Karol Anton Medvecký v slovenskej politike po roku 1918

Author(s): Michal Marťák / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2022

The following article is devoted to a personality important for the Slovak environment, especially in the period of the so-called revolutionary changes since 1918, but not only during them. Karol Anton Medvecký first became the secretary of the Slovak National Party, later also the secretary of the Slovak National Council, a member of the Revolutionary National Assembly, deputy minister with power of attorney for Slovak administration for Catholic Church Affairs, vice-president of the Czechoslovak People's Party in Slovakia or its deputy in the regional council. The aim of the paper is to present Medvecký, his activities, tasks and problems that he was solving in the political field. We will try to answer questions that mainly concern his political activities. We will rely primarily on periodicals and the current state of historiography in the event of a significant shortage and dispersion of preserved archival sources.

Noua generaţie interbelică şi mentorii ei: vasile pârvan şi nae ionescu

Author(s): Corneliu Ciucanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLVIII/2019

Aprés la Grande Union de 1918, la société roumaine davait répondre a une nouvelle agresions dirigée contre la carte méntale et identitaire-spirituelle de peuplé roumaine. Le danger de dissoudre communisme, internationaliste et athée déclanché la réaction nationaliste-chrétienne de jeunesse de l'université, et les lacunes du régime de la démocratie parlementaire roumaine entre les deux guerres mondiales (politicianisme, corruption, démagogie) ont généré la radicalisation de la nouvelle génération et la potentialisation le discours anti-système.

Vasile Pârvan (1882-1927). Actualitatea modelului pârvanian

Author(s): Ioan Mitrea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLVI/2017

S-au împlinit recent 135 de ani de la naşterea ( 28 septembrie 1882 ) şi 90 de ani de la moartea ( 26 iunie 1927) lui Vasile Pârvan. Această nouă aniversare/comemorare este un prilej potrivit de a rememora viaţa şi opera marelui înaintaş. Revenim şi acum asupra acestei mari personalităţi a culturii româneşti, nu atât pentu a aduce noi informaţii, ci mai ales din datoria de a propune atenţiei celor de azi, cu precădere tinerilor, principalele date şi fapte ale vieţii şi operei ilustrului înaintemergător, care fac din Vasile Pârvan un model de mare actualitate.

Preocupări ale comunităților evreiești din județul Bacău pentru educarea copiilor preșcolari

Author(s): Elena Ungureanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLIII/2014

This article presents the preoccupations of the Jewis communities from Bacău County towards the instruction and education of their own children, even from preschool. 4-6 year old children were enrolled in the public kindergartens in their home towns, where, next to the Romanian children, benefidet from the love and care of their kindergarten teachers who made them value the Romanian language, the imagination and the artistic talent. According to the private education legislation, in 1926, a kindergarten with classes taught in Jewis language was founded in Buhuși, in 1924 and in Moinești, in 1928.

Arta pentru popor sau „realismul socialist” din anii 1944–1991

Author(s): Tudor Stavilă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2022

This article is an attempt to link two distinct periods of Bessarabian art – the interwar period and the postwar period. These stages manifested themselves in our culture and art as diametrically opposed sources. The options for a freedom of creation, for the artistic value of the works were a desideratum of the Bessarabian plastic artists, tempted to accept any style or individual way of expression, regardless of the political or economic conjuncture. After the 1940s, the visual arts were influenced by the ideological system through the trend of “socialist realism” which was considered the only method of creation of visual artists. In this regard, specialists from other republics were invited to Soviet Bessarabia, whose purpose was to influence and educate local artists against formalist and non-bourgeois art. For five decades, in the Moldovan SSR, against the background of deportations and famine, socialist realism and state command created an illusory art of the surrounding reality, in which many of our visual artists were involved, almost without exception.

Serviciul sanitar al judeţului Covurlui în prima jumătate a secolului al XX-lea. Politică şi legislaţie sanitară

Author(s): Gabriela Vulpe / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLII/2013

Institution specialized in the medical field, the Healthcare Department enjoyed a well determined in the Romanian society along its existence, by the established regulations. In its entirety, the health legislation addresses the technical-organizational aspects related to the work of this institution. In order to achieve a single program, the ministries to which it was subordinated (formerly the Ministry of Interior, afterwards the Ministry of Health and Social Security that after the fusion with the Ministry of Labour becomes the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Security) establish compulsorily, by agreement with the concerned authorities (prefectures, town halls, police, justice, education, culture, church), activity programs and measures in order to improve the medical network which will be involved in local communities issues.

Iulian Antonescu (1932-1991). Un spirit ales al culturii româneşti

Author(s): Ioan Mitrea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLI/2012

Iulian Antonescu (1932-1991) is a name representative of Romanian culture in the second half of the 20th century. Exceptional museographer, 15 museums networks , from the region of Bacau, archaeologist, history, professor, great speaker, good translator by medieval poetry and national director of the museums. He remains a model man gifted in all domains that he was involved.

PRILOG POZNAVANJU BAŠTINE SLAVONSKE PLEMIĆKE OBITELJI ADAMOVIĆ ČEPINSKI

Author(s): Jasminka Najcer Sabljak,Silvija Lučevnjak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2021

The noble family of Adamović Čepinski was from the 18th century in possession of the Čepin, Tenje, Aljmaš and Erdut estates in Slavonia and Podunavlje as well as of some estates in Bačka; over the course of time, it split into the Čepin and Tenje factions. This text provides less known and yet unexplored data on the history of the Tenje family faction which from the 19th century owned an estate that had its seat in Velenje (Slovenia). They left significant traces in economic, cultural and political life and constituted a connection between present-day eastern Croatia and Slovenia at the time when these areas belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, i.e. to the same constitutional and cultural circle. Although they sold the Tenje estate in the late 19th century, they remained connected to the estates in Erdut, Bačko Novo Selo and Ostrožac; after they sold Velenje, they continued to live there up until World War II. They strengthened their social position additionally through marital ties between notable families the relations of which reached to the Viennese Court, the Russian Imperial Court and the Court of Victorian England. A significant family bond was created with the politician and landlord Ervin Cseh de Szent-Katolna, the grand prefect of the Syrmia County. His stepson Ivan Albrecht Baron Adamović of Čepin was also prefect of the Syrmia and subsequently the Virovitica County. After World War II the family was deprived of all its estates in then Yugoslavia; however, after decades in exile the heirs were able to reclaim their estates in Croatia in part.

UČITELJ I POLITIKA: SLUČAJ IVANA TRDIĆA (PRVI DIO - U KRALJEVINI SRBA, HRVATA I SLOVENACA)

Author(s): Ivica Miškulin / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2021

The descriptive analysis and analytical assessment show that Ivan Trdić’s crucial basic idea was the political ideology of the Yugoslav unitarism. Embodied by its belonging first to the Democratic and later the Independent Democratic Party as well as by the loyalty to Svetozar Pribičević, it was also characterized by the assimilationism, the denial of ethnic and other realities, ahistoricism, favouritism towards Serbia and the Serbs as well as by exclusiveness and violence. In view of the fact that Croatian rural communities (particularly Nova Kapela) reacted equally sharply to the intrusive and repressive Yugoslavism, by identifying exclusively with Croatian political parties and at times using violence, Trdić’s position in these parties was from the beginning rather delicate. After the first electoral defeats had put the democrats in the position of an isolated minority identified with violent Serbianisation and regime violence, they responded with still more vehement reliance on the machinery of government, which naturally produced an even deeper hostility among the local Croatian peasantry. Once the circuit of radical exclusiveness was closed, it fed upon itself, and Trdić’s role in its establishment in a Croatian rural community in the western Slavonian area was an excellent illustration of processes that also unfolded in other regions. The political weaknesses of the democrats and independent democrats prevented Trdić from going beyond the local scope; however, the characteristic inclination of both Trdić and his associates to administrative violence to a large extent affected the educational system. Firstly, he used Pribičević’s political influence to expel real and imaginary enemies from the majority of primary schools in the Nova Gradiška district and to enrol supporters and members of the Democratic party; subsequently he was appointed school principal in Nova Kapela. Trdić enjoyed his heyday only for a short time: in line with the fall of Pribičević, he was transferred from Nova Kapela and for several years he was relatively passive in Stražeman; certain issues, typical of his employment in Nova Kapela, arose during that period. At the beginning of 1929 Aleksandar Karađorđević’s dictatorship provided new opportunities for Yugoslav nationalists, among others also for Trdić; more on this subsequently.

PRILOZI ZA BIOGRAFIJU HRVATSKOG POLITIČARA JOSIPA TORBARA

Author(s): Hrvoje Petrić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 3/2018

This paper portrays certain aspects of the activity of one of the champions of CFP (hrv. HSS), Josip Torbar, from the time he entered politics until the day he died. The author attempts to connect previous knowledge on Josip Torbar available in literature with facts of published and unpublished sources. Given the fact that this paper only reconstructs a portion of the data on the activity of Josip Torbar, it is necessary to warn readers about the need for further research.

„Hrvatsko pitanje je riješeno!“ Česi od uspostave Banovine Hrvatske do Nezavisne Države Hrvatske (1939. – 1941.)

Author(s): Vlatka Dugački / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2017

Members of the Czech minority, despite a strongly expressed national self-consciousness, started to point out during the 1930s a closeness with the Croatian people, which was influenced by the new foreign policy orientation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, a complex international situation their native country found itself in, and finally, a gradual assimilation with the Croatian majority, especially in the cities, and to a lesser degree in counties where Czechs had an absolute and relative majority in the total population. It is no surprise then that the co-bearers of the Czech-minority social life in Croatia pointed out the formation of the Banovina of Croatia as the most important Yugoslavian issue upon whose solution depended the further peaceful and undisturbed development of conditions within the country. As they were loyal subjects of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, so they planned to be loyal to the Banovina of Croatia, in the hopes that nothing would change in their minority status, and that those unresolved minority questions would finally be resolved, especially their right for citizenship and public education, and in the long term getting a minority representative on the list of the ruling Croatian Peasants’ Party, which would guarantee them entrance into the future Parliament of the Banovina of Croatia. The coup and the April War of 1941 caught everybody unprepared, including the Czech minority which welcomed the formation of the Independent State of Croatia the same way it welcomed the formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes some twenty years ago, then the formation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and finally, of the Banovina of Croatia.

Prilozi za biografiju Ivana Pernara (1889.-1967.)

Author(s): Hrvoje Petrić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2017

This paper shows chosen aspects of actions of the esteemed CFP politician Ivan Pernar from his entrance into politics up until his death. The author attempts to connect earlier knowledge of Ivan Pernar received from sources with facts from published and non-published sources. Given the fact that this paper reconstructs only a portion of the data on Ivan Pernar and his actions, it is necessary to warn researches of the need for further research.

Mijo, Ettinger: Stogodišnjica daruvarske župe 1821.-1921., Tisak Nadbiskupske tiskare, Zagreb, 1922. (faksimil)

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2017

Žrtve velikog rata u olomouckom mauzoleju Jugoslavena

Author(s): Arnošt Skoupý / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

In the study is discussed, in the context of the foundation of the Yugoslav Mausoleum in Olomouc, the identity of the soldiers coming from the territories of Yugoslavia, who in the First World War died in civilian or military hospitals in Moravia and Silesia and their remains were deposited in the mausoleum crypt. After Czechoslovakia came into existence in 1918, the Ministry of National defense, in cooperation with the Yugoslav Embassy, carried out in 1919-1925 a tentave evidence of their graves there as well as in Bohemia and Slovakia, with the aim of securing respectful care of the remains of the war victims coming from the now allied country of Yugoslavia. The deposition of the remains in the Olomouc Mausoleum, built in 1926, was done en masse in October 1928 1928, when during one month the remains were exhumed in 49 sites in Moravia and Silesia and brought to Olomouc. During the exhumation, a personal record of each soldier was made. After a critical treatment of the documents found in the archives in Prague and Belgrade, the author can mobilised in their native country into the army of Austria-Hungary. The group of Serbian prisoners-of-war is small. Critical interpretation of the soures enabled classifying the soldiers according to the country of their origin, with reference to the present-day political situation after the breakup of Yugoslavia at the end of the 20 century. Considered were the problems in the determination of their nationality (in relation to their age. In conclusion the author describes the present-day issue of the legal position of the mausoleum and of its care, in relation with the termination of the state of Yugoslavia and the establishment of new, national states.

„Naš tatiček“ – Kult Tomàša G. Masaryka u časopisu „Dĕtský Koutek“ između dvaju svjetskih ratova (1930. – 1940.)

Author(s): Elizabeta Krišek,Marina Šourek / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

Ovaj učenički rad razmatra na koji su se način djeca mogla politički indoktrinirati tridesetih godina 20. stoljeća. Za temu istraživačkog rada autori razmatraju kult T. G. Masaryka proučavan na primjeru dječjeg časopisa „Dĕtský koutek“. Analizom izvora izdvojeni su neki aspekti kulta (Masaryk kao politički uzor, kao nositelj moralnih i odgojnih vrijednosti te analiza vizualnih prikaza) koji govore o tome kojim se metodama kult Masaryka izgrađivao u međuratnoj Jugoslaviji. Na kraju rada razmatra se pitanje razloga širenja kulta analizom političkih prilika i odnosa jugoslavenskog režima prema kultu u promatranom razdoblju.

Aspecte ale învăţământului evreiesc din Bacău

Author(s): Cornelia Cucu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXXIX/2010

In this article, the author presents some evolutive aspects of the Jewish educational system in Bacau, starting with the 19th century and the first half of the 20 th century. This research shows the increasing interest of the Jewish community in the organisation of a religions educational system first and of the Jewish-Romanian schools afterwards.

Învățământul în limba ucraineană din Bucovina în timpul dictaturii regale (1938-1940)

Author(s): Philippe Henri Blasen / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XIII/2021

The article discusses the way in which the personal regime of King Carol II of Romania, known as the Royal Dictatorship, handled the Ukrainians’ demands for education in their own language. It shows that, although the regime promulgated a by-law which provided for private education in the minority languages, the government repressed the Ukrainian movement in favour of Ukrainian-language education and, eventually, only introduced a couple of Ukrainian-language classes in primary schools and teachers’ colleges. The article also attempts to reconstruct the conditions under which the Ukrainians collectively joined the Front of National Rebirth, the single party established by the regime.

Pictorul Nicu Enea (1897-1960). Repere ale unui destin uman

Author(s): Feodosia Rotaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XXXVI/2007

L’auteur poursuit, d’une manière chronologique, la vie et le destin artistique du peintre Nicu Enea (1897-1960). Naît sur les terres de Bacău, il s’est formé et consacré dans la période d’entre les deux Guerres Mondiales, mais il a été injustement ignoré, vers à la fin de sa vie.

Deutschnationaler und nationalsozialistischer Antislawismus – Kontinuitäten und Paradigmenwechsel eines heterogenen Ressentiments (1848–1945)

Author(s): David Vlahek / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2022

The article examines a relatively unknown and yet crucial animosity inherent to the nineteenth century German Nationalist and later National Socialist ideologies. It aims to identify the continuities and paradigm changes of Antislavic sentiment through this long and heterogeneous timespan, taking into account several different areas of Eastern Europe. For this purpose, various sources, such as newspapers, scientific writings, political speeches etc., have been analyzed. It is shown herein that German Nationalist Antislavism can be traced back to the “civilizing” discourse of the nlightenment and was further politicized through the nationalization of Europe during the nineteenth century, when German nationalists strongly accused their Slavic neighbors of being expansive but simultaneously primitive and unable to create a functioning state. The reason for the so-called Kulturgefälle was llegedly to be found in the inferiority of Slavic cultures and languages, and not in the biological blueprints of its people. However, German Antislavism began to rapidly change its paradigms at the end of the nineteenth century, when the biologist concepts of “race” and “blood” gradually entered the scientific and political spheres. The outcomes of World War I further radicalized the pre-existing Antislavism. It was appropriated by the rising National Socialists, who pushed it to a more perilous level with their ideas of racial purity and territorial expansion. The article explains the historical roots of the atrocities in Eastern Europe during World War II while at the same time also recognizing the ambiguity in, and the diversity of, Antislavism itself.

Gachal János (1881-1944) mártír püspök emlékezete - Származása és tanulmányai

Author(s): István-Levente Higyed / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 5/2021

In this study we trace back the life of Reformed minister, dean and bishop János Gachal until his traceless disappearance. We also present the organisational development of the Reformed Church in southern Hungary at the moment of the collapse of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the border modifications that took place during the Second World War. János Gachal spent most of his ministry in southern Hungary where he experienced the horrors of both world wars. One can discover his integrity in a world that changed abruptly around him. He became active in saving communists, Jews and Yugoslav partisans. He was a skilled organiser of the congregations. The era of his ministry is characterised by a vibrant atmosphere regarding both the life of the church and the cultural and economic life of the communities. During the Second World War he has fallen victim to the unstoppable ethnical cleansing. Even today, nobody exactly knows what exactly happened and where was he buried.