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U ovom poglavlju ukratko će biti predstavljen period od početka Prvog svjetskog rata do početka Drugog svjetskog rata u Jugoslaviji 1941. godine u kontekstu djelovanja žena. Na samom početku dat je kratak pregled historijsko-društvenih okolnosti, a nakon toga prikaz ženskog udruživanja, prava za koja su se zalagale te faktora koji su otežavali ili donekle olakšavali njihovo djelovanje. Također je dat osvrt na ekonomska, socijalna, obrazovna, građanska i ostala prava žena u ovom periodu, kao i na prilike u književnosti i pozorišnoj umjetnosti. U ovom poglavlju se prilikama u Prvom svjetskom ratu gotovo uopće ne bavimo uslijed nedostatka literature o tom periodu. Kako ne želimo da vrijeme izbriše i njihove biografije i doprinose, na kraju poglavlja navodimo sasvim kratko informacije o njihovom životu i radu, unaprijed žaleći što mnoge žene ovog perioda ni na stranicama ove knjige neće naći svoje mjesto.
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This chapter will briefly present the period from the beginning of World War I to the beginning of World War II in Yugoslavia in 1941 in the context of women’s activism. At the beginning it offers a brief overview of historical and social circumstances followed by an overview of women’s association, the rights for which they advocated and the factors that trammelled or, to some extent, facilitated their activity. It also gives an overview of the economic, social, educational, civil, and other rights of women in this period, as well as the atmosphere in literature, theatre and the arts. Unfortunately, many of these women have been forgotten by history, remembered only in small circles and archives. In order to preserve their biographies and contributions from fading away over time, at the end of the chapter we offer brief information about their life and work, regretting in advance that even in the pages of this book, many of the women from this period will not find their place.
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How could it happen that a priest took the role of StB collaborator? Cardinal Miloslav Vlk sees the failure of some clergymen in the lack of personal loyalty and personal relationship to Christ: If you have a “looser” character, you always somehow justify it: this is still acceptable, there could be someone even worse instead of me, and a thousand similar justifications. If you don’t choose God and the will of God radically and you mix it with what is human, it ends up like this. [...] They wanted to save the Church for the Lord, none of them did it as something evil; when making decisions, everyone looked for the positive things that such cooperation might bring, accentuated that too much, and put the negative aside. Those who think soberly see it differently. Those who are not faithful to the path of God may lose their way. [...] Unfortunately, this shows that ordination is not enough and that life based on this sacrament is also necessary.
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On 15 June 2013 the St. Thomas Church on the Moravian Square in Brno witnessed a large and solemn ceremony – a requiem for Zdeněk Rotrekl, a literary historian, critic, journalist and above all poet, a witness of truth, which in the “order of things” of the previous regime also meant a political prisoner. He died at the age of nearly ninety-three years – a doyen of not only Catholic poets, imprisoned by the communists right after seizing power at the end of the 1940s to intimidate the whole intellectual community. The remarkable terrestrial pilgrimage of a remarkable man ended at the St. Thomas Church in Brno – in the same place where Rotrekl was baptized in the early 1920s. His life story introduced the supernal order.
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Out of thousands of Czechoslovak citizens imprisoned in the Soviet Union, only a few experienced the first Soviet concentration camp on the Solovetsky Islands. Among them was the teacher Jiří Bezděk. His imprisonment on the dreaded “Solovki” was only one painful episode in his life journey full of hardship that led through Soviet labour camps and Siberian exile to prisons in communist Czechoslovakia.
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The State Security Service officers – including the main directorate of the intelligence – stored the acquired or created operative materials in different kinds of dossiers and files, based on their focus and importance. Materials on institutions of interest in terms of state security or intelligence, which were the subject of the operative interest of the intelligence (e.g., central authorities in countries of interest, headquarters and offices of enemy intelligence agencies, political parties, exile organizations, ideological diversion centres, etc.) were stored in what was called “dossiers on subjects of interest”. These dossiers contained documents and materials related to the “elaboration” of the institution in question, such as reports on the bases of persons of interest, including photographs. Within their individual parts, i.e. thematic sub-files and sub-files of persons being “elaborated” (types), later persons of interest (agent types and enemy individuals), materials acquired via agents or another manner were gradually accumulated.
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