„Stracone pokolenie” i kryzys tożsamości ukraińskich dipisów w powieści Enej ta žyttia inšyh Jurija Kosača

Author(s): Lidia Stefanowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2021

Yurii Kosach Poet, writer, and dramatist; nephew of Lesia Ukrainka; grandson of Olena Pchilka. After graduating from the Academic Gymnasium of Lviv, Kosach studied law at Warsaw University. He began publishing short stories in student newspapers in 1927. Between 1928 and 1929 he published most of his works in the nationalist journal Literaturno-naukovyi vistnyk edited by Dmytro Dontsov after he had broken off his relations with Dontsov in 1929. After the war he lived in displaced persons camps in Germany and was an active member of the writers’ organization MUR. In 1949 he immigrated to the United States. By far the largest and most interesting body of work is Kosach’s prose, written prior to his emigration to the United States and then in the last decade of his life, first of all Enei ta zhyttia inshykh (Aeneas and the Lives of Others, 1947) where he argued the issues of new Ukrainian culture with so called “lost generation”.

TERCJARZE ŚW. FRANCISZKA Z ASYŻU W DIECEZJI CHEŁMIŃSKIEJ I GDAŃSKIEJ OD POŁOWY XIX WIEKU DO 1992 ROKU

Author(s): Mirosław Kuczkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 118/2022

The present study attempts to show the movement of the Tertiary in two of the dioceses: Chełm and Gdańsk. The chronological range of the work covers the period between the second half of the nineteenth century up to the twentieth century, when in 1992 the Polish church was administratively reorganised. The Third Order of Saint Francis from Assisi, nowadays known as the Franciscan Lay Order, has existed since the eighth century. Its basis has been penitential movements. The influence of Francis of Assisi together with his followers made the penitential groups more secular. In the Third Order there were people of various alliances, clergy, kings, the poor and the rich. Over the centuries, the Church has recognised almost 300 Tertiaries. The Franciscan Tertiary has been active in Pomerania for many centuries. One of the first congregations of the Third Order of Saint Francis of Assisi in Chełm diocese was the community from Wejherowo (1862) and the first community from The Free City of Gdańsk (before the Gdańsk diocese was established) was the congregation at Holy Trinity Parish in Gdańsk Oliwa. The most dynamic time for the development of the Tertiary movement was the interwar period (1918-1939). After World War II the movement weakened, one reason for it being the greater power of the communists relative to that of the Church in Poland.

Obiceiuri și credințe premaritale în sate argeșene

Author(s): Gerard Călin / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 35/2021

This paper addresses some aspects regarding the practice of premarital customs in the villages from Argeș County, during 1880-1950. Most of these ancestral traditions were practiced by girls and boys on the verge of marriage, with the precise purpose of finding a suitable partner. Marital rituals took place during the holidays that marked the end of the year, and varied depending on the specifics of rural communities and the imagination and power of representation of the to be married actors.

Teodor M. Popescu (1893-1973)

Author(s): Adrian Nicolae Petcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3-4/2021

One of the greatest theologians that Romanian Orthodoxy had in the 20th century was Teodor M. Popescu, professor of Church History at the Faculty of Theology in Bucharest. Before and during the Second World War, Professor T. M. Popescu took a stand against the persecution to which Russian believers in the Soviet Union were subjected. He wrote studies and articles, gave lectures, and went to Winitza to witness the exhumation of those killed by the secret Soviet police. Later, after the installation of the communist regime in Romania, all these constituted accusations that attracted an unjust conviction at the end of the `50s.

Д. Косев. Външната политика на България при управлението на Андрей Ляпчев. 1926–1931. София, Академично издателство „Проф. М. Дринов“, 1995. 223 c.

Author(s): Rumyana Parvanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1996

Book Review

„Третата сцена“ на германската външна политика (1933–1945)

Author(s): Elena Boyadjieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/1996

A new stage in the history of German foreign cultural policy began with the coming of National Socialism to power. Although being the “third stage” in the framework of foreign policy, it made a doubtless contribution both in the sphere of cultural exchange and in the realization of the foreign policy and economic links of the Reich. The effectiveness of culture, distinguished by indirect but delicate lasting influence, was property evaluated by the Nazi foreign policy centres. The system was innovated and restructured on an enourmous scale, in tune with the new tactics and the new objectives. The network of institution was expanded with the Ministry of Propaganda (1933), the Ministry for Science, National Education (1934) and the Foreign Policy Service of the Nazi party (1933). Headed respectively by Goebbels, Rust and Rosenberg, they interfered grossly interfered in cadre diplomacy. A reorganization took place also in the Cultural Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1936. Its renaming to Cultural-political had to show the world the strong link between culture and politics in the conditions of New Germany. In view of the paramount importance of the spread of the language was set up a specialized Language Department which operated in co-operation with the German Academy in Munich, with its lectureships abroad and with the local Goethe institutes. Second place in importance was occupied by the communications in the sphere of higher education and science. Two separate departments were responsible for them, and Goebbels and Rosenberg expressed categorical claims to their territory of influence. The strong ideological colouring of the institutions headed by them, however, did not predispose foreign partners in their favour. The reorganization also affected the relatively independent bilateral cultural societies. Having discovered in them a flexible means of the presence of the Reich in foreign cultural life, it centralized their activity and placed them under the supervision of the Alliance of the Inter-state Unions and Organizations. Increasingly the “third stage” of German foreign policy was turning into a convenient manoeuvring ground of which were played the moves of the cultural-political “offensive” of the Third Reich.

60 години духовно средище в Югозападна България

Author(s): Nikolay Gizdov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/1996

Trójpodział czy jednolitość, czyli o tym jak zmieniał się model organizacji państwa w polskich konstytucjach

Author(s): Jakub Sromecki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2021

The subject of the article is an analysis of the provisions of four Polish Constitutions adopted in the 20th century, with regard to the model of the organization of state power defined in them, which is implemented by adopting one of the two principles, respectively the principle of the tripartite division of powers or the principle of uniformity of power. The author first presents the essence of each of these two principles. Then he offers a comparative analysis, divided into two parts. In the first part, the author compares the Constitution of 1935 with the Constitution of 1952, which both applied the principle of uniformity of power. Whereas, in the second part, he compares the Constitution of 1921 with the Constitution of 1997, which applied the principle of the tripartite division of powers. The analysis is aimed at presenting and as a result, showing that in the case of adopting the same principle – the tripartite division of powers or uniformity of power by two different constitutions, certain differences are visible in its formulation and practical application.

Konstytucja marcowa a realia polskiej sceny politycznej i sytuacji geopolitycznej II Rzeczypospolitej

Author(s): Justyna Telenga / Language(s): Polish Issue: 10/2021

March Constitution had been enacted at first of June on 1921. The fundamental purpose of this article is to present the main problems occurred in polish society, government and economy over a spen of several years 1921–1926. The main question is how the Constitution was adjusted to governmental ideas and social expectations. Analyzing the ruling articles of Constitution, position of governmental parties, social propensity and geopolitical tensions the author reply to above-mention question. The ending of the article provides an encapsulating of all the consideration

INTERNACIONALA OMLADINE - CENTRALNI ORGAN IK KIM-A O OMLADINSKOM POKRETU U JUGOSLAVIJI 1936-1941.

Author(s): Dubravka Škarica / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 6/1970

U toku čitavog međuratnog perioda bile su uspostavljene trajne veze između Saveza komunističke omladine Jugoslavije i Komunističke internacionale mladih, stvorene na Osnivačkom kongresu KIM-a 20. novembra 1919. godine u Berlinu.

Etapy ewolucji polskiego prawa wykroczeń

Author(s): Aleksandra Krawczyk-Wojciechowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 14/2021

Recently, Marcin Łyska published a monograph entitled Prawo wykroczeń Polski Ludowej [The Law of Misdemeanors of the Polish People’s Republic] (Białystok 2020, pp. 136). Łyska begins his reflections in 1918. He presents the French system with the tripartite division of crimes (felonies, misdemeanours, and petty offences), the Austrian system, and the German system. The Polish codification of the substantive law of offences of 11 July 1932 was the result of many years of scientific debate by the members of the Criminal Department of the Codification Commission of the Second Republic of Poland. The introduction of the socialist model of penal and administrative jurisprudence began with the act of 20 March 1950. On the other hand, the pre-war mandate and prescriptive procedures were preserved in an unchanged form. The final codification of the law of misdemeanors of the Polish People’s Republic took place on May 20, 1971. The provisions of some of the acts analyzed here are still in force today. The third stage of the codification of the law on misdemeanors took place in the Third Polish Republic.

Praca wychowawcza z dziewczętami wykluczonymi społecznie – w ujęciu bł. Marii Karłowskiej (1865–1935)

Author(s): Katarzyna Wasilewska-Ostrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 7/2021

This text presents the concept of education developed by Blessed Maria Karłowska (1865–1935). The foundress of the Congregation of the Shepherds of Divine Providence worked all her life with socially excluded people, especially girls and young women who were prostitutes. She established care and educational centers for them, where, together with her colleagues, she helped them to overcome their life crises. Several important assumptions can be distinguished in the educational system introduced by Karłowska. First of all, the social and moral development of the pupil was important. Much emphasis was placed on apprenticeship and work. Education to freedom, independence, and citizenship was also a priority, which was based on the assumptions of the pedagogy of dialogue and love. The educators had to show patience and understanding, work on the resources of the charges, and also prevent risky behaviors. Despite the passage of time, this concept has not lost its importance as it is based on universal values that are fundamental in educational work with young people at risk of social exclusion.

POLITIČKO ORGANIZOVANJE GRAFIČKIH RADNIKA BIH 1903-1941. GODINE

Author(s): Budimir Miličić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 10/2/1974

The Political Organizing of the Graphic Workers of The Conceptual differentiation of the forces among graphic workers in Bosnia and Herzegovina began pretty early, so that till 1907 four main streams were differentiated among them: socialdemocrats, syndicalists, Craoatian nationalists and Serbian nationalists. A bitter struggle was led among them for the leadership in the Typographic society of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in the struggle with socialdemocrats syndicalists and nationalist united, which enabled them to keep social government for themselves till 1911, when socialdemocrats became the leading party in the Society.

Създаване на Народното социално движение

Author(s): Dimitrina Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1995

From the end of the 20s the Democratic Accord was in a crisis, while the defeat in the parliamentary election and the fall from office (June 1931) caused a veritable tremor in the party. The fights among the groups, existing in it (democrats, populists, radicals, progressists, the military and former members of the Popular Accord) intensified. The group of A. Tsankov (Popular Accord) stood out; it called for a strong administration, intervention by the State in economic life and revival of nationalism. A. Tsankov aspired to be the leader of the party.After repeated postponements, in May 1932 was convened the first congress of the Democratic Accord which ended with the split of the organization. Actually two congresses sat: of the Tsankovists, and of all the others. The Congress of the Tsankovists proclaimed the formation of the Democratic Accord with A. Tsankov as its chairman (Blue Accord, from 1935 on - Popular Social Movement). The resolution-platform of the congress contained points similar to the ideas of a corporate state: authoritative and competent power, rejection of parliamentarism and local self-government, involvement of representatives of the economic circles in shaping economic policy etc. The new party expanded quickly and played an essential role in political life in 1932–1934.

Велико Лечев. Младежките съюзи и организации на политическите партии в България (октомври 1918 – юни 1923 г.). Велико Търново, Издателство „Сириус–4“, 1994. 194c.

Author(s): Stefan Anchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1995

Book Review

Младежкият съюз, женските и професионалните групи към Демократическата партия (1924–1934)

Author(s): Rositsa Stoyanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1995

The Democratic Party, like other political formations in Bulgaria, tried to win positions among the young, the women and the representatives of some professions. During the second half of the 1920s the statutory regulation of the new organizational forms was completed. The central party leadership regarded the youth movement, the women’s and professional groups as parts of the party structure. It granted them independence in the manifestations and internal work, but invariably succeeded in imposing the leading position of the party over them.The professional principle of organization failed to spread widely in practice. The established groups were small and not particularly active. The position with the women’s units at the local organizations was similar. The Democrats secured the best positions among the young. After the coming of the Party into office in June 1931, the Youth League set up in 1926 expanded and consolidates as an influential organization.

Wspomnienia Jana Schwarza (Szwarca) – pedagoga, psychologa, organizatora Państwowej Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej w Gdańsku – jako źródła do biografii zawodowej

Author(s): Anna Siekierska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2021

This text presents memoirs left by Jan Schwarz (1901–1988) and their value as sources on the career of the title character. Presented memoirs come from the collection of the museum department of the Pedagogical Regional Library in Gdansk. In his memoirs Schwarz describes mainly his work as an educator and psychologist beginning from 1920, when he was employed in a primary school in his hometown and finishing in the 1960s. During his career Schwarz participated in the organisation of the Psychotechnical Institute in Poznań. In addition, he was the founder and head of the State Pedagogical School in Toruń (established in 1937), which was supposed to educate highly qualified primary school teachers. During the war he conducted clandestine teaching, and after its end he was delegated by the Minister of Education to rebuild education in Gdansk, where he undertook the organization of the State Pedagogy – later transformed into the State Higher School of Education.

PRIKAZI

Author(s): Pavo Živković,Dušan Berić,Uroš Nedimović,Ahmed Hadžirović,Milica Bodrožić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 13/1977

Reviews of: Ignacije Voje, “KREDITNA TRGOVINA U SREDNJOVJEKOVNOM DUBROVNIKU, ANU BiH”, djela .knj. 49. odjeljenje društvenih nauka, Sarajevo 1976 (390); Milan Vasić, “GRADOVI POD TURSKOM VLAŠĆU”, u knjizi Istorija Crne Gore, knj. treća, tom 1, Titograd 1975, str. 503-607 - poseban otisak; Naučni skup “Život i djelo Vladimira Čopića” (Senj 1-2. X 1976); “SARAJEVO U REVOLUCIJI, Revolucionarni radnički pokret 1937-1941.” (Sarajevo 1976, knjiga 1, str. 750); Gligo Mandić, “17. istočnobosanska NOU divizija”, Beograd 1976, str. 353

ПРИЛОГ ИСТРАЖИВАЊУ РАДНИЧКИХ БИБЛИОТЕКА И ЧИТАОНИЦА У БОСНИ И ХЕРЦЕГОВИНИ ИЗМЕЂУ ДВА СВЈЕТСКА PATA (1918- 1941)

Author(s): Ljubinka Bašović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 16/1979

Прву половину двадесетог стољећа карактеришу значајна збиванд у развоју човјечанства уопште. Револуционарне, политичке и друштвене промјене тог раздобља утјецале су и на значајан развој науке, умјетности и културе.

Тимоти Эдвард О’Коннор. Георгий Чичерин и советская внешняя политика 1918–1930. Москва, Прогресс, 1991, 329 с.

Author(s): Lyudmil Spasov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1993

Book Review