С авантюрой сквозь жизнь: Мария Александровна Гришина-Алмазова (Михайлова)

Author(s): Dmitry Igorevich Petin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 27/2019

The publication is a historical and biographical study of a woman who played an important role in the highest socio-political circles of Omsk during the Civil War, becoming the beloved of two key political figures in anti-Bolshevik eastern Russia, and subsequently ended her days in emigration. Using previously classified documents in archives of the FSB Directorate for the Omsk Region and the State Archives of the Khabarovsk Territory and applying historical-biographical and chronological methods, the article considers historiography of the topic and unexplored lacunae. The most informative materials are diary fragments and judicial-investigative documents from the criminal case concerning the heroine (1920), and emigrant questionnaires of her and her son (1942, 1945), along with memoirs and published sources about the heroine’s participation in the trial of Kolchak ministers in May 1920, as well as references on Russian emigration. These sources provide an ambiguous biography of the heroine.

С поглед към света и България

С поглед към света и България. Сборник в памет на проф. д-р Костадин Грозев. (2019). Съставител и научен редактор Евгения Калинова. София: Университетско издателство „Св. Климент Охридски“, 592 с.

Author(s): Evgenia Kalinova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2020

С.В.Косиор и голод 1932–1933 годов на Украине: к 85-летию общей трагедии народов СССР

Author(s): Viktor Viktorovich Kondrashin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 24/2018

The article is timed to the 85th anniversary of the common tragedy of the peoples of the USSR — The famine of 1932–1933, as a result of the agrarian policy of the Stalinist leadership of the country. It is devoted to such an important aspect as the grain procurement campaigns in Ukraine in the early 1930s, which became the main cause of this tragedy. The main attention in the article is given to the analysis of the role of Kosior — the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine, and the republican leadership of the Ukrainian SSR in the implementation of grain procurement in Ukraine in 1931–1932. Its source base is made up of documents from the Archive of the President of the Russian Federation and other central archives, as well as published sources. In the article for the first time in the domestic historiography, the relationship between the republican leadership of Ukraine and the Center in the person of I.V. Stalin and his closest associates at the peak of the crisis of the grain procurement campaigns in the early 1930s in the Ukrainian SSR and the famine of 1932– 1933. As a result, it is concluded that in explaining the circumstances of the tragedy of 1932–1933, in Ukraine, it is necessary to take into account the subjective factor: the actions of the local republican leadership, primarily S.V. Kosior, during the grain procurement of 1931–1932. They exacerbated their negative consequences for the fate of the millions of inhabitants of Soviet Ukraine. This conclusion does not call into question the decisive role of Stalin’s leadership and Stalin personally in organizing the great tragedy of the peoples of the USSR in 1932–1933, both in Ukraine and in other regions of the country.

Савремена руска историографија о руско-српским односима за време Првог светског рата и Руске револуције

Author(s): Nikolai Kopylov / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

Based on his experience of working at one of the leading Russian higher education institutions, the author gives a review of works by contemporary Russian authors, as well as collections of documents and papers published in Russia in the last decade on Russian-Serbian relations before and during the Great War. Special attention is paid to the works used in teaching in modern Russian higher education institutions for the education of future generations of historians.

САОБРАЋАЈНА МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЈА ЈУГА КРАЉЕВИНЕ СХС

Author(s): Vladan Z. Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2002

The development of transport and communications conditions in the south was an economic issue, with important strategic, national, and political implications. Although the Ministry of Transport and Communications in the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes had in two instances unwisely placed this problem practically at the bottom of the list of its priorities in this field, the improvement of the Vardar rail track proved urgent, just as the replacing of the narrow tracks along the adjoining trails with others of standard width represented an important economic investment. The province was interspersed with hardly traversable roads of extremely poor quality, which could accommodate only a small number of mostly military or postal vehicles. A considerable number of petrol stations and thousands of motor vehicles create the impression of this area’s impressive modernization in comparison to the other provinces. A political initiative was needed to open a civil air traffic route between Belgrade and Skoplje (1929), and establish the airport in Skoplje as an „international air harbor”. The development of postal and telegraph communications was revolutionary and in some areas even exceeded the needs of this still largely backward region. The much-increased frequency of postal communications may also create the illusion of social progress, when in fact it was mostly used as a means of communication for official state and military purposes.

Сарајевска политичка елита и завођење шестојануарског режима 1929. године

Author(s): Draga V. Mastilović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

The introduction of the personal regime of King Alexander on January 6, 1929 caused different reactions among Serbian, Croatian, and Muslim political elites in Sarajevo, but there was no open resistance towards the regime. On the basis of available archival sources, it can be concluded that the introduction of the dictatorship in the region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, especially in the region of Sarajevo, was approved by the majority of population and a certain number of political and public workers, regardless of their religion, nationality or political orientation. On the other hand, the leading figure of Yugoslav Muslim Organisation, Mehmed Spaho, officially approved the new regime, but also unofficially used every single opportunity to express his dissatisfaction with it. But unlike him, Dr Juraj Šutej—ex-member of Parliament and member of Croatian Peasant Party, who was considered a leader of that party in Bosnia and Herzegovina—was openly sceptical towards а new political state in the country. At about the same time, he was actively leading secret political action in consultation with the party leadership in Zagreb. When it comes to Serbian political elites in Sarajevo, they honestly supported the new regime and some of them even actively took part in the new political system.

Сацыяльныя прадказанні ці канстатацыя фактау рэчаіснасці? (Беларуская проза 20—30-х гадоу)

Author(s): Aleś Makarewicz / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 5/2013

On the basis of the observations concerning literary factuality the article characterizes the ways post-revolutionary events and public leaders’ aspirations are transformed into artistic world of the literary work to create context which has either disapproving pathos (“Two Souls” by M. Goretsky, “Notes by Samson Samosui” by A. Mriy, “Neither Guest nor Host” by L. Kalyuga) or the equivocality: praise and disapproval, admission and rejection of facts, notions, heroes and anti-heroes of the prototypic reality (“Vilenskiye Kommunards” by M. Goretsky, “Pathways” by M. Zaretsky, “Boundaries”, “New Way” by S. Baranovyh).

Саша Марковић. Од присаједињења до прекрајања. Војводина у Краљевини СХС/Југославији 1918–1941. Нови Сад: Архив Војводине, 2020, 514.

Author(s): Zoran Janjetović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2022

СВЕТСКИ РАТ 1914‒1918. У МЕЂУРАТНОЈ ЗАВИЧАЈНОЈ КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ СРБА У РУМУНИЈИ

Author(s): Stevan Bugarski / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2016

Крупни догађаји Великога рата 1914‒1918. одразили су се и на српску књижевност у Румунији. У напису се разматра међуратна књижевност, настала под свежим сећањима учесника. У питању су углавном прозни мемоарски списи, а и епски спев у десетерцу садржи много мемоарског. По својим особеностима списи су на граници белетристике и документарне прозе, а могу добро послужити и као историјски извори. Грађа је изложена азбучним редоследом презимена аутора, а о сваком аутору наведени су и основни биографски подаци.

Світоглядно-культурні засади стильової трансформації закладів громадського харчування України: 20–30-ті роки ХХ століття

Author(s): Roksolana Viktorivna Dіachenko / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2017

Purpose of Research. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main worldview and cultural fundamentals of the style transformation of catering in Soviet Ukraine in the 1920s – 1930s. Methodology. The methodology of the research is based on the important principles such as historicism, objectivity and certainty. The author uses the art critic and culturological approaches to characterize the main important transformation in the design of the catering establishments, which are determined by the variety of the artistic styles of the beginning of XX century. Scientific Novelty. The author has found out the modern sociocultural fundamentals’ influence on the creative preferences and tastes of the Soviet artists, particularly, among architectures and designers. It was manifested in the design of the public catering of Ukraine in 1920s – 1930s. Conclusions. The stylistic transformation of the establishments of catering of Ukraine in 1920s – 1930s was held under the influence of the combination of two aspects – ideas of Bolshevic conjuncture and new trends in the art. Indeed, the Stalin architecture of the 1930s – 1950s is the synthesis of the several styles, which are called Stalin Empire, classical and monumental style. The ideas of the eclectics (historicism), art-deco and empire were implemented in it.

Свободният университет и славянското научно сътрудничество (1920–1940)

Author(s): Liliana Veleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2016

The Free University of Political and Economic Sciences was established in 1920 and it was Bulgaria’s first institution for higher education with an economic profile. Its organizational structure, educational, and scientific activities were similar to those of other free universities in Europe and the world in this period. A team of provident professors taught and prepared the students for a diplomatic career, and for successful participation in the public and private sector. At the same time, the university became a scientific research centre, and its professors authored numerous high-level textbooks and specialized economics literature. Since its establishment, the Free University maintained international contacts that evolved rapidly into successful collaborations with other similar institutions, prominent scientists, and public figures from over 50 countries around the world. Among them were representatives of the Slavic countries. The cooperation took different forms – personal contacts, correspondence, mutual visits with public lectures, participation in joint educational and scientific forums, international organizations, etc. All this allowed for exchange of personal impressions, up-to-date information, useful professional communication, cultural acquaintance, and spiritual convergence.

Свободноцерковные общины на Северо-Западе России в 1917–1920-е годы

Author(s): V. I. Musaev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 40/2022

The article deals studies the existence and activities of the free Protestant communities (Baptists, Evangelists, Adventists, Pentecostals) in Petrograd/Leningrad and the Russian North-West, from establishment of Soviet power until the end of the 1920s. Soviet power had mixed consequences for the free communities. On the one hand, the new ruling party’s generally negative attitude to religion and its orientation towards constructing an atheist society had negative consequences for all religious organizations. On the other hand, due to elimination of the state church, free communities acquired equal rights with other religious groups. During the first years of Soviet power, anti-religious repressions centered first and foremost on the Russian Orthodox Church. The attitude of the new regime towards religious sects that were previously oppressed under the tsarist regime was more tolerable. Atheist propaganda in the 1920s was not so active as in the next decade. Confiscatory measures against church organizations had less serious consequences for free communities that did not possess considerable assets or real estate. During the 1920s, due to the difficulties experienced by the Orthodox, Roman-Catholic, and Lutheran churches, the free sects managed to intensify their activities and to expand their influence among the believers in the North-West, especially among the ethnic minorities (Finns, Estonians, Latvians, Germans). This situation had lasted until the late 1920s, when a total offensive against religion was initiated.

Северна Добруджа. Пътеписни бележки и спомени за българите (1878-1940) (La Dobrudza du Nord. Notes de voyage et memoires sur les Bulgares /1878-1940/). Състав. Жеко Попов. София, Университетско издателство "Св. Климент Охридски", 1993. 469 с. с ил.

Author(s): Volodya Milachkov / Language(s): French Issue: 2/1995

Сектор новой истории Института истории АН СССР на рубеже 30–40-х годов XX века

Author(s): Olga Vladimirovna Metel / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2020

The activities of the Sector of Modern History of the Institute of History of the USSR Academy of Sciences at the turn of the 1930s–1940s were investigated. The study is of particular interest due to the fact that the history of many Soviet academic institutions has been little considered by Russian historiographers, even though the daily activities of such institutions are immensely important for analysis of the mechanisms of functioning of Soviet historiography as a whole. The study aims at reconstruction of the stage of formation of the Sector of Modern History at the turn of the 1930s–1940s based on office documents, letters of scientists and their memoirs, scientific works, etc. The following aspects were discussed: the personnel structure of the Sector of Modern History; its arrangement; areas of research. The main attention was paid to the latter. The process of working on the key collective research projects of the Sector, i.e., educational literature on modern history for secondary and higher schools and the corresponding volumes of the multi-volume “World History”. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the mechanism of research work developed by the Sector of Modern History in the early 1940s was retained in the subsequent years.

Селищните имена в Босилеградско

Author(s): Anna Choleva-Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2015

Former Kyustendil district until 1919 included 37 villages that after 1920, under the Treaty of Neuilly, remained outside Bulgaria. To Serbian territory entire municipalities have passed: Bistar, Bozhitsa, Bosilegrad, Brestnitsa, Gorna Lisina, Dolna Lyubata, Tzarnoshti-ca; three villages of the municipality of Izvor, two of Bobeshino, one of Dragoychintsi. Bulgarian oikonym system in the early twentieth century undergoes numerous changes – a large number of local names go out of his composition.

СЕЛО У ПОЛИТИЦИ КОМУНИСТИЧКE ПАРТИЈE ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ У ПЕРИОДУ ОД 1919. ДО 1929. ГОДИНЕ

Author(s): Nikola Babić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 11-12/1976

Im Artikel wird die allgemeine Politik der KPJ gegenüber dem Dorf und dem Bauerntum, seit ihrer Gründung 1919, bis zum Jahr 1929 erörtert. Damit werden die Standpunkte der KPJ in Anbetracht der Agrarverhältnisse und der sozial-politischen Einstellung des Bauerntums, sowie die propagandistischen und politischen Massnahmen und Aktionen überhaupt, die von der KPJ im Kampf für das Bauerntum als ersten und wichtigsten Verbündeten des Proletariates, in Betracht gezogen.

Семейството в житейските разкази на бесарабските българи

Author(s): Zhenja Pimpireva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2016

The article is devoted to the role of life stories in the study of the family of theBessarabian Bulgarians. The eyewitnesses’ stories (or the stories of their loved ones)contain various appreciations, experiences, feelings, values, and meanings whichallow the reconstruction of their world. The study is based on the life stories collectedduring field ethnographic expeditions conducted in 2009-2010 in villages witha predominant or significant Bulgarian population in the Republic of Moldova andUkraine.The life stories are an invaluable source for the study of the Bessarabian familyin traditional and contemporary perspective. Sharing them requires a climate of trustbetween the respondents and the researcher. The life stories represent a collection ofselected facts and episodes, in which many hidden, suppressed and forgotten thingsremain beyond the narrative. Because of their subjective character, the family is representedin an estimative and emotional way enabling the identification of the trendsin its development and the judgement of its values and morals.

Сергей Ушакин. Медиум для масс – сознание через глаз: фотомонтаж и оптический поворот в раннесоветской России. М.

Author(s): Jan Levchenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2021

Review of: Сергей Ушакин. “Медиум для масс – сознание через глаз: фотомонтаж и опти-ческий поворот в раннесоветской России. М.”: Музей современного искусства «Гараж», 2020. 328 с. ISBN 9785990971714.

Симон Петлюра в памяти своих соратников в период межвоенной Волыни

Author(s): Ruslana DAVYDIUK / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

The emergence of Ukrainian political emigration on the territory of the Second Polish Republic was due to the defeat of the Ukrainian revolution. The desire to settle on the territory of the Volyn Voivodship was motivated by the people’s eagerness to get into the Ukrainian-language, mostly Orthodox religious environment, which reduced the intensity of the psychological adaptation of the emigrants. The figure of Symon Petliura was controversially evaluated by various political environments, however, in the Volyn Voivodship, the chieftain’s companions treated him mainly respectfully. Starting from 1926, every year in May throughout all western Volyn mourning events took place in the form of memorial services, academies, presentations of abstracts. In the regional centers there were Ukrainian public committees to commemorate the memory of Petliura. The sympathizers of Symon Petliura offered the format of celebrations, their ideological content, celebrated the honor of the Chieftain by collecting funds for the assistance of the Symon Petliura Library in Paris and donations to the funds of the Museum of the Liberation Movement of Ukraine in Prague. Remembrance of the name of Symon Petliura played an important role in unifying emigration, the formation of historical memory. The beginning of the Second World War interrupted this tradition on the territory.

Скопска фабрика алкалоида браће Огњановић 1936–1945.

Author(s): Vladan Z. Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2018

The documents from the sessions of the Opium Advisory Board of the League of Nations in Geneva and the Ministry of Trade and Industry and Yugoslav diplomatic representations in Turkey and Washington were used to reconstruct the unusual business transformation of brothers Sofronije and Filip Ognjanović from western Macedonia, the producers of cheese and dairy products who became the leading (legal) opium processors. However, the involvement of their Skopje-based Yugoslav Alkaloid Factory S & F Ognjanović in illegal production, covering up of ofϐicial data and unscrupulous smuggling of opium derivatives (morphine, heroin and codeine), even across the Atlantic Ocean, have contributed to the general criminalization of this proϐitable economic branch. At the same time, the intensity of their illegal activities led to tightening of Yugoslav-American relations, threatening the export of Macedonian opium to the United States. Given that US pharmaceutical factories purchased almost the entire annual production of Yugoslav raw opium (99%), the Privileged Association for the Export of Agricultural Products (PRIZAD) demanded that the alkaloid factory in Skopje be banned from further operations. Despite the arrest of Sofronije Ognjanović and the seizure of heroin, his factory in Skopje also became a target of the cartel of European opium pro cessors because it continued to export morphine below the market price, thus jeopardizing the dominant position of the Yugoslav opium on the US market. Due to the growing threats of US diplomacy and dissatisϐied Euro pean customers, Yugoslavia has tightened its opium legislation, which, in the wake of the Second World War, led to signiϐicant suppression of illegal production and opium smuggling. Notwithstanding the fact that it caused serious international incidents, the Skopje alkaloid factory continued to operate with a state license, and in the beginning of 1939 founded a car tel of domestic opium processors with the factory in Hrastnik for the joint appearance on the domestic and foreign markets. The alkaloid factory in Skopje also operated during the Bulgarian occupation, and after the liber ation and nationalization in June 1945 continued its operations as a state owned company Alkaloid-Skopje.