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Przyjaźń domaga się rezygnacji. Kilka aspektów relacji między przyjaciółmi poruszonych w Biblii

Author(s): Janusz Nawrot / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2010

For Aristotle, the bond of a valuable friendship was created for the sake of its own value of giving friendship or the experience it furnishes, and not for the sake of expediency or the sheer joy of sharing friendship. A sustainable friendship basically finds its roots in what a human being is. Hence, it is loving rather than being loved that makes people real friends, ethically perfect. Biblical authors knew that a true friendship was difficult to obtain and that it could easily be lost. Thus, for their readers, to observe their advice means to obtain valuable hints and guidelines and to be protected from disillusionment. These guidelines had been drawn by them from the experience of everyday life, as a result of watching and drawing conclusions from what they saw following different man’s response to different situations. Might they have been victims to unjust action themselves, or had they committed something that made them feel ashamed, but kept that it in their mind as a warning to their prospective readers? Whatever the answer is, they managed to draw conclusions from the experience that, ultimately, could be helpful in making those who would perpetrate something that would hurt or kill a friendship repent.

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Sprawozdania i recenzje

Author(s): Piotr Szlufik,Franciszek Koenig,Mateusz Rafał Potoczny,Ryszard Kalamarz,Radosław Błaszczyk,Henryk Nadrowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 47/2016

Review of: Ks. Mateusz Potoczny - KAROL LITAWA, I riti propri del Papa celebrati nella Capella privata durante la Settimana Santa nei secoli XII e XIII, Rzym: Pontificio Istituto Liturgico 2014, 293 s., ISBN 978-83-62934-57-7. Ks. Mateusz Potoczny - GUIDO FUCHS, Weekend a liturgia. Między kościelną Tradycją a współczesnym przeżywaniem czasu, Kraków: „Homo Dei” 2014, 198 [1] s., ISBN 978-83-64451-14-0. Ks. Mateusz Potoczny - CZESŁAW KRAKOWIAK, Sakramentalia i błogosławieństwa w liturgii Kościoła (Prace Wydziału Teologii 167), Lublin: TN KUL Jana Pawła II 2015, 194 s., ISBN 978-83-7306-689-2. Ks. Mateusz Potoczny - MAREK CHMIELEWSKI, JANUSZ KRÓLIKOWSKI, Duchowość uczynków miłosierdzia. Materiały duszpasterskie na Jubileuszowy Rok Miłosierdzia (8 XII 2015–20 XI 2016) (Biblioteka Ostrobramska 5), Ostra Brama, Skarżysko-Kamienna: Sanktuarium Matki Bożej Ostrobramskiej 2015, 193 [3] s., ISBN 978-83-7847-300-8. Ks. Mateusz Potoczny - KAZIMIERZ MATWIEJUK, Triduum paschalne. Trzy noce Chrystusa zdradzonego i ukrzyżowanego, który zmartwychwstał, Siedlce: „Unitas” 2015, 249 [1] s., ISBN 978-83-61071-91-4. Ks. Mateusz Potoczny - WALDEMAR JAN PAŁĘCKI MSF, Pytanie o liturgię. Misterium liturgii w życiu Kościoła, przedm. Zbigniew Wit, Lublin: Wydaw. KUL 2015, 208 s., ISBN 978-83- 7702-956-5. Ks. Mateusz Potoczny - PIOTR ROSZAK, Mozarabowie i ich liturgia. Chrystologia rytu hiszpańsko-mozarabskiego, Toruń: Wydaw. Naukowe UMK 2015, 317 s., ISBN 978-83-231-3342-1. Ks. Mateusz Potoczny - GRZEGORZ ŚMIECIŃSKI, Liturgia po Soborze Watykańskim II w (archi)diecezji katowickiej, przedm. Andrzej Żądło, Katowice: „Emmanuel” 2015, 326 s., ISBN 978- 83-63757-88-5. Ks. Piotr Wiśniewski - IRENEUSZ PAWLAK, Laudes et Vesperae Dominicales. Chwalby Poranne (Jutrznia) i Nieszpory na niedziele okresu zwykłego z towarzyszeniem organowym, red. S. Garnczarski, Tarnów: Wydawnictwo Biblos 2015, 124 s., ISBN 978-83-7793-355-8. Ks. Piotr Wiśniewski - WIESŁAW HUDEK,PIOTR WIŚNIEWSKI, Cantare amantis est. Wieloautorska monografia naukowa z okazji 80. urodzin Ks. Prof. dr. hab. Ireneusza Pawlaka, Lublin: Wydawnictwo „Polihymnia” 2015, 615 s., ISBN 978-83 7847-253-7. Ks. Piotr Wiśniewski - TADEUSZ BRATKOWSKI, Officium divinum de tempore w rękopiśmiennych antyfonach zakonów benedyktyńskich w Polsce od XV do XIX wieku, Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego 2013, 336 s., ISBN 978-83-7338-894-9. Ks. Piotr Wiśniewski - Kasjodor (Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus), Institutiones musicae. Zasady muzyki, Z języka łacińskiego przełożył, wstępem i komentarzem opatrzył oraz słownik sporządził Lucjan Dyka, Rzeszów: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego 2015, ss. 209, ISBN 978-83-7996-173-3. Ks. Franciszek Koenig - MARIA SZYMANOWICZ, Polska bibliografia organów, t. II, Lublin: Wydawnictwo Muzyczne „Polihymnia” 2014, 479 s., ISBN 978-83-7847-241-4. Ks. Franciszek Koenig - GRZEGORZ POŹNIAK, Katalog organów diecezji opolskiej, cz. II (Z Dziejów Kultury Chrześcijańskiej na Śląsku 86), Opole: Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego UO 2015, 264 s., ISBN 978-83-63950-60-6. Ks. Franciszek Koenig - ANDRZEJ MIKOŁAJ SZADEJKO, Styl i interpretacja w utworach organowych Friedricha Christiana Mohrheima (1719?–1780) i Johanna Gottfrieda Müthela (1728–1788). Zagadnienia wykonawcze i stylistyczne muzyki organowej w regionie południowego Bałtyku w osiemnastym wieku, Gdańsk: Akademia Muzyczna im. Stanisława Moniuszki 2010, 310 s., płyta CD, ISBN 987-83-925967-6-9. Ks. Franciszek Koenig - GRZEGORZ POŹNIAK, Opolski krajobraz organowy, Opole: Diecezjalny Instytut Muzyki Kościelnej 2015, 95 s., ISBN 978-83-7342-474-6. Ks. Franciszek Koenig - PIOTR KULITA, Muzyka w sakramentach inicjacji chrześcijańskiej po Soborze Watykańskim II na podstawie obrzędów w języku polskim, Lublin: Wydawnictwo „Polihymnia” 2015, 338 s., ISBN 978-83-7847-254-4. Ks. Franciszek Koenig - GRZEGORZ POŹNIAK,PIOTR TARLINSKI (red.), Śląskie organy IV. Materiały z konferencji organoznawczej zorganizowanej przez Katedrę Muzyki Kościelnej i Wychowania Muzycznego Wydziału Teologicznego Uniwersytetu Opolskiego oraz Diecezjalny Instytut Muzyki Kościelnej w dniu 18 marca 2015 (Sympozja 87), Opole: Redakcja Wydawnictw Wydziału Teologicznego UO 2015, 317 s., ISBN 978-83- 63950-57-6. Ks. Piotr Szlufik SDB HIERONIM CHAMSKI,MIROSŁAW WYSZOGRODZKI SDB (opr.), Tobie Panie zaufałem. Akompaniamenty, Płock: Wydawnictwo „Hejnał” 2015, 222 s., ISMN 979-0- 801-501-31-8. Ks. Piotr Szlufik SDB - MIROSŁAW WYSZOGRODZKI SDB (wybór i opr.), Śpiewy religijne. Towarzyszenia organowe, Płock: Wydawnictwo „Hejnał” 2015, 417 [3] s., ISMN M-979-0-801501-23-3.

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Jüdische Legenden in der Historiographie des Karmeliterordens zwischen 1240 und 1696 - Zwei Beispiele zur Jonas- und Elijas-Tradition.

Author(s): Piotr Nyk / Language(s): Polish,German Issue: 1/2014

Jewish Legends and old rabbinical Traditions could be find in the Hystoriography of the Carmelite Order. In its Beginnings in Europe the Legends served to defend the biblical Identity of the Order. The Article deals with a Study about two Examples of Jewish Legends: 1. Jonah as the Son of the Widow, 2. Elijahs Water-Miracle (10 Springs Gushing from his Fingers).

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Nowe filmy biblijne – między ortodoksją a apokryfem

Author(s): Marek Lis / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Although biblical movies could be considered an almost defunct genre, television and cinema audiences in the first years of the 21st century are discovering a new interest of producers, motivated more by the desire for profit than by religious reasons. Among films, modern audiovisual apocrypha, we can observe new tendencies: animated feature films aimed at large family audiences, the appearance of a “professional Jesus” (Bruce Marchiano), and the tendency to put the figure of historical Jesus in modern ahistorical situations and in racial contexts (black Jesus).

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Król Saul jako przykład osoby chorej psychicznie w Starym Testamencie

Author(s): Klaudia Rosińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2016

Mental illnesses are an enormous problem in the contemporary world. An increasing number of people suffer with psychiatric disorders and almost every family has members with some such difficulty. This dissertation presents an analysis of the mental state of Saul, the first king of Israel. Saul’s case is certainly complex, and simultaneously provides a greater certainty of the first king of Israel’s psychological problems. Three illnesses appear to be most likely in his case: schizophrenia, a delusional syndrome, or bipolar disorder. Three criteria have been adopted to make a better identification of the illness that affected Saul. The first criterion is related to the subject’s age at the onset of symptoms. This criterion eliminated schizophrenia as the first symptoms of Saul’s illness appeared after he was thirty, which does not usually occur in cases of schizophrenia. The second criterion pertains to the type of delusions experienced by Saul. They were paranoid, relatively logical and without hallucinations. This type of delusion attests to the likelihood that Saul suffered from paranoid syndrome. The final criterion is related to the changeability of the king’s behaviour. Consequently, it revealed that the changes were not significant enough to be identified as a bipolar affective disorder. Since a direct confrontation with the patients and observation of their behaviour is impossible, these considerations are only an analysis of symptoms described in the Bible. It is unknown how accurately they were described by the author, and thus a diagnosis cannot be certain in the end. The case of Saul also reveals that rejection and isolation are at the foundation of psychological illnesses. The risk of mental illnesses significantly increases in the contemporary world when so many people do not feel accepted or loved.

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Pozorny smutek sprawiedliwego w Księdze Mądrości

Author(s): Marcin Zieliński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2016

The article analyzes the issue of the suffering of a righteous man in the part I of the Book of Wisdom. It is often treated by the exegetes as a sad reality that affects the just, yet after a careful analysis it turns out to be apparent. The text’s analysis shows that the author intentionally avoids joining suffering with life of the just, and emphasizes that a pious, virtuous life and divine providence defends the just against suffering. The only case of suffering experienced by the just (Wis 8,9) is considered as the result of mistakes of which there is no one to be free, even a sage. Suffering can be removed by enacting the instruction of wisdom, which reveals herself not as a comforter but as the one who respects and teaches. The article also suggests the influence of the stoic thoughts which portrays the just as a true sage who lives virtuously and consequently, does not suffer.

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Biblijne obrazy nieba w późnej liryce Juliusza Słowackiego. Kilka uwag badawczych

Author(s): Monika Kulesza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2016

This article is dedicated to the poetic images of heaven in the late poetry of Juliusz Słowacki. Until now, researchers used to relate these images and interpret them in the context of the “Genesis” philosophy of the poet. Meanwhile, it is worth noting that the late Słowacki’s lyrics, not intended for publication, show quite different pictures of heaven which seem to be similar to those in the Bible and standing somewhat in contradiction to the Genesis philosophy.

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Eklezja siostrzana a realizm Kościoła partykularnego

Author(s): Jarosław Moskałyk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 23/2016

Every celebrations connected with baptism, including current rounds 1050 – of anniversary in Poland, should remind everyone baptized about their participation in the universal and endless value. Next membership in determined community, being real reflecting the baptismal nude, is supposed also to support tightening bonds between different options religious. Today it is possible to talk about the fact that in Poland since the certain time a completely different model already started prevailing of inside Catholic and inside Christian relations.

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Egzegeza Mt 28,16-20 z hebrajskiej wersji Ewangelii wg św. Mateusza (shemtob)

Author(s): Piotr Goniszewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2015

The following article is an analysis of Mt 28,16-20 of the Hebrew version of the Gospel according to St. Matthew (ShemTob). The first chapter contains an original Hebrew text and Polish translation of Mt 28,16-20. The second one shows the literary structure of this fragment and the problem of the origin of MtShemTob. The main section contains a commentary on MtShemTob 28,16-20. It seems to suggest that the object of the apostolic ministry of the twelve disciples of Jesus should be only Jews.

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Znaczenie terminu „ciężar” (baros) w Nowym Testamencie

Author(s): Tadeusz Knut / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2015

This article contains the analysis of the word “burden” (gr. baros) in the biblical texts of the New Testament. The phrase is used in different contexts and grammatical forms. Four points of the biblical texts were discussed to show the meaning of “burden” in the literal and moral sense. The texts reflect on the burden connected with the human work and his psychophysical condition. The burden has also an eschatological meaning and is present in all works connected to the Christian faith in God, observance of the Law, defense of the faith and the apostolic mission of St. Paul. The summary also reflects on the use of this word by John Paul II in his homily in Gdansk in 1988 during the third pilgrimage to Poland.

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Meaning and function of the Sign of Jonah in Matthew 12:38-42 and 16:1-4

Author(s): Beate Kowalski / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2015

The article deals with particular texts that are not limited to the resurrection narratives in Matt 28. In what follows we will have a close look at Matthew’s understanding of Jonah’s sign. What did he mean with the sign of Jonah? Did Matthew understand it in terms of resurrection? And if so, did he follow examples of the past? Why did he mention the sign of Jonah in this particular context of his composition?

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Mojżesz, Jozue i Amalekici. Nowe spojrzenie na Wj 17,8-16 w kontekście współczesnych badań nad powstaniem Pięcioksięgu

Author(s): Janusz Lemański / Language(s): Polish Issue: 22/2015

The article tries to evaluate the contemporary proposal of reading Ex 17,8-16. The way of the presentation of a relation between Amalekites and Jhwh tells us that Amalekites are the model enemies of Israel. Moreover, the role of the rod of God, Moses, Aaron, Hur and Joshua let us think that the text had been developed when the traditions of Pentateuch and the historical books of the Old Testament were combined together.

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Spiritualizirani komunizam: komentar uz Krležinu reviziju kršćanske ortodoksije (od Legende /1914. i 1933./ prema Chestertonu)

Author(s): Leo Rafolt / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 09+12/2016

Prva Krležina tiskom objavljena drama, Legenda, ujedno je i prvi njegov objavljeni književni tekst. Kao drama u nastavcima, izlazila je u Književnim novostima Milana Marjanovića, u prva četiri broja 1914, i sam ju je autor namjeravao objaviti u sklopu »biblijskog ciklusa« u knjizi pod naslovom Legenda. No, tu će dramu Krleža ipak premjestiti u nedovršeni ciklus o gigantskim ličnostima europske povijesti, Isusu, Kolumbu, Michelangelu, Kantu i Goyi, da bi je, naposljetku, 1933. otisnuo u izmijenjenoj verziji u knjizi drama, ponovno pod naslovom Legende, no s posve drugim izborom dramskih tekstova.

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Spotkanie tradycji ze współczesnością w Psalmach króla Dawida w przekładzie Bohdana Drozdowskiego

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Spotkanie tradycji ze współczesnością w Psalmach króla Dawida w przekładzie Bohdana Drozdowskiego

Author(s): Danuta Kowalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 01/2017

The aim of this paper is to analyse the phraseological layer of the poetic paraphrase of The Psalter in Bohdan Drozdowski’s translation. Published in 2008, King David’s Psalms are an interesting example of dynamic equivalence in the area of translation. They also make an attempt at finding, at the level of the system of the Polish language, specifi c syntactic, semantic and stylistic equivalents of the same values as the original Hebrew text. The purpose of the conducted analyses is to answer the question whether, and to what extent, Bohdan Drozdowski retains the layer of traditional phrases, which are associated with the Psalter style. To what extent his poetic paraphrase breaks with the Polish tradition of translation, which has been developing since the Middle Ages, and to what extent it has remained faithful to it. In Bohdan Drozdowski’s paraphrase, traditional biblical phrases are intermingled with Polish idioms that are abundant with marked colloquial lexis and expressive formations, which permits the conclusion that although the poet wanted to modernise Psalms and adapt them to the mentality and sensitivity of the modern reader, he did so while protecting the layer of traditional phrases. This layer, although slightly depleted in comparison to traditional translations, is noticeable and penetrates deep into the text of the translation, becoming, so to speak, a basis for the innovative ideas of the translator. This intended coexistence of lexical and phraseological layers that are so stylistically and genetically varied is a characteristic feature of the paraphrase in question. In this multitude of voices, the voice of many epochs can be heard, which seems to be emphasised by the timeless character of the Psalter, visible in the Polish language since the mediaeval times. This means that Bohdan Drozdowski’s paraphrase links, as it were, the old times and the modern times and becomes a meeting place of the tradition and the present day.

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ILENCFALVI SZÁSZ GERŐ (1831–1904) KÉZIRATOS HAGYATÉKÁNAK FELDOLGOZÁSA

Author(s): Miklós Geréb / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

Szász Gerő was one of the most determining figures of the Transylvanian Re-formed Church during the last quarter of the 19th century. He was dean in Ko-lozsvár, editor of the Prédikátori Tár (an omnibus volume of 35 Transylvanian preachers) and also editor of Erdélyi Protestáns Közlöny (the main, official newspaper of Transylvanian Reformed Church at that time.) Later he was elected vice bishop, and he stood very close to becoming even bishop of the church. His career, unfortunately, was broken when he lost the reliance of bishop Szász Domokos. He also wrote many poems, however, by publishing them, he never scored full marks from critics. We can admire his portrait also looking to the statue of King Matthew in Kolozsvár, since one of the king’s captains was modelled by Szász Gerő. We can find his manuscripts at the Central Archives of Transylvanian Reformed Church under mark „F2”.This short essay aims to introduce how many and what kind of sermons we can find between Szász Gerő’s manuscripts and to show the circumstances of their formation, and the author’s attitude to bible-passages has used.

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HOGYAN LEHETETLENÍTSÜNK EL ANYAGILAG EGY KOLLÉGIUMOT? – A NAGYENYEDI REFORMÁTUS KOLLÉGIUM CSŐDJÉNEK OKAI AZ 1870-ES ÉVEKBEN –

Author(s): Olga Lukács / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

In the time following the revolution, the Nagyenyed College (Main Study Institution) rose just like a phoenix and, because of good organization, in the 1860s it has gained fame once again. In 1868, however, another turn of events put an end to its good financial situation and recovery. This event had a great impact on the future development of pastors’ education. So much so that the turn of events itself brought into question the survival of the institution and its competence in theological education. To keep track of the presented events, a brief description of the economic situation, the supervision and the operation of the Main Study Institution is needed.In Transylvanian Reformed schools the supervision of the church district was carried out by the School Leadership Board made up of the curators and the school teachers. Within the limits of religious legislation, the Board had disposal of all school income. Each year, this body presented a report on the school’s financial situation to the Church District Administrative Council. Property sale or acquisition was only possible with the consent of this Council.From the revolution to 1868, a church district trustee – the so called inspector-curator –, Ferenc Fosztó handled the financial affairs of the college alone, the school leadership having little to say in the matter.After 1868, a teacher – the so called inspector-professor –, Dániel Kasza took over handling the financial situation of the school. Apart from the current affairs, Kasza handled all matters with the consent of the School Board, having to report to it. In the period of Dániel Kasza the financial situation of the college flourished. Without lessening the school’s capital, three new teachers’ homes were built, teachers’ salaries were raised, new departments were created, the best students could go abroad on scholarships, new properties and agricultural equipment was bought. However, following Kasza’s death, no teacher wanted to take on the work that he has done with great commitment, for free. In this period, wasting and selfishness has grown to such proportions that the college was on the brink of financial collapse.The study presents those events which lead to the near bankruptcy of the Nagyenyed College by 1879. It presents the debates and lawsuits, which were proven to be barren initiatives and in the end, no one could be held accountable.During the stormy debates on the financial situation of the Nagyenyed College, the Ferencz József University was established and solidified in Kolozsvár (Cluj). These two facts highly influenced the new dilemma of the next two decades, which, apart from the financial collapse of the Nagyenyed College, aimed at moving the education of Reformed pastors to Cluj. As a final closure of the debate, pastors’ education was finally moved to Cluj in 1895.

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ZSARNAY LAJOS TEOLÓGIÁJA

Author(s): Marianna Bátoriné Misák / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

Zsarnay’s theological thinking was eclectic. Even though he considered supranaturalism the only valid direction, still the interpretations of several doctrines bear the theology and formulation of Schleiermacher. He made it obvious that the views of rationalism are far from his views, and still, according to some suppositions, its doctrines can be found also in his formulations. He was not familiar with the Hungarian line of the theological liberalism, but it doesn’t mean that the German liberal thinking did not reach him. But according to our convictions, these views were far from him. He was looking for his own path, while he was open, but also critical towards the theological thinking of his time.

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„A MAGA KÉPÉRE...” – MISSZIONÁRIUSOK FOTOGRÁFIÁI MINT AZ EGYHÁZTÖRTÉNET FORRÁSAI

Author(s): Károly Zsolt Nagy / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

„The picture speaks for itself” – says the proverb, but how do we hear what it says and how do we understand its words? We are now in the age of visual information where visual content plays a role in every part of life. But we do not spend enough time looking at the pictures in detail. We spend a flash of time with them, and the pictures do not affect our consciousness, but our emotions. From this follows the question of how can we, as social scientists extract the contents of the photos? How can a photo be the source of the church history? This essay cannot, of course, give a perfect answer to the question, but it gives a brief introduction to the so-called „skills of visual literacy”, based on some photography relevant to Church history.

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MIRŐL ÁLMODIK A LELKIPÁSZTOR? TELEGDI T. ISTVÁN ALPESTESI LELKÉSZ ÁLOMFELJEGYZÉSEI

Author(s): Sándor Előd Ősz / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

The study deals with the description of the dreams of a Reformed pastor who worked at the beginning of the 17th century. In the episcopal library of Székesfehérvár can be found one issue from the 1590 edition of Andreas Hondroff's work with the title Theatrum Historicum... We know a few possessors of this book: András Keczeli dominie in Tövis, Gábor Csernátoni pastor in Marosillye then in Alpestes and István Telegdi T. pastor also in Alpestes. On the book Gábor Csernátoni wrote the birth date of his children and István Telegdi wrote down ten of his dreams. The description of these dreams contains numerous cultural aspects and details about the mentality of that period – in three dreams figures Gábor Bethlen prince of Transylvania and in one the widow of the Moldavian prince, Marcu Cercel.

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AZ OXFORD GROUP MOZGALOM RECEPCIÓJA A KIRÁLYHÁGÓMELLÉKI SAJTÓBAN.ADALÉKOK A KRE TÖRTÉNETÉHEZ

Author(s): József Pálfi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2017

The interwar period brought multiple challenges at every level to the newly formed Királyhágómellék Reformed Church District. After World War I, the district faced challenges to fill a given frame with a proper content. Establishing church institutions on various levels and structuring internal mission were of highest priorities. The Oxford Group came as a new internal mission element to revitalise the Church, besides traditional approaches. However, the promoter of the organization failed to provide the Group a wider recognition. This study reveals the background of his efforts.

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