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(С)поделена природа? Природно наследство и местно развитие в един регион от българо-сръбското пограничие

Author(s): Ivaylo Markov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article is focused on a border region between Bulgaria and Serbia which is geographically dominated by Ruy Mountain (whose ridge is the boundary between Bulgaria and Serbia) and the valley of Erma river forming two huge defiles along its way in this mountainous region – the Lomnishko defile (in Bulgaria) and the Poganovsko defile (in Serbia). The micro region (from natural and geographical point of view) shared until 1919 several cultural, social and economic characteristics (from an anthropological point of view), thus forming a common historical and geographical entity. The demarcation of the boundary between Bulgaria and Serbia as a result of the Treaty of Neuilly split the region between the two countries. The border regime, which was rigid and impermeable through the whole second half of the 20th century, made the zones on the both sides of the border well guarded, but industrially underdeveloped periphery. With the opening of the border in the period after 1989 and especially with the intensification of the European integration processes the character of the Bulgarian-Serbian border is undergoing changes and is gradually turning into a bridge for diverse trans-border initiatives. A great deal of these initiatives are connected with the well preserved ecology of the region, which is evaluated at present as a treasure by the local authorities and communities who believe it to be an important resource and instrument for the overcoming of the peripheral position of the region.

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„Българин по професия. Българин по потекло” (Записки върху идентичността)

Author(s): Mina Hristova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The aim of the article is to provide a possible interpretation of identity in one of the contested border regions on the Balkans well known for the competing politics and interests by the two bordering countries – Bulgaria and Serbia, for the past century. This region is known as „Western Outlands” in the social and political life. The communal memory of the Bulgarian minority in Bosilegrad, Serbia, leads the narration through different historical periods and their respective politics to uncover an identity which has become a survival strategy at the intricate periods. This will reveal a complex picture of the multiple identity levels where the individual and social identity are tightly related and are further shaped by the existing number of internal and external „others.“

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Споделено културно-историческо наследство и трансгранично сътрудничество?

Author(s): Violeta Periklieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article examines the policy of cross-border cooperation in the field of culture and cultural and historical heritage of the bordering region of Petrich, Bulgaria, and Strumica, Macedonia. For centuries, until their final political division after 1944, the two regions were not familiar with the existence of dividing state border and established close economic, social and cultural relations. However, in the period after 1944, those relations were rendered difficult and for a certain time even completely impeded which led to their strong violation. The political contradictions between Bulgaria and Macedonia (until 1991 part of Yugoslavia) almost completely broke off the contacts and cooperation between the municipalities of Petrich and Strumica. The attempts at their resumption began only after the year of 2000 when the European mechanisms for cross-border cooperation started working. Focusing the attention on joint projects of the two municipalities, the article tries to answer the question to what extent the example of cross-border cooperation presented here achieve the purposes related to cultural and historical heritage and identity and set in the idea of a "Europe of the regions" and which are the main problems and failures.

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Никой не ходи по Луната: носталгия, памет и политически дискурс в Странджа

Author(s): Delyan Lyutskanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The paper explores the links between political magination and social memory in the sphere of everyday discourses. During a seven-week long multi-sited fieldwork in Stranja, a mountain region in the southeast corner of Bulgaria, references and allusions to politics were constantly slipping in humour, various other trivial situations and memories of the past. Using a sociolinguistic framework informed by Mikhail Bakhtin I analyse why and in what ways these utterances have ubiquitously infiltrated speech and argue that they reveal a lot about the non-collective and multidirectional character of memory. I discovered that nostalgic recollection, which in academic literature is often believed to be characteristic of European rural margins, is merely a fragment of a more complex mode of remembrance which poses a challenge to the notion that memory can be collective.

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Стопански миграции, институции и организационен живот на българите в диаспора. София: ИК „Арка“, 2015

Author(s): Krasimira Krastanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

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Między pamięcią a historią. Pisarze żydowscy pochodzenia maghrebskiego we Francji. Perspektywa socjologiczna

Author(s): Ewa Tartakowsky / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2016

Literary production by Jewish writers from North Africa in France reaches back to the 1950s and has been gaining momentum since the 1980s. These works function as vectors of memory, ‘historiography’ and adaptation. In a new environment, exile leads to recollection and memorialization processes, enabling the subject to fight against trauma and providing the migrant group with a framework of reference. Literature, which does not require a scientific framework, is able immediately to take over the narration of the past. These processes mediate between the exiled group and the host community, in which the exile literary work transcends the social realities that help construct the individual.

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СЪВРЕМЕННАТА ИКОНОМИЧЕСКА МИГРАЦИЯ НА БЪЛГАРСКИТЕ МЮСЮЛМАНИ

Author(s): Sonia Hinkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2017

The article is scrutinizing the causes and dynamic, but mainly the consequences form the economic migration on the Bulgarian Muslims. This influence is presented through its diverse impact among the different subgroups of the Bulgarian Muslims – ethnic Turks, Bulgarian- speaking Muslims (divided according their own self-determination on Bulgarians, Pomaks and Muslims) and Muslims form the ghettos (according their own self-determination predominantly Turks, but also Romas). Here are analyzed the Muslims preferences for some particular countries as a season-work or long-term employment destination. The study places particular emphasis on the influence of the immigrant communities over the religious and ethnic identity of the Bulgarian Muslims. This context makes possible the outlining of the substantial differences among the diverse subgroups of Bulgarian Muslims as well as the different perspective for “import” of ideas and specific practices.

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1989: Szempontok a rendszerváltás globális politikai gazdaságtanához

Author(s): Márk Áron Éber,Ágnes Gagyi,Tamás Gerőcs,Csaba Jelinek,András Pinkasz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 21/2014

This article rethinks 1989 – the year commonly treated as a milestone of regime change. As contrary to this narrow view, and with the aim of laying out the conceptual foundations of possible future research projects, we give a short overview of the way Hungary became incorporated into the capitalist world system and of the key global, economic, and geopolitical factors that influenced its dependent development. For this we present a historically sensitive, global political economic narrative within which we pay special attention to the way public debt had been accumulated and how this, in turn, shaped Hungary’s position within the world system. After our analysis of the regime change we continue with an overview of the main structural dynamics of the last two decades. Finally, through two short case studies, we show how our perspective can throw new light on the political ideologies and economic policies of the era. The accumulation of state debt was not a Hungarian specificity: instead, we argue that it was rather a result of the global restructuring process and of its concomitant effect of decreasing national state-sovereignty. In the following manner, we also argue that the emergence of debates (which were central in evaluating the regime change, revolving around issues like „democracy” vs. „dictatorship” or „planning” vs. „market”) can be better understood within our global, historical, and political economic analytical framework. In the long run we identify two economic development strategies – namely, the strategy of liberalization and the strategy of protectionism – both structured around the, nonetheless entirely unfulfilled, hope of overcoming Hungary’s semi-peripheral position by „catching up” to its Western neighbors. These strategies then can be analyzed on the base of how they relate to global cycles of accumulation; how their shifts were influenced by changes in the world system; and, in turn, how these strategies organized both various elite projects shaped by global cyclical dynamics and the interpretations about our historically unfolding dependent position.

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Beágyazott kritika: A Fordulat és reform kontextusa

Author(s): Ágnes Gagyi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 21/2014

The article presents a core moment in the history of political economy in Hungary. It demonstrates how the political economic criticism of state socialism changed accordingly to those structural junctures, which we identified in the introduction to the present issue as shaping the position of Hungary within the global world system. The case in question is that of the Pénzügykutatási Intézet [Financial Research Institute] and its employees, who, during the process of the Hungarian regime change, became known as the „reform economists”.

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Илияна Марчева. Политиката за стопанска модернизация в България по време на Студената война. София, изд. „Летера“, 2016. 640 с.

Author(s): Daniel Vatchkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/2016

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Към историята на гръцката общност в София от средата на ХХ век до днес: първите години

Author(s): Daniel Fokas / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2017

The publication is the result of the study of the Greeks who arrived in Bulgaria in 1948–1949 and the process of settling in the country in the 1950s. Their community is formed by political emigrants from Northern Greece who left the homelands after the Civil War in the country (1946–1949). The article traces the main moments in the history of the emigration and the settling in the new country, as well as the initial integration into the Bulgarian society. It outlines the actions of the Bulgarian state in support of the Greek immigrants – the establishment of dormitories, the providing of medical care, the work placement. An important point in the article is the special care for children refugees as well as their education. Another accent is the self-organization of the Greek community in Bulgaria during the first years of the settlement – the committees in the hostels, the General Committee of the Greek Immigrants, the additional organizations, the newspaper, the information bureau, the creation of an educational structure. The author also provides information on the structure of the emigrant community in terms of its ethnicity, geographical and social origin. The main purpose of the publication is to present these processes from the point of view of the internal life of the immigrants on the basis of the interviews of the author with some prominent community representatives who have finally settled in Sofia.

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Transitional Justice Models and Analytic Philosophy

Author(s): Michał Krotoszyński / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2017

As an interdisciplinary field of scholarship, transitional justice is still in its pre-theoretical stage, focusing mainly on the case and comparative studies, supported by general considerations concerning justice in the times of transition. To entrench the field as a distinct area of studies, a theory of transitional justice needs to be formulated. The article explores the possibility of making a step towards such a theoretical basis with the use of the tools of analytical philosophy, methodology and legal theory. First, drawing on Leszek Nowak’s procedure of idealisation, three basic models of responses to a painful past are formulated. Then, distinct transitional justice values are attributed to each of the models. Finally, with the use of Jerzy Kmita’s concept of humanistic interpretation, the article seeks to conceptualize the way in which these values – among other factors, such as the need to uphold the rule of law or to preserve the stability of a democratic system – influence the choice of a model of transitional justice response. Thus, the aim of the presented models – which I described in more detail elsewhere (Krotoszyński 2017) – is to provide a sound theoretical basis for some of the fundamental claims formulated in the field of transitional justice.

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Културни организации и идентичност на турците в България в началото на ХХІ век

Author(s): Bojidar Alexiev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

After the restoration of the rights of the Turks in Bulgaria in the beginning of the 1990s, they again received the opportunity to develop culture in their mother tongue. Over the time the Turkish chitalishta (culture centers), which had existed in the past, were re-established and new organizations pursuing various educational, creative and informational activities appeared. Already for several years on end, the Turkish cultural associations in Bulgaria have been organizing events and staging traditional and modern musical and dancing performances. The article studies the functioning of the Turkish cultural organizations in Bulgaria as well as the Turkish community’s self-representation by means of folklore performances in front of the other communities.

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THE ETHNIC CONFLICTS AND MASS MEDIA

Author(s): Graham Ebenezer Kurtis / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

The media have played and continue to play a significant role in many ethnic conflicts and wars that ever took place in history and through its reportage humankind has become informed and aware about ethnic-conflict on the globe through various forms. Irrespective of the increase in knowledge, media has negatively impacted the ethnic conflict by several escalations that took place because of the manner information that was provided. This study investigates what these negative impacts are by examining literature and sorting them to consider media location, outlets and presentation impact of media. An overlapping discovered has gingered the reclassification of the impact of media in the face of dilemmas. They are Psychoanalysis propaganda and profiteering, freedom and ethics, distortion of reality and public safety. The media tries to balance in order to choose the lesser consequential path to survive. However, they have all steered to an escalation of ethnic conflicts.

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RECOGNITION OF NEW STATES: KOSOVO CASE

Author(s): Bashkim Rrahmani / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2018

The recognition of Kosovo is an issue in some part of the international community even though its independence has been recognized by 116 states and that the ICJ has given a legal opinion which confirmed that the independence was not a violation of international law. This paper analysis the pros and cons and the difficulties created by the non-recognition of Kosovo both for the region and broader, dealing not only with the political reasons and difficulties. The paper is written by using combined methodology and methods: systemic analysis, of legal analysis, and method of comparison analysis. Conclusions and recommendations are expected to be a contribution towards a further debate about the importance of the recognition of the state of Kosovo.

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Читалищата като част от развитието на гражданския сектор в България в периода от 1878 г. до 1944 г.

Author(s): Silvena Bayrakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

In order to analyse in depth, the process of the present special status of the Bulgarian chitalishta, a look at the past is required to search for historical threads that lead to the reconciliation between their functions as state institutions from the one hand and civic organization ones from the other hand. The article highlights some features of the development of the Bulgarian civil sector and focuses on the chitalishta as the first civic organization with traditions dating back to the Bulgarian nation building period. Two major events in the span between 1878 and 1944 have an impact on the contemporary government policy concerning the Bulgarian chitalishta. Firstly, their consolidation in union in 1911 is initiated by the will of their leaders to coordinate the activities and to form high representation raising the organizational status. Secondly, due to the longstanding efforts of the chitalishte intelligentsia, the first Law to regulate them is passed in 1927, which strongly favours their financial and infrastructural support. This text intends to reveal how the democratic civic associations that have occurred in the context of non-existent national state during the Bulgarian “modernity”, acquire specific social and government-institutional hue that brings forth the prototype of their public duties and functions as a space for civil debate.

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Общински годишни програми за развитие на читалищна дейност в контекста на опазване на нематериалното културно наследство

Author(s): Sylva Nalbantyan-Hacheryan / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article presents and analyses the relation between the chitalishta and the municipalities on the basis of the municipal programs for the development of the activities of this specific institution. The data used is able to demonstrate the resources of the chitalishta, the rich variety of the activities accomplished there, as well as to make more concrete the appeals for support, to show the attitude of the municipalities as cultural institutions participating in the realization of public policies. Having in mind the importance of the chitalishte institution for the safeguarding of the intangible cultural heritage, the content of the programs is analysed from the point of view of the activities and measures for the safeguarding of this kind of cultural heritage.

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CLIMATE CHANGE: THE POLITICS AND CHALLENGES IN PERSPECTIVE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS

Author(s): Abbas Sheer,Li Shouping,Fatima Sidra / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This article consists of five major parts. It includes the analysis of politics and international cooperation on climate change and the legal environmental scenario and implementation, trends and litigation concerns faced by climate change. The Paris Agreement of Climate Change (2015) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nation are the two main players at the global level to target greenhouse gas emissions as a voluntary framework. These guiding principles relating to the environment for sustainable development are evolving over time and did not shape as customary law. The ultimate solution lies in understanding the problem intensity through growing scientific facts about the impacts of climate change.

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THE UNITED STATES FOREIGN POLICY TOWARDS CHINA: INVALIDITY OF CONVERGENCE AND INTEGRATION IN FACING AN XXI CENTURY CHINA

Author(s): Bama Andika Putra / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

The US faces many dilemmas in facing an XXI century China. The recent crisis that has occurred in the South China Sea and issues related to the trade war between the two global powers have significantly divided the positions of both states in world affairs. The US policy of engagement and coercion, forcing China into the US liberal order has shown slow progress. Therefore, it is critical to re-evaluate the US foreign policy strategy in facing an XXI century China, which shows discontent towards the values that are promoted by the US. This paper critically analyzes the US foreign policy approach to China, provides key elements of its success, and concludes the major issues faced throughout the process of interacting with the modern global superpower known as China.

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THE JOURNALISM BETWEEN POLITICAL INSTRUMENTALIZATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION

Author(s): Iskra Koroveshovska / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

Democracy begins and ends with the media – according to this worldly recognized sentence, every ordinary Balkan could estimate the democratic perspective of its own country. That is why the effect of the new media (social networks), deserves continuous scientific and research attention, also done in this paper basically through comparative and statistic methods, with specific analysis of the Macedonian case. The media revolution produced largely positive changes in everyday life. But negative effects could not be abstracted: Internet - populism, loss of confidence in the media, fake news and hate speech. Perhaps the first solution that comes to mind is law regulation. But knowing that clear basal of the network services is freedom of speech and expression, any attempt of regulation (objectively or not) is legitimately considered censorship. This paper attempts to answer the question: is it possible journalism to fight fake news through a direct media battle?

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