"Biografiile" Sfantului Maxim Marturisitorul si contextul istoric al epocii sale

Author(s): Vicen?iu Românu / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1-3/2017

In modern Romanian theology, Father Dumitru Stăniloae is the first theologist who started capitalizing, by their precious translations and comments, for almost half a century, on a part of the theological and spiritual works of the great Byzantine and erudite monk of the 7th century in the person of Saint Maxim the Confessor, thus ranging under the neopatristic trend, dedicated to the „maximology” commenced during the first half of the 20th century. Within the four tomes of maximian works, the Romanian theologist casts some light on the sizes and profound significances of the confessor monk Maxim’s thinking in relation to contemporary theology, however, concerning Their life, the scholared Romanian theologist compiles short biographic notes.

"Continuities and discontinuities. Educational program of The Planned Parenthood Association in Krakow (1957 – 1993)"

Author(s): Barbara Klich-Kluczewska / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2014

The article presents the program of sexual education prepared and offered by Krakow Branch of the Planned Parenthood Association in the wider context of socio-political situation in Krakow (1956 – 1989). Since the beginning of the Association’s existence, the special attention was paid to the development of educational program, which concerned the different aspects of „family life“. The article is going to answer the questions about its goals, the educational tools used to achieve them and its social targets. To accurately determine the position of the Association in the city‘s community I will analyse its foundation and activities in wider context of the pre-war traditions of the organisation and the activities regarding premarital counselling undertaken by the Krakow Catholic Church.

"Foaia Diecezana" - 130 de ani de aparitie

Author(s): Constantin Cilibia / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 1-3/2017

The Diocesan Sheet magazine, through the articles printed, enjoys an even greater popularity within believers, priests, not only from the Caransebeș Bishopric, but the entire country. The editorial team consists of church, but also laic personalities with a good theological preparation. It is led by our inexhaustible Bishop, Dr. Lucian Mic, of Caransebeș, who is undertaking great efforts for the magazine to appear periodically and in exquisite graphic conditions. From what we have seen so far, the Diocesan Sheet magazine is highly appreciated, not only within the Caransebeș Bishopric, the Banat Mitropoly, but also within the Romanian Patriarchy. We see its presence everywhere, thus confirming that it complies with current requirements and exigencies.

"GLOBALIZACIJA" RIMSKOG CARSTVA I ŠIRENJE KRŠĆANSTVA.

Author(s): Anto Popovic / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 19/2003

This article explores some of the factors which enabled Christianity become a world religion in a relatively brief span of time. As well as looking at the culture of the time, it examines the contribution of military, legal, monetary and communication factors in the Roman Empire. These factors were a cohesive force which made a vast empire, of many ethnic groups (nations), cultures and religions, into a unified social-political and economic-cultural space. All these factors bear marks of the Roman Empire and Greco-Roman civilization, and therefore they may be treated under the heading "globalization" of the Roman Empire. In their oral and written address to their audiences and in their mutual correspondence, the first proclaimers of the Good News made extensive use of the advantages of these "globalizing" factors on their missionary journeys. However, the crucial and the most important driving force behind the rapid spread of Christianity was the self-awareness of the first Christian proclaimers of their universal mission, their finn belief in the saving power of the Gospel and their conviction that all peoples are in an urgent need of God's salvation.

"Hours of trial" in the life and activity of Polish sercans in the post-war years

Author(s): Slawomir Kaminski / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2004

"Godziny próby" w życiu i działalności polskich sercanów w latach powojennych.

,„Și încă a pustiit şi sfânta mănăstire”. Mănăstirea Govora și un gest de putere de la mijlocul secolului al XV-lea

Author(s): Ramona Adina Neacsa (Lupu) / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: XXXIII/2015

This paper analyses the destruction of the Govora Monastery by the boyar Albu the Great in mid fifteenth-century Wallachia. The main contention of the article is that this sacrilegious act was embedded in the struggles between different Wallachian noble groups competing for power. Thus, by devastating the monastery, Albu the Great was trying to strengthen his own position, while undermining that of the founder of the monastery, no other than Vlad the Devil, the lord of Wallachia. The Govora monastery played an important role in supporting and legitimizing Vlad’s rule, therefore any act of violence directed against it was actually aimed to its founder. A locus of history and legitimacy, the monastery had a significant capital of symbolic power that could be manipulated, destroyed or, on the contrary, restored. This is precisely what happed with Govora in the second half of the fifteenth century, when Vlad the Devil’s descendents took care to restore the family monastic foundation. Thus, Vlad the Impaler punished Albu the Great and his entire kin and, afterwards, Vlad the Monk and Radu the Great re-established the monastic estate by buying back two of its former villages, Glodul and Hinţa. The purpose of this article is to suggest that the fifteenth-century Wallachian monasteries were not solely a network of religious and economic centres, but also hubs of political power.

100-lecie kościoła pw. św. Jana Chrzciciela w Trzciance

Author(s): Edwin Klessa / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 5/2017

16. SZÁZADI, KÉSŐ RENESZÁNSZ ÖLTÖZETŰ LEÁNYKA SÍRJA BOLDVÁN

Author(s): Ilona Valter / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2012

The actually standing Calvinist church of Boldva is of a royal founding. The building functioned as a Benedictine abbey around 1175–1180. The archaeological excavations conducted between 1976 and 1982 uncovered 68 graves within the church. A 14–16 years old girl lay in grave no. 21 in perfectly preserved renaissance clothes. She probably died in 1567 or 1568 and she was a member of the Putnoky family of the Rátót clan. This family owned Boldva until 1570, and then the Basó family owned it for about 160 years. The girl’s uncle Mihály Basó lay in grave no. 14 and her mother Klára Basó in grave no. 17.

2016. október 20-21.

Author(s): Dávid Diósi,József Marton / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 20/2017

25. rocznica strajków studenckich w Łodzi – droga do legalizacji Niezależnego Zrzeszenia Studentów w Polsce (1981–2006)

Author(s): Innocenty Marek Rusecki / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2007

This article presents the course of Lodź students' strikes, who in 1981 acted against the authorities of the Polish People's Republic (PRL) policy, concerning higher education They demanded introducing a lot of changes. Their strikes provided strong impetus for other students in Poland, who conseąuently started their own waves of strikes. The result of those strikes was establishing the first Independent Association of Students in Poland. In the first part of the article, the author outlined the communists' coming to power, strengthening it, as well as their style of ruling. That was a background for presenting the circumstances of students'strikes in Lodź, their demands, their talks with the state authorities and the Independent Association of Students coming into existance. The second part of the article presents the Catholic Church in Poland, its social role in the years of the communistic regime, which started in 1945, and Lodź Church special part during the srikesof 1981. According to the author, today, when there are trials to ignore or falsify some facts and events from the latest Polish history, it is essential to hold in reverence those wonderful episodes which reveal human's right to freedom, dignity, subjective treatment, and last but not least, to have all their rights guaranteed by the Constitution, respected by the ruling authorities. The author hopes that the present article will contribute to a long process of Polish national history cleansing and to showing it in the proper light. This article is dedicated to all of those who were involved in students' strikes, as a token of remembrance and gratitude.

250 lat liturgicznego kultu Serca Jezusowego w Polsce – memoriał biskupów polskich z 1765 roku

Author(s): Ireneusz Sloma / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 08/2015

The liturgical Solemnity of Most Sacred Heart of Jesus was approved 250 years ago. This solemnity is celebrating on the Friday after the octave of the Solemnity of the Most Holy Body and Blood of Christ (Corpus Christi). The Polish bishops Memorial of 1765 was really important document which helped in approval the Sacred Heart solemnity. That is why every Sacred Heart worshipper should read and know this document. 250th anniversary of approval this worship is the best time to do this. The Memorial presents the beginning of Sacred Heart worship history and meaning this worship for every worshipper. What is more this document shows arguments for approval of the liturgical solemnity of the Sacred Heart. Memorial shows clearly that orthodox Sacred Heart worship exist in the Church and this worship is accepted and still promoting by the Holy See. That is why this worship needs official approval of the appropriate form of the Mass, and breviary. Polish Bishops Memorial especially ask for approval of these texts for Poland. One of the reasons of it is Polish people are real Sacred Heart worshippers and they believe that this Heart helps them in every difficult situation.

28 Šventųjų Pranciškonų Observantų Atvaizdai Šv. Jurgio Kankinio Konvento Bažnyčioje

Author(s): Laima Šinkunaite / Language(s): Lithuanian / Issue: 90/2017

There is unique artifact of baroque art in the St. George the Martyr church of the Franciscan minor convent in Kaunas. There are 28 images of saint martyrs and confessors. In the archive of this convent we can find the earliest information about these images. There is a record of 1741 in which they are mentioned. Today they are in quite poor condition, but there is no equivalent to this gallery, even if in its unrestored condition. Every image reveals an individual way to holiness. In every painting there is a poetic inscription whose purpose is to describe a painted friar. This research is another opportunity to look at the way to holiness and the way to art.

60 de ani de la primele canonizări de sfinţi români

Author(s): Mircea Gelu Buta / Language(s): Romanian / Issue: 11/2015

Although a strong church from the beginning, with special spiritual life and moral-religious leading personalities, the Romanian Orthodox Church has started late with canonisation of saints. It is the merit of Patriarch Justinian and the members of the Holy Synod of the time, in October 1955 in full Stalinist regime, that several Romanian saints were canonized, whose relics were on this land for centuries. The following were declared then saints of the Romanian Orthodox Church: St. John the Wallachian (12th of May), St. Hierarchs Elias Iorest and Sava Brancovici, Metropolitans of Transylvania from the seventeenth century as witnesses (24th of April), St. Pious Visarion Sarai and Sophrony of Cioara and pious peasant Oprea Nicolae (21st of October), St. Hierarch Calinic of Cernica (11th of April) and St. Hierarch Joseph the New from Partoş (15th of September).

A Beleaguered Church

The Serbian Orthodox Church in the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) 1941–1945

Author(s): Aleksandar Stojanovic / Language(s): English / Issue: XLVIII/2017

In the Independent State of Croatia (NDH) from its establishment only days after the German attack on Yugoslavia in early April 1941 until its fall in May 1945 a genocide took place. The ultimate goal of the extreme ideology of the Ustasha regime was a new Croatian state cleansed of other ethnic groups, particularly the Serbs, Jews and Roma. The Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC), historically a mainstay of Serbian national identity, culture and tradition, was among its first targets. Most Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries were demolished, heavily damaged or appropriated by the Roman Catholic Church or the state. More than 170 Serbian priests were killed and tortured by the Ustasha, and even more were exiled to occupied Serbia. The regime led by Ante Pavelić introduced numerous laws and regulations depriving the SPC of not only its property and spiritual jurisdiction but even of its right to existence. When mass killings stirred up a large-scale rebellion, a more political and seemingly non-violent approach was introduced: the Croatian regime unilaterally and non-canonically founded the so-called Croatian Orthodox Church in order to bring the forced assimilation of Serbs to completion. This paper provides an overview of the ordeal of the Serbian Orthodox Church in the NDH, based on the scholarly literature and documentary sources of Serbian, German and Croatian origin. It looks at legislation, propaganda, the killings and torture of Orthodox clergy and the destruction of church property, including medieval holy relics. The scale and viciousness of some atrocities will be looked at based on unused or less known sources, namely the statements of Serbian refugees recorded during the war by the SPC and the Commissariat for Refugees in Serbia, and documents from the Political Archive of the Third Reich Ministry of Foreign Affairs

A Bölöni-kódexről és egy unitárius énekeskönyvről

Author(s): Mihály Etlinger / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2018

Both the structure and the contents of the Bölöni codex (between 1615–1621) present numerous problems. Th e codex was copied by diff erent hands, it is partially truncated, and the extant texts are not arranged in a chronological order. Earlier research failed to properly establish either the structure or the source of the codex. Its texts seem to be most closely related to the Unitarian hymnal tradition, however, a detailed comparison with the songs in the Unitarian hymnal of 1616, known today as the earliest such songbook, reveals a high number of textual diff erences. This paper establishes the origins of the Bölöni codex based on the available data, and compares its textual variants with the contemporary Protestant hymn tradition. Based on the synoptic reading and the structural as well as transcriptional characteristics of the codex, the proposed conclusion is that the direct or indirect source of the Bölöni codex must be a now unavailable Unitarian hymn book which was most likely published between 1593 and 1601.

A CALVINIST PIOUS SOCIETY

Author(s): Éva Demeter / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2003

collected stories of conversion from university students in Kolozsvár/Cluj. They had come into contact with representatives of the revival movement and constructed their own identities under the influence of the identity patterns conveyed by these people. The conversion means that their relationship with God becomes personal in that they accept salvation from sin for themselves, declare themselves to be the children of God and place their lives under His guidance. This goes together with a new way of life involving daily reading and interpretation of the Bible, impromptu personal prayers and participation in charity work. In the stories of conversion they speak about this new identity and the process through which they changed their identities. Parallel with the restructuring of the individual identity the collective identity also changes since, from the time of their conversion, they regard themselves as members of the community and the activity of the community extends to all fields of life: Bible hours, religious services, sports, summer camps, film club, etc.

A Christian in the Roman Empire in the Light of Saint Augustine’s Enarrationes in Psalmos

Author(s): Marta Ziólkowska / Language(s): English / Issue: 04/2016

The question of Christian’s identity was an imperative issue in the socio-religious realities of the fourth and fifth centuries. This topic was undertaken by St. Augustine as a priest of the community of Hippo. Taking examples from the life of the faithful people it explicates the events from the fundamental perspective, i.e. from the point of view of a Christian. This publication presents the first part of the Christian attitude with regard to others. The second part is devoted to the overriding respect for the world in which people live as Christians. The third part presents the Christian as a citizen of the Roman Empire. Numerous moralistic indications create a somewhat handbook for Christians and present the concrete postulates for Christian formation.

A crosier from the territory of the Veszprémvölgy convent

Author(s): András Fülöp,András Koppány / Language(s): English / Issue: 1-2/2004

The Virgin Mary nunnery in Veszprémvölgy was one of the earliest founded convents in Hungary. It was established by (Saint) Stephen I (1000 – 1038). Veszprémvölgy (vallis Wespremiensis), after which the convent got its name, was the medieval name of the valley of the Séd stream flowing west of the town of Veszprém. At present it flows through the inner city of Veszprém. The foundation deed of the convent is an oft’ cited and debated source in Hungarian historiography since it shed light on a period, the age of the foundation of the Hungarian state, a time from which very few written documents have been preserved. Archaeological excavations were conducted in the territory of the convent by Gyula Rhé in the 1930’s yielding only a few evaluable results. The unearthed walls were reconstructed according to contemporary standards of monument protection. Since then, they deteriorated so badly that conservation became necessary. At the same time, the reconstruction of the baroque church, built in the area of the convent in the second half of the 18th century, also had to be tackled.

A Heltai-nyomda Apokalipszis-kommentárjairól

Author(s): Tamás Túri / Language(s): Hungarian / Issue: 1/2018

The study investigates two Apocalypse commentaries from the 17th century, which were printed in Kolozsvár according to the Unitarian bibliographies. On the title page of the Brevis dissertatio… (1625, RMK II, 436) probably written by the Socinian Andreas Voidovius (1565–1622?) the “Claudipoli” is a false place of the printing, because neither the type of the letters nor the tail-piece correspond to the works by Heltai’s printing house. There is no data about the reception on this print in Kolozsvár, but short review of the Brevis dissertatio… is required, because it explains the Rev 13. and 17. similar to the Lutheran historical interpretations and it enriches the reticent Socinian commentaries. The work has a radical place among the Unitarian commentaries, because it prophesised the fall of the Antichrist in ca. 1630. The Explicatio locorum aliquot diffi ciliorum in Apocalypsi (1644) is reviewed by the History of the Unitarian Church, written by János Kénosi Tőzsér (1708–1772) and István Uzoni Fosztó (1729–1778) in the 18th century, although the Explicatio… was not printed in Kolozsvár. This moderate chiliastic commentary was published as an appendix of the Dutch Collegiant Daniel De Breen (1594–1664)’s Amica disputatio adversus Judaeos…, which aimed to convert the Jews. The book had major reception among the Unitarians: it is found in more copies among the Unitarian manuscripts and prints in the Library of Academy in Cluj-Napoca. De Breen’s activity was a part of the spiritual-mystical period of the Collegiant movement, so the emergence of the Amica disputatio… among the Transylvanian Unitarians is appraisable as the Unitarian reception of the spiritualist literature in the 18th century. However, there is no information about its infl uence on the Unitarian writings yet.

A Historical Perspective on Inclusivism as the Prevailing Paradigm in the Christian Theology of Religions

Author(s): Krzysztof Grzelak / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2018

The article first explains various perspectives on the world religions. Its main focus is on the inclusivist perspective as the most common approach in the debate on religions. Here special attention is given to the development of the Christocentric model in the Catholic Church referring first to the early Church Fathers and afterwards to Logos theology. The analysis shows that the theology of the Logos was always present in Catholic attitudes towards other believers throughout history alongside the exclusivist axiom extra ecclesiam nulla salus (outside the Church no salvation). Later, this inclusivist theology was echoed in the „fulfilment theory” of Jean Danielou, „anonymous Christianity” of Karl Rahner, the Second Vatican Council’s stand on other faiths, and in the post-conciliar official Church teaching. The article ends with evaluation of the complexity, challenges and unavoidable shortcomings of the Christocentric approach to other religions.