СОСТОЈБИТЕ ВО ЗАНАЕТЧИСТВОТО ВО СКОПЈЕ МЕЃУ ДВЕТЕ СВЕТСКИ ВОЈНИ

Author(s): Lidija Gjurkovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1-2/2013

Up until 1918, handicrafts represented an important economic activity in Skopje. After World War I, the changing economic structure of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes/Yugoslavia brought serious changes to handicrafts, leading to a strong downward trend in this period. The old crafts suffered the greatest decline. The Chamber of Crafts in Skopje was the only body that regulated craft rules and norms. Shortly before World War II, handicrafts were in a difficult position because of the lack of necessary raw materials and secondary materials, whose prices increased steadily. Very serious downfalls were felt in the productive crafts, while the position of service handicrafts was not quite so critical.

Софийският митрополит Стефан и идеята за „интегрална Югославия“ (неизвестно писмо на дядо Стефан до югославския принц-регент Павел Караджорджевич)

Author(s): Srđan Mićić,Dimitar Mitev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2018

Unpublished letter of Sofia Bishop Stefan to the regent of Yugoslavia Paul Karađorđević from 1938, reflecting the views of the Bulgarian cleric on the ideas of “Integral Yugoslavia” and the unification of the two Balkan states.

София Василева. Съюз на дружествата на художниците в България. Предистория, организация и дейност 1919–1945. [Издателство] О писменех/За буквите. С., 2012. 270 с., 1 сх., 2 факс.

Author(s): Nikolay Poppetrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2013

Book Review

Социално-икономически последици от непазарното регулиране на цени в България за периода между Първата и Втората световна война

Author(s): Pencho D. Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The study focuses on the socio-economic consequences of price controls performed by state and municipal authorities in Bulgaria during the Interwar period. It shows that their social welfare intentions often differ from the results achieved, and instead of alleviating the situation of the poor it is getting worse. The mere price fixing does not solve social conflicts and leads to administrative disturbances. From a political point of view, however, the authorities benefitted from price controls because they demonstrated concern for the problems of the majority while the blame for problems falls to greedy merchants and rich speculators.

Социалното законодателство в България от освобождението до 1944 година

Author(s): Ivan S. Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

The current study reviews and traces historically the establishment of social work respectively social legislation in Bulgaria. The purpose is to present the historical background of the Bulgarian state on solving social economic problems concerning social protection from the Liberation to 1944, as well as some of the reasons for legislation initiation from social and legal perspectives.

СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ СОСТАВ И ИДЕОЛОГИЯ ПОВСТАНЧЕСКОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ В ЯКУТИИ 1921–1922 ГГ.

Author(s): Egor Petrovich Antonov,Venera Nikolaevna Antonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2017

As part of the complex research on the Yakut anti-Soviet rebel movement in 1921–1922, which rose to the national level, the social structure and ideology of the rebels have been considered. It has been found that the poor, farmhands, and peasants of medium welfare formed the basis of the movement. Russian officers were responsible for the military command. The ideological guidance was performed by the intelligentsia. The financial support was provided by the merchants. Having analyzed the programs, charters, appealings, private letters, and other papers, we have made the following conclusions: most rebels were for the All-Russian Constituent Assembly, building of the national state by providing provincial autonomy, as well as the multiparty system and democratic liberties. They developed the executive branch in the form of an institute for district intendants and volost, nasleg and village administrations. In the sphere of economy, it was supposed to establish the share system according to the labor rate and to retain the status of a free-trade zone on the coast of the sea of Okhotsk to cope with the goods famine. The available factual material shows the transformation of the aboriginal people of Yakutia into an active subject of the historical process. The reconstruction of the political platform of the rebel movement is a reflection of the period of anticipated and hard development of the ideas about nation building.

Социјално-здравствената заштита на децата во вардарскиот дел на Македонија во периодот меѓу двете светски војни

Author(s): Verica Josimovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1/2017

The implementation of an organized health care of young children and students represented a major step in dealing with the great mortality and the presence of diseases on the territory of Vardar Macedonia in the period between the two world wars. Doctors’ work, opening of dispensaries, school polyclinics, children’s homes and permanent medical checkups, although in difficult conditions and with scarce staff, still gave results in improving young people’s health.

Социокультурные угрозы в государственном дискурсе имперской, советской и постсоветской России: стратегии репрезентации

Author(s): O.V. Vorobieva,F. V. Nikolai / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2021

This article provides a comparative analysis of ideas about sociocultural threats in the official state documents dating back to the Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods of Russian history. The rhetorical construction of threats as part of the security discourse was considered. It was proved that the concept of threat is structured by the appropriate frame and includes figures of the bearer of the threat (agent), the object of the threat (patient), and a certain vision of the strategy of countering the threat (counteragent). The conclusion was made about the cyclical alternation of internal and external threats in the social and political thought of Russia. The priority of internal and external state threats over personal ones, the recognition of the state as a key historical agent was a stable trend of the Soviet and post-Soviet periods. In the first place throughout all the three periods was the threat to national security and territorial integrity, which is closely linked with the threat of lagging behind the West. The third place on this list was occupied by the threat of social and sociocultural split. The differences in the rhetoric of each period can be attributed to the changes in the macro-political situation. However, the general continuity of the structure of representation of threats, the unity of the thesaurus, and the priority of the state as a political actor remained with minimal changes.

Социорелигиозни визионери в България (20–50-те год. на ХХ в.): случаят Христо Устабашиев

Author(s): Georgeta Nazarska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2021

The article is a case study of the life, work and ideas of the Bulgarian political and religious figure Christo Oustabachieff (1871–1953). Beginning his career as a financial official, political activist and founder of one of the first xenophobic organizations, after the First World War he devoted himself entirely to religious activities: he founded the “Good Samaritan” Religious Society (1921), became leader and ideologist of the Orthodox Holy Society for Spiritual Renewal of the Bulgarian people (1924), of the "Greater (Peaceful) Bulgaria" Union (Political Party) (1926–1944), of the "St. John of Rila” National Defense Organization (1933) and of the Slavic-Bulgarian People's Christian Union (1945–1953). His ideas have a religious and political character and represent a prototype of the Christian Democratic tradition in Bulgaria. In the context of the post-WW1 crisis and the widespread of the New Religious Movements, he declared himself a spiritual leader and initially guided his numerous followers with oral prophecies, revelations and dreams. Developed in the 1930s in written messages, they acquired an eclectic character, uniting religious fundamentalism, messianism and prophetism. Oustabachieff 's political visions in the 1930s–1940s were strongly influenced by authoritarianism, nationalism, xenophobia, and anti-Semitism. Their core was an idea of a Slavic monarchy – based on Christian Democratic values, a future center of a Balkan federation, and a realized Medieval and Bulgaria Revival period ideal of "Great Bulgaria”. The study uses historical approach and is based on unknown archival sources, combined with data from periodicals and published works of Oustabachieff.

Соціальна обумовленість розвитку української театральної освіти у період національновизвольних змагань 1917–1921 років

Author(s): Roman Mykolayovych Yasipenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 17/2010

Протягом 1917 – 1921 років українська культура і мистецтво розвивалися за умов, коли в державі точилася гостра революційна і воєнна боротьба між різними політичними силами.

Соцреалістичний канон та балетна критика середини 30-х рр. ХХ ст

Author(s): Alina Mykolayivna Pidlypska / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2019

Purpose of the article is to analyze the aesthetic canon of socialist realism and the principles of D. Lukacs and M. Lifshits in the projection on ballet criticism of the mid-30s. XX century (on the example of the ballet «Bright Stream» by Shostakovich-Lopuhov, 1936). Methodology. The use of methods for analyzing sources, concepts, comparing critical assessment approaches to the consideration of the ballet «Bright Stream» ensured an objective study. Scientific novelty. For the first time, the aesthetic principles of Lukach-Lifshic and the socialist-realist canon were extrapolated to the plane of ballet criticism of the mid-30s. XX century (on the example of the ballet «Bright Stream» by Shostakovich-Lopuhov, 1936). Conclusions. The requirements for observing the principles of socialist realism in art, the main of which were partisanship and nationality, were transmitted through critical articles. Opposing the simplified understanding of realism and its reduction to established stylistic canons, the founders of the journal «Literary critic» (Moscow, 1933–1940) D. Lukach, M. Lifshic, and others defended extra list criticism, since the artistic value of a work cannot be revealed exclusively through a prism style; substantiated the realism of art through proof of the reality of the content of any work of art; introduced the principles of friendly discussion and deep mutual respect of the critic and creator. The article «Ballet Falsehood» (February 6, 1936, criticism of the Shostakovich-Lopuhov ballet «Bright Stream» at the Bolshoi Theater, Moscow) played the role of a translator of the aesthetic requirements of the authorities for the art of ballet, a model of propaganda of mono-ideology through criticism. The article became a kind of warning to critics about the consequences of positive evaluations of ballets without correlating them with the canon of socialist realism.

Специфіка продюсерської діяльності радянського хронотопу

Author(s): Igor Leonidovich Likhuta / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 3/2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the features of the production in the Soviet chronotope, as a historical period of formation of the profession of producer in Ukraine. The methodology involves recourse to an interdisciplinary approach, as well as the use of comparative and historical-logical methods of analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the detailed and systematic disclosure of the causal relationship of events and phenomena in the cultural practices of the Soviet chronotope, which in one way or another influenced the history of Ukrainian production and determined the specifics of production. Conclusions. A comprehensive study of the history of the profession of producer of the Soviet chronotope period after the 1930 – early 90 of the last century revealed the specifics of the formation of Ukrainian production, revealed the features of cultural practices of the Soviet chronotope, identified obstacles to its entry into market relations.

Списание „Вардар" - огнище на родолюбие

Author(s): Stoyan Germanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1995

СПІВПРАЦЯ АРСЕНА РІЧИНСЬКОГО З ЧАСОПИСАМИ СХІДНОЇ ГАЛИЧИНИ (1928 ‒ 1933 рр.)

Author(s): Olena Kravchuk / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 4/2020

Aim of investigation. The features of A. Richinskyi's cooperation with the journals of Eastern Galicia (1928–1933) are studied and analyzed. The research methodology. Used general scientific (analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization), special historical (synchronous, comparative historical) methods. Scientific novelty. The article submitted for publication is the first scientific study, in which the collaboration of A. Richinskyi with the journals of Eastern Galicia during the appointed time was studied in a holistic, systematic and complex way. Conclusions. It is proved that A. Richinskyi, a well-known socio-political, cultural and educational, church figure, doctor, composer, ethnographer of the first half of the twentieth century. collaborated with the magazines of Eastern Galicia, the motivating factor was the difficult situation in which the Ukrainians of Western Volyn` found themselves in interwar Poland, which limited the Ukrainian-language publishing activity. It is noted that A. Richinskyi, being a conscientious Ukrainian patriot, tried, through cooperation with magazines of Eastern Galicia, to reveal certain pressing problems, to expand the worldview of Ukrainians, publishing his works in a number of popular and well-known magazines. The important role of A. Richinskyiin the popularization of the Ukrainian printed word, is noted, which influenced the formation of the national consciousness of Ukrainians in both Western Volyn and Eastern Galicia. The role and place of A. Richinskyiin the popularization of Ukrainian-language printed materials, his influence on the originality and preservation of self-identity of Ukrainians in the conditions of interwar Poland are assessed.

СПРОВОЂЕЊЕ АГРАРНЕ РЕФОРМЕ У КРАЉЕВИНИ СРБА, ХРВАТА И СЛОВЕНАЦА НА ПРИМЕРУ ВЕЛИКОГ ПОСЕДА СТРАНОГ ДРЖАВЉАНИНА

Author(s): Gordana Drakić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2014

The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, formed after the World War I, was predominantly an agrarian country. One of the most important issues in the state was the implementation of agrarian reform. It was a complex state measure with important social, economic and political impact. The implementation of the agrarian reform in the area of Bačka and Banat (located at the territory of nothern Serbia, called Woiwodina) was partialy influenced by foreign policy relations between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes with neighbouring countries – Hungary and Romania. A considerable factor of those relationship was a possibility for national minorities to opt for citizenship of one of these states. According to the agrarian laws passed after the commencement of the implementation of agrarian reform (in September 1920) in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes estates owned by foreign national had to be expropriated regardless of the acreage if the owner had not lived in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes after the war and the estate was abandoned or let on lease. Therefore, landowners Hungarians protested against the division of their land in the process of agrarian reform in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, claiming that it violates the Trianon Treaty.

Сравнительный анализ старообрядчества в Болгарии и Китае

Author(s): Chunlei Guo / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

From the end of the 17th century to the beginning of the 20th century, the Old Belief moved to Bulgaria in three periods from the western border of Russia and the Don valley. From the beginning of the 19th century to the 1930s, the Old Belief moved from the Altai Mountains in Siberia to Northwestern China in two periods and from Transbaikalia and the south of the Far East to Northeastern China in three periods. The Old Believers were still active and participated in the modernization of Bulgaria and China in the fields of economy, politics, ethnicity, religion and culture. The article compares and studies the process of modernization of the Old Belief in the two countries, and also summarizes two kinds of experience of Bulgaria and China in their modernization construction. Firstly, the policy of modernization should be based on objective reality, the wishes of ordinary workers should be respected and their subjective initiative can be fully motivated. Secondly, the relevant departments can focus on the coordinated development of all sectors of society, and strive to upgrade the society as a whole to a state of modern development. The article makes a suggestion for the study of the modernization theory. Modernization is a historical process of following the past and heralding the future, while basing itself on reality and looking to the future. It should also review the past appropriately and look for positive factors that can promote the healthy development of human society.

Срби и Југославија. Држава, друштво, политика

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian

Скоро вековно егзистирање Србије у заједничкој југословенској држави намеће потребу дугорочног и мултидисци пли нарног истраживања положаја Србије, а онда и српског народа у осталим деловима заједничке државе. Сарадници Института за новију историју Србије, прво радом на пројекту Историја српског народа, а затим и на пројекту Срби и распад Југославије извршили су бројна истраживања друштвених, економских, кул турних, просветних, верских и политичких прилика у Србији за време југословенске државе. Рeзултат тога су бројни чланци, ра справе и студије у домаћим и страним часописима и зборни ци ма, као и велики број монографских издања, од којих се већина налази и у најреномиранијим европским библиотекама. [...]

Срби из долине Неретве и споразум Цветковић–Мачек 1939. године

Author(s): Draga V. Mastilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 18/2018

Following the introduction of the 6th January regime of King Aleksandar and the creation of banovinas in 1929, the Neretva valley became part of the Littoral Banovina with its seat in Split. As it was obvious that the Neretva valley was thus linked to the Banovina with the majority Croatian ethnic population, the Serbs from the Neretva valley already then expressed an open concern that they were left to the Croatian interest zone within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. With deputations to King Aleksandar, memoranda and reports, they tried to rectify such situation. However, their requests were not met, notably because such division of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia was of a pure administrative nature and did not, at least at first sight, jeopardise state integrity. Nonetheless, ten years later, when negotiations began between the President of the Royal Government Dragiša Cvetković and leader of the Croatian opposition Vlatko Maček about the creation of the Banovina of Croatia and delimitation between the Serbs and Croats within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, the Serbs from the Neretva valley understood the entire harm of the decisions of the state leaders from 1929. This is why they tried anew, with one deputation and a memorandum, to fight for their right not to live within the Banovina of Croatia. Their later endeavours in this regard did not bear fruit either.

СРБИ КАТОЛИЦИ У ДУБРОВНИКУ ИЗМЕЂУ ДВА СВЕТСКА РАТА

Author(s): Saša Nedeljković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 124/2008

Dubrovnik was a cultural and the Serbian Primacy in Bar the religious centre of the Serbs catholics. The newspaper Dubrovnik expressed the views of the Serbs catholics. The owner, publisher and the editor was an old national activist Kristo P. Dominković, and main collaborators were Božo Hope and Jovan Perović. The newspaper underlined that it followed Dositej Obradović in his opinion that the ethnic origin and language were more important than religious affiliation. On June 15, 1939, on behalf of the Serbs catholics, Luka Bone, Božo Hope and dr M. Gracić from Dubrovnik sent to the archbishop in Bar and the Serbian primate, dr Nikola Dobrečić, a letter about the need to create the Serbian catholic theological school in Bar. They pointed out that the theological school was necessary both to the Serbian nation at the Coast and to the catholics of the prewar Serbia, Montenegro and Vojvodina. Due to dr Nikola Dobrečić's endeavour, on June 20, 1935 the Archbishopric Seminary of the Serbian Primate in Bar was opened. In the Cvetković-Maček agreement from August 26, 1939, Dubrovnik was separated from the Zeta District (banovina) and allocated to the newly-created Banovina of Croatia. There began the persecution of the Serbs, the Yugoslavs and Yugoslav-oriented persons in Dubrovnik and its vicinity. The coup on March 27, 1941 caused great enthusiasm in Dubrovnik. Everything that happened in Dubrovnik and its vicinity, in Banovina of Croatia, was an introduction to everything that happened in The Independent State of Croatia. Those who ran away from the Croatian Ustashas took refuge in Boka Kotorska.

Средата за стопанска дейност в България през 30-те години на XX в. – условия и фактори

Author(s): Marco Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The author aims to reveal the general conditions of doing business in Bulgaria during the 1930s within the context of significant changes in the world economy at that time and their impact on the Bulgarian economy. At the same time, the basic determinants of the changes in the economic conditions are outlined. A general comparison is made between the conditions of the 1920s and 1930s, and the conclusion is that there was an unprecedented increase of the direct government intervention in Bulgaria. The government also had a crucial role in the formation of the business environment in the 1930s. These interventions are a consequence of the unprecedented complication of the economic situation worldwide and in Bulgaria, as a result of the Great Depression of 1929. The author assesses the state intervention in the Bulgarian economy in the 1930s as adequate and effective. For this reason, the post-Depression economic recovery was relatively more effective compared to other countries with similar basic characteristics. An essential feature of the activity of the Bulgarian state in improving the economic environment is the fact that it is carried out with exceptional economic and fiscal measures. The state does not exert political or ideological pressure on economic entities and thus, in terms of its economic policy, is closer to the policy pursued in democratic countries.