The meaning and origin of the toponym "Khviti" is also researched, along with Khviti’s relationship with the Monastery of the Cross in Jerusalem. Khviti was the property of the Taktakishvilis’ from ancient times, but apart from them different numbers of serfs here and the lands were owned by Machabelis’, Kherkheulidzes’, Pavlenishvilis’, Tumanishvilis’. The village has been actively appearing in written sources since the 16th century. The population was mainly engaged in agriculture and horticulture. The church of the Virgin Mary is the oldest in the village. According to the inscription, in 1672, Mroveli Episcope Ioane Taktakisdze had built a church on his own lands for himself and his brothers: Ardashel, Philip and Elisbar, to "confess the sins", which had been a “Metoki” of the Virgin St. Mary church of Vredzi. It is noteworthy that the same persons built the chapel of the famous monastery of Tire, north of Khviti, in 1682, with the difference that the older brother Ioane it is not mentioned in the inscription. We have to assume that he is already dead by this time, so “Mroveloba” moves on to his next brother - Philipe.

Църковно строителство в Североизточна България през 50-те – 70-те години на ХІХ век

Author(s): Nevena Nedelcheva,Aldzhan Dzhafer / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2022

This report presents the construction of churches in Eski Juma, Osman Pazar, Hezargrad, and in several other settlements in the 1850s – 1870s. It also focuses on the procedures for building churches and on the reasons for their mass construction in the region under review during this period. The study analyzes the applications of the population, their reasons, and the ethnic composition of the settlements studied. In addition, the paper discusses issues concerning the construction of the churches themselves, their size, organization, and financing.

Katolickie stowarzyszenia czeladnicze

Author(s): Ewelina Sokołowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2014

This article has the goal to present the development of Catholic journeyman organizations in Warmia from 1848 until the outbreak of the First World War. He relies primarily on reports in the press of the 19th Century as well as archival material. In this paper wasdescribed the history of these associations, and then the social organizations in Warmia, taking into account their education, their governing bodies, as well as the time and place of the meetings held and the development of initiatives in favor of the intellectual, moral, and professional development of young men. Soon the extent of the popularity of this organization has been lit among the young craftsmen and among believers of local parishes. Furthermore, the role of the Catholic clergy in the establishment of journeymen associations was examined. Finally, structural bonds of Warmia organizations with headquarters in Germany were analyzed.

Mieczysław J ó z e f c z y k: Z dziejów religijnych Pomezanii w XVII wieku, tom I: Synteza dziejów, Malbork 2012, ss. 404; tom II: Źródła do dziejów XVII-wiecznej Pomezanii, Malbork 2013, ss. 501,

Author(s): Wojciech Zawadzki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 15/2014

MUZICA BISERICEASCĂ ȘI DOMNIA

Author(s): Eduard Rusu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 58/2021

Although it may seem curious, religious music played an important role in defining the relationship between music and political power, primarily due to the links between the State and the Church, characteristic of Romanian medievalism. Given this framework, we aim to capture how this relationship is achieved. The princely churches concentrated around them the best psalts, and they, apart from the public divine cult, participated in various manifestations at the Court with their music, the most favorable framework being the princely festive dinners. Here they performed specific songs and polychronions, praising and glorifying the ruler, according to the Byzantine model. The church singers also enjoyed a privileged status, endowed with the aforementioned relationship, which is reflected in several official documents, a situation quite rare in the case of other musicians at the princely court. This is why we consider it necessary to take the action we are proposing, especially as a similar attempt does not exist in Romanian historiography.

Město Brušperk v kontextu biskupských měst na severovýchodní Moravě

Author(s): Kateřina Knopová,Tomáš Kocourek / Language(s): Czech Issue: 17/2022

The study deals with the development of Brušperk, which lies in northeastern Moravia. The town was founded in 1267—1268 by the Bishop of Olomouc, Bruno of Schauenburg. Brušperk was located in the territory that belonged to the Olomouc bishopric and since the 14th century was a part of the Hukvaldy manor. The first written mention of Brušperk comes from the founding charter of the town, which is, however, the medieval forgery. On the basis of other documents, we came to the conclusion that the dating of the founding document, namely 6 December 1269, is incorrect. The town was probably founded in prior to this date. Brušperk was founded as a town on the green land. Brušperk was the centre of jurisprudence for the surrounding villages: Fryčovice, Stařič, Paskov, and Stara Ves nad Ondřejnici. This area is delimited by the so-called Brušperk vikbild to which these villages belonged. The town of Brušperk was endowed with important privileges, such as the privilege called in Czech odumrť, the granting of which was very valuable to Brušperk. However, Brušperk was no exception; this privilege was granted by Bishop Mikulaš to most episcopal towns. The office of township reeve in Brušperk was most of the time hereditary and he was vassal of Bishop of Olomouc. The possibilities for where to conduct research in the future are still wide. In Brušperk itself, there is still a lack of detailed archaeological research in the city centre and its immediate surroundings, namely, the square, the cellars of old houses in the square, and the area around the church and the historic town centre. This archaeological research could bring new knowledge to the question of the fortifications of the town in the Middle Ages. Although the shape of the square has remained virtually unchanged since the Middle Ages, there is still the opportunity to learn, as no view or plan has been preserved from earlier times that the original appearance of the town would suggest (the oldest veduta Brušperka dates back to 1727).

Spisateljstvo franjevaca Bosne Srebrene u književnoj historiografiji

Author(s): Dolores Grmača / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2012

The important role of franciscans from the province of Bosna Srebrena in the pre-19th century Croatian literature has regularly been recognised in literary historiography. Some of the facts that have been commonly stressed include, for instance, the claim that it was only through the activities of franciscan monks on the periphery of the powerful Ottoman Empire that Croatian literature existed in Bosnia in this period. Furthermore, their literary activities have generally been desribed as inspired by Catholic Revival, and hence as primarily religious and didactic. The most popular are said to have been different religious texts carrying “all traditional ‘baggage’ of medieval catholicism” (Krešimir Georgijević). Thus, on the one hand, literary historians insist on the pragmatic role and low aesthetic value of franciscan literature, but, on the other, emphasise the crucial role of franciscan literary activities in the 17th and 18th centuries, which paved the way for the establishment of modern Croatian standard language. It seems therefore paradoxical that franciscan popular literature, which participated in the key processes of standard language formation, has been completely marginalised in Croatian literary canon. This paper focuses on various strategies employed in defining the position of franciscan literature within this canon, which is as a rule located within the borders of cultural periphery. Uncovering the mechanisms of national canon formation should provide further insight into the process of positioning of popular literature and the socio-cultural context of literature in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which, having developed no forms of high literature during the 17th and 18th centuries, existed only in its popular forms.

Софийските мъченици от XVI в. като продължение на „плана Кантакузин“

Author(s): Ancho Kaloyanov / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 2/2021

The martyrdom feats of George the New of Sofia, George the Newest of Sofia and Nicholas of Sofia the New for the Christian faith are organised by the Athos School for New Martyrdom, established in 1500. Considering their sequence (in 1515, 1540 and 1559) and the chosen location, they appear to be a continuation of the Kantakouzenos Plan from the last three decades of the 15th century, according to which the Patriarchate of Constantinople made an unsuccessful attempt to separate the Rila Monastery from the Great Church of Tsarevgrad Tarnov. Through the Athos import of new martyrdom in Sofia in the first half of the 16th century, the Patriarchate aimed to discredit the authority of the Great Church in order to seize the diocese of the Sofia Metropolitanate. However, this attempt was not successful: with the third martyr, the Bulgarians recognised the robber and his feat remained unheard, and the Torture of Nicholas of Sofia the New became known as late as in 1879 when its only copy by the Russian Slavist Polychronios Syrku was discovered in the Sofia Metropolitan Church.

Поглед към имотното състояние и доходите на свещениците в Търновско през XIX век

Author(s): Gergana Georgieva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The clergy was an important part of the local elite in the Balkans and performed variety of functions. The priests were not only religious leaders but also community leaders who united and lead the members of Christian communities. In some cases, they acted as mediators between the local communities and the official authorities; often they pursued teacher’s career as an additional occupation to priesthood; and they were the most educated people in a given area and formed the substantial part of the intellectual elite. Definitely, they were among those people who influenced the life of the local communities. Therefore, it is useful to develop their group portrait by exploring the financial status and everyday aspects of their life. The study explores as case studies two villages in the central part of the Balkan Mountains – Arbanassi and Lyaskovets. In the 19th c., they were villages de jure, but de facto they functioned as small prosperous towns. Those two settlements could be characterized not only by their economic activity, but also by their strong relationship with the Orthodox Church.

Благотворителност и Църква през 30-те – 40-те години на ХХ век в Търновска епархия (по документи от Държавен архив – В. Търново)

Author(s): Lora Doncheva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article is an attempt to reveal the charity activity of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church in the Tarnovo diocese in the second half of the 1930s and the late 1940s. The chronological limits of the study are determined by the election of Znepolski bishop Sophronius for Metropolitan of Tarnovo in 1935 and the adoption of the Law of Religious Denominations in 1949, that put an end to charity activity of the Bulgarian Orthodox Church. The article clarifies the relationship between the state and the Church in the sphere of charity activity before and after September 9, 1944.

Recenzje

Author(s): Piotr Salwa,Joanna A. Kościelna,Kazimierz Bem,Jerzy Sojka,Dariusz Krawczyk,Wojciech Kordyzon,Waldemar Kowalski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Review of Andrzej Tadeusz Staniszewski, Historyje krakowskie. Funkcjonowanie narracyjnych tekstów popularnych we wczesnonowożytnej aglomeracji krakowskiej, Kraków 2020, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, ss. 320, 1 nlb., 8 ss. tabl., faksymilia Drew B. Thomas, The Industry of Evangelism. Printing for the Reformation in Martin Luther’s Wittenberg, Leiden 2022, Brill (Library of the Written Word – The Handpress World, vol. 96), ss. 360 Theodore Beza at 500. New Perspectives on an Old Reformer, ed. by Kirk Summers, Scott M. Manetsch, Göttingen 2021, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, ss. 391 Kazimierz Bem, Calvinism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1548–1648. The Churches and the Fait hful, Leiden–Boston 2020, Brill (St. Andrews Studies in Reformation History), ss. LIII, 322, il. Michael P. Winship, Hot Protestants. A History of Puritanism in England and America, New Haven–London 2018, Yale University Press, ss. 351, 24 il.; David Hall, The Puritans. A Transatlantic History, Princeton–Oxford 2019, Princeton University Press, ss. 517 Valerie Smith, Rational Dissenters in Eighteenth-Century England. ‘An Ardent Desire of Truth’, Woodbridge 2021, Boydell Press, ss. 345 Elisabeth Heigl, Zwischen Selbstverwaltung und „furor cameralisticus“. Die Finanzverwaltung der Universität Greifswald 1566–1806, Stuttgart 2021, Franz Steiner Verlag (Beiträge zur Geschichte der Universität Greifswald, Bd. 13), ss. 520, 15 il., 41 wykr., 26 tab. Pasquale Guaragnella, Desiderosi del vero. Prosa di nuova scienza dal primo Galileo a Benedetto Castelli, Lecce 2021, Argo (Biblioteca Barocca e dei Lumi, vol. 21), ss. 264

FRANCO-ROMANIAN RELATIONS IN THE XIX CENTURY

Author(s): Ana Platon / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 18/2019

During the first two centuries after the fall of the Roman Empire Western Europe supported and elicited the emergence of new adjacent organizations. Up until the twentieth century Orthodoxy was seen as a foreign religious and spiritual practice. The contact between it and the Western culture, fostered within various Diasporas (e.g. Romanian, Greek, Russian) represents a spiritual event with one of the most far-reaching impacts in the nineteenth century. Cultivating the unity of faith and nation, the Orthodox Church supported the great historical events that had as their goal the national unity of the Romanians: the Unity of the Principalities (1859), Romania's independence (1877-1878) and the Great Union of 1918.

Sprawozdanie z 54. Tygodnia Eklezjologicznego zorganizowanego przez Koło Naukowe Teologów Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawła II w Lublinie

Author(s): Michał Pierzchała / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (32)/2022

Do tradycji Wydziału Teologicznego Katolickiego Uniwersytetu Lubelskiego Jana Pawła II w Lublinie należy „Tydzień Eklezjologiczny”, który odbył się po raz 54. w dniach 17-19 maja 2022 roku i został zorganizowany przez Koło Naukowe Teologów KUL (dalej: KUL KNT) pod hasłem „Kościół Świętych”. Sympozjum rozpoczęło się uroczystą Eucharystią pod przewodnictwem Ks. Abp. Stanisława Budzika Metropolity Lubelskiego i Wielkiego Kanclerza KUL. Ksiądz Arcybiskup podkreślił w homilii, że Chrystus jest źródłem i dawcą wszelkiej świętości, oraz wskazał, iż Kościół ukazuje powołanie do świętości jako powszechną drogę, i zaprosił, aby wołać o świętych i nimi się stawać przez bliskość z Chrystusem i Jego Kościołem.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE CLERGY TO ORGANISING THE ROMANIAN EDUCATION IN THE SOUTH OF THE DANUBE

Author(s): Claudiu Cotan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 20/2020

Besides serving within their parishes, the Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant, as well as Muslim clergy got involved in creating and coordinating the schools in the Ottoman Empire, which functioned most times close to the holy places of worship. The promotion of the rights of the communities in minority in the 19th century brought about the emancipation of the education. Little by little the religious rights came to be observed by the Ottoman administration and by the Ecumenical Patriarchate which had to cede to the pressure of the Orthodox peoples of the Balkans. Thus, the education in the language of the communities in minorities have become a reality, even if the new states formed in the Southern Danubian space after the fall of the Ottoman Empire manifested obvious reticence to observe the social and cultural rights of these minorities. The Romanians of the Balkans have also come up such hardships. The Romanian population in majority in Dobrudgea had to fight intensive fight for defending their rights during the Ottoman domination. I shall present in this study the role of the clergy in organising the Romanian education in the Balkans and in Dobrudgea.

THE CONSEQUENCES RESULTING FROM THE GOVERNANCE OF THE POPULAR DEMOCRACY REGIME ON THE ROMANIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH IN 1945-1964

Author(s): Ionel Chira / Language(s): English Issue: 20/2020

The political regime established in 1945 in Romania had no connection with democracy and the legitimate interests of the people, but on the contrary was anti-democratic, anti-popular and anti- Christian. In Romania, from 1945-1964, there were two strategies of the relations between the church and the political power: the diplomatic strategy of survival through the compromises adopted by the hierarchy, and the martyrdom strategy adopted by the priests, monks and believers who dared to fight and to reject the abuses of the communist power against religious life.

История русского церковного зарубежья третьей четверти ХХ века в новой монографии московского исследователя А.А.Кострюкова

Author(s): A. N. Kashevarov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 41/2022

The article analyzes the new book “The Russian Church Abroad under Metropolitan Philaret (Voznesensky), 1964–1985” by the Moscow historian A.A.Kostryukov. Despite the presence of a number of works on the history of the Russian Church Abroad in the 1960s–1980s, major studies that comprehensively characterize the period of the reign of Metropolitan Filaret, before the appearance of the book by A.A.Kostryukov, was not in historiography. The absolute merit of the monograph under review is an objective and unbiased study of the relationship of the Russian Church Abroad with the Moscow Patriarchate and other Local Churches, as well as the exposure of myths, misconceptions and the identification of “blank spots” in relation to a number of topics important for the history of the Church Abroad: the condemnation of ecumenism, unfulfilled hopes in relation to the “catacomb church” in the USSR, on the canonization of the royal family, the new martyrs and confessors of Russia. The monograph also outlines the key problems and important events in the history of other branches of the Russian Church Abroad in the last quarter of the 20th century — the Western European Exarchate of Russian Parishes, which was administratively subordinate to the Patriarch of Constantinople, and the North American Metropolis, which in 1970 received from the Moscow Patriarchate the status of autocephalous (independent) under the name of the Orthodox Church in America. Thus, A.A.Kostryukov studied the complex processes concerning the entire Russian church diaspora, including its connections and relations, both with the Moscow Patriarchate and with other Local Churches and, above all, with the Patriarchate of Constantinople. On the whole, the work under review is the first fundamental work on the history of the Russian Church Abroad in the third quarter of the 20th century.