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The goal of the paper is to denote the fundamental questions and problems of the (anthropological) interpretation of post socialism, commencing from its initial moment, that is, the identification of the event that indicates the establishment of transition as a social, political and cultural process. After assessing the circumstances of interpreting transition as a change of a global nature, particular consideration will be focused upon the local: how, principally in the Croatian social and humanist sciences, the question of "shift" is being reproduced considering the idiosyncrasies of the Yugoslav socialism.
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Unlike other transitional milieus, countries of the former Yugoslavia have had contact with privately owned business in their pre transitional period, i.e. in the era that preceded their economic, social and cultural transformation into capitalism. Private entrepreneurs in Serbia have always had a unique status from a legal, social, and culturally cognitive position. In the essay, preconditions and motives, through a cultural conceptualization viewpoint, are discussed.
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The process of privatization, in other words the transformation of the former state owned, into private property, represents an element of the "transitional package" that brings about expectations of procurement for the ex-socialist societies into a state of "new economic normality" that is, in today’s societies and economy, represented by liberal capitalism. In the examination and analysis of the privatization through the economic, governing and expert milieus, this process is frequently situated in the context of economic and political study. In doing that, the investigation of the social and cultural implications of the process that stems from privatization representing not only a modification of the ownership structure, but a complex process in which there is an encounter of the different business and organizational cultures of "east" and " west", and through which they are subject to a reexamination and revision of some of the basic cultural categories, such as time, the idea of a person, concept of production, labor, as well as the questions of responsibility, freedom, creativity, independence, is recurrently being disregarded. From such a perspective, that is pursued by many anthropologists who deal with post-socialist countries, it comes about that privatization will foster, not only, a novel mode of ownership and a new breed of business, but primarily, a new category of social individuals, that are expected to epitomize the new economic and social order, in which they are successfully integrated, so as to reproduce it. In other words, the "disciplining" of the manufacturers, is intrinsically linked to the transformation of the logic of economy that is based upon the"independent consumer" that twists privatization into an ambiance in which questions of responsibility, choice, freedom and coercion, are discussed and negotiated. In this paper such queries will be inspected through a privatization of a local brewery in 2003, by a known, but not a leading world beer and beverage producer.
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The acknowledgement of post socialism as a specific culture that rose upon the remnants of the political and social system of Eastern Europe and Asia, was until the 90's, a marker of Western anthropological theory, as well as its ethnographic terrain. The proliferation of such a anthropological paradigm was frequently executed undermining the local practices. They were perceived as uninformed or nationalistic, and in the case of the Balkans, even indirectly responsible for the war and ethnic cleansing. Such denial of the local discourse, on the other hand has unlocked a contradiction through which it is perceived that the socijalist matrix was responsible for nationalism, even dough it was based upon class, and not a national identity. But such a paradox is a product of a more fundamental anthropological embeddedness in the Enlightenment etiquette that was built into the foundations of anthropology. Negation of the practices of others, and the introduction of "rational, better, more informed and advanced", is a precondition for the formation of the other in anthropology. Even if it seems that in the anthropology of post socialism we perceive a reinvention of such Enlightenment/colonial discourse, it can be exposed through the examples of the Dalmacija depiction by Albert Fortiss and Ivan Lovric that such development commenced long before, almost at the dawn of anthropology in Eastern Europe.
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The paper deals with complex problems in addressing the adverse housing situation of the Roma population in Košice. After World War II, part of the city known as the gypsy camp under Moldavská way found itself in an extremely exposed position at the entrance to the city. Arrival the amount of working class from rural areas with extensive construction and urbanization ratios further deepen. Numerous Roma growth was evident. Housing problems are addressed through an allocation of older apartments, phasing out the huts in the camp and fi nally focusing on specifi c Roma settlement. The idea of a separate settlement originated in the mid-60s, in 1970, the planned housing units was not built. Another intention of anticipated settlement was in the area Myslava with lower standard family houses. Because of the high costs the concept of prefabricated houses gallery type was born. The government in 1976 refused to deal with Roma housing in specifi c neighbourhoods. Council city national committee nevertheless approved the construction of Luník IX without a specifi c focus. The construction was carried out in late 1970s, several policies were processed recall procedure Roma families from the camp as well as the old city, according to various streets. In 1981 began the history of Luník IX, its ethnic ghettoization with disastrous consequences to the present.
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Despite the diplomatic, military and political defeat of the Greater Serbia project of Slobodan Milose-vic's regime, despite the fact that he is answering to the international tribunal today for crimes commit-ted in his conduct, crimes involving genocide in Bosnia, myths created by Milosevic's propaganda in an attempt to conceal their tracks, they survived in significant parts of the Serbian public to this day.
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The aim of the article is to analyze the activity and ideological foundations of Ukrainian right-wing parties, on the basis of a case study of two such parties: Svoboda and Right Sector. The author concludes that the Ukrainian right-wing organizations consistently support Ukraine’s integration with the rest of Europe, seeing in that endeavor a guarantee of freedom and independence for Ukraine. The Ukrainian right-wing parties draw ideologically from the Ukrainian national traditions and the legacy of the Ukrainian independence movement that inscribes itself into a larger European tradition.
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The ways in witch advertising uses folklore motifs are rather varied and interesting. In this article, we first clarify what the essence of advertising is at a theoretical level, who it is aimed at, what is presented and how it is presented, and of course, also who orders the advertisement. This synthesizing theoretical introduction is necessary in order to fully understand the differences between audio advertising, visual and audio-visual presentation, as well as how contemporary advertising permeates the media environment including Internet and social networks. Also significant is the psychological effect on the costumers, which uses a number of traditional stereotypes and expected behaviour patterns. Subsequently, we will look in more detail at the role of folklore and especially folklore narratives in advertising, including its changes in the last century, which we will illustrate with two specific examples. The next part of the article consists of an analysis of two contemporary advertising campaigns with dominant folklore motifs in the Czech media environment (Equa bank and Seznam.cz), in which we show in detail the way they communicate with the costumer, the folklore stereotypes used and the comments of the clients and creators of these advertisements regarding the expected effect of the campaign.
More...Marek Jakoubek, Vladimir Penčev. Češi a Slováci v Bulharsku: Příspěvky ke studiu české, slovenské a československé krajanské přítomnosti v bulharských zemích. Praha: Centrum pro studium demokracie a kultury, 2022, 216 с. 978-80-732 5548-0
Book review
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