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El exilio en París de Vicente Blasco Ibáñez: la imagen de Francia en su correspondencia

El exilio en París de Vicente Blasco Ibáñez: la imagen de Francia en su correspondencia

Author(s): Teresa de Jesús Ángeles Galiano / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 12/2021

This paper analyses the image of France in the writings that the young Vicente Blasco Ibanez produced during his first exile in Paris, taking as a reference point two main documents: the correspondence he maintained with his girlfriend, Maria, who lived in Valencia; and the articles that he published weekly in the newspaper ‘El Correo’ of his hometown. From the theorical study of Imagology, we can see how different visions are projected. Therefore, the consequences that Blasco’ stay entailed for his subsequent literature will be analysed.

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Cultural and Political Interactions in Interwar Romania

Cultural and Political Interactions in Interwar Romania

Author(s): Mihaela Gligor / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2021

It is often said that the interwar Romanian society had a westernized intellectual elite, perfectly connected to what the culture of Western Europe meant at that time. Among the characteristics that defined the intellectual life of interwar Romania were dialogue and the desire to argue elegantly, eruditely, critically, originally, with interlocutors from different fields of humanities and/or sciences. Unfortunately, the effervescence of the interwar period also contains the sad story of a brilliant young generation which fell prey to the destructive passion of politics. Discovering the truth is crucial for two main reasons: we can have a complete image of the generation and we can solve the historical mystery of interwar Romania.

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Американските филантропски организации (ARA, JDC) и хуманитарната помощ за страните в Източна Европа след първата световна война и конкретно за Царство България
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Американските филантропски организации (ARA, JDC) и хуманитарната помощ за страните в Източна Европа след първата световна война и конкретно за Царство България

Author(s): Victor Pogromsky / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

The article reveals issues related to the activities of American humanitarian organizations that actively acted immediately after the First World War with the states of the European continent that were most affected by the hostilities. Despite the fact that Bulgaria was one of the states opposing to the USA during the war, humanistic ideas prevailed in America and the Bulgarian Kingdom was included into the list of countries that received humanitarian support. The American Relief Administration was the most active in Bulgaria, and was commonly known as the ARA and the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (Joint, JDC). The article cites facts that have become key in making decisions regarding the deployment of a humanitarian mission, quantitative indicators of assistance are given. The main centres for the distribution of humanitarian supplies are determined by the cities of Sofia and Plovdiv. The article highlights the activities of American humanitarian organizations (AHOs) in the field of assistance to orphanages, targeted assistance to poor citizens of Bulgaria, assistance in the aftermath of natural disasters. The presented scientific work is in fact the first attempt to systematize and generalize materials on the activities of American humanitarian organizations after the First World War in Bulgaria. The author uses documents previously not included in the scientific circulation from Ukrainian, American and Bulgarian archives, as well as materials from the press and information periodicals of the humanitarian organization.

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Заразне болести у Сарајеву (1918-1928)

Заразне болести у Сарајеву (1918-1928)

Author(s): Aleksandra Pijuk-Pejčić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 50/2021

The paper deals with infectious diseases in Sarajevo (1918 -1928). The absence of modernization processes in the rural area and their insufficiency in the city, primarily the water supply and sewage network, roads, and health care facilities, have caused poor housing and hygiene conditions. Such conditions, accompanied by demobilization and poverty, were the cause of the spread of infectious diseases such as typhus, tuberculosis, scarlet fever, diphtheria, dysentery, Spanish flu, and syphilis. This long-lasting process inherited from the previous authorities was accompanied by health (in)education of the population, so the work on improving health conditions was hampered by a very low level of general sense of hygiene and non-acceptance of the recommendations of contemporary medicine.

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Reformy sądownictwa administracyjnego na Litwie

Reformy sądownictwa administracyjnego na Litwie

Author(s): Jurgita Paužaitė-Kulvinskienė / Language(s): Polish Issue: 98/2022

The study concerns the reforms of the administrative judiciary in Lithuania, starting from the interwar period, and the importance of prof. Mykolas Römeris, to modern times. The Lithuanian model of legal protection against actions of public administration is based on Art. 111 sec. 2 of the Lithuanian Constitution, which provides for the possibility of establishing specialized courts to hear administrative cases. Since 2001, this judiciary has two instances: it consists of district administrative courts as courts of first instance and the Supreme Administrative Court. It is part of the judicial system but is separate from the common and constitutional courts. The Lithuanian administrative judiciary is now considered to be very modern, taking into account progressive European trends. Its characteristic feature are, among others extensive forms of alternative settlement of public law disputes, such as pre-trial proceedings, settlement or mediation. The Lithuanian legislator, however, continues efforts to modernize it further. The subject of the current discussion is the reform of the appeal procedure, assuming an increase in the effectiveness of this procedure by introducing a filtering mechanism for complaints brought to the court of second instance.

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Projekty reform sądownictwa administracyjnego w Polsce

Projekty reform sądownictwa administracyjnego w Polsce

Author(s): Anna Chmielarz-Grochal / Language(s): Polish Issue: 98/2022

The aim of the article is to present the basic assumptions of the reforms of the Polish administrative judiciary. The planned and implemented reforms concerned both the model of administrative judiciary system, as well as the model of adjudication and rules of procedure before administrative courts. The analysis of the implemented solutions, starting from the period of the Second Polish Republic, made it possible to formulate a thesis that the administrative judiciary was subject to evolutionary (developmental) reforms. The article mainly concerns systemic issues, as the creation of a separate, independent, two-instance administrative judiciary was a priority postulate for reforms initiated after Poland regained independence, which appeared in later reform proposals. As the analysis shows, this postulate was fully implemented after the entry into force of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997.

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ŽELJEZNICA »DOVOZI I ODVOZI«: RAZVOJ, STANJE I PERSPEKTIVE INDUSTRIJSKIH KOMPLEKSA NA PROSTORU HRVATSKOG ZAGORJA

ŽELJEZNICA »DOVOZI I ODVOZI«: RAZVOJ, STANJE I PERSPEKTIVE INDUSTRIJSKIH KOMPLEKSA NA PROSTORU HRVATSKOG ZAGORJA

Author(s): Martina JAKOVČIĆ,Josip Kajinić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 17/2021

Railways and development of railway infrastructure played a key role in the development of industry in Hrvatsko zagorje region. During the second half of 19th-century railways »took«workers from Hrvatsko zagorje to Zagreb. After the Second World War railways »brought« workers and goods to large industrial complexes in Hrvatsko zagorje. This paper gives a historical and geographical analysis of the development of industry and its location near railway lines. It analyses development, circumstances of stagnation and current state and possibilities of development. Paper will analyze 10 largest industrial complexes in municipalities Gornja Stubica, Konjščina, Bedekovčina, Hum na Sutli i Kumrovec and towns Zabok, Oroslavje i Krapina located by railway lines.

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Noua generaţie interbelică şi mentorii ei: vasile pârvan şi nae ionescu

Noua generaţie interbelică şi mentorii ei: vasile pârvan şi nae ionescu

Author(s): Corneliu Ciucanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLVIII/2019

Aprés la Grande Union de 1918, la société roumaine davait répondre a une nouvelle agresions dirigée contre la carte méntale et identitaire-spirituelle de peuplé roumaine. Le danger de dissoudre communisme, internationaliste et athée déclanché la réaction nationaliste-chrétienne de jeunesse de l'université, et les lacunes du régime de la démocratie parlementaire roumaine entre les deux guerres mondiales (politicianisme, corruption, démagogie) ont généré la radicalisation de la nouvelle génération et la potentialisation le discours anti-système.

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O viață închinată școlii și bisericii. Profesorul petre gârboviceanu (1862-1934)

O viață închinată școlii și bisericii. Profesorul petre gârboviceanu (1862-1934)

Author(s): Aurel Florin Ţuscanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLVIII/2019

Teacher Petre Gârboviceanu is one of the prominent figures who have carried out a rich activity in organizing the Romanian educational process and making it progress. His activity is similar to that of Spiru Haret and both of them can be regarded as founders and organizers of the modern Romanian education. Petre was born on June 27th, 1862, in a priest’s family. He studied Theology in Râmnicu Vâlcea and Bucharest, then received a scholarship to Germany, obtaining a PhD in Philosophy. Returning to his home country, he received a job as a teacher at the Normal School in Bucharest, where he later took the role of principal. In the same period, he became the headmaster of the Central Seminary in Bucharest. He was elected deputy of Mehedinţi and took the opportunity to support the universal vote. He also believed in the idea of giving peasants land of their own. Together with SpiruHaret, he founded the popular „Albina” magazine, which would circulate through villages, in order to promote education, Christian morals, and culture without any political influences. Petre established the Association of Teaching Staff Members, became a member of the Press Society, a member of the Education Law Committee, a member of the Curriculum Committee etc. On January 30th, 1929, after more than forty years of activity,school teacher Gârboviceanu retired. With this occasion, Patriarch Miron Cristea gave praise for his fruitful work, saying among other things „you were not only a school teacher, but of a whole nation”. On December 31st, 1934, the bold Petre Gârboviceanu, who dedicated his entire life to the progress of Romanian culture, passed away, leaving behind his legacy and a great example for future generations.

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Ana-Maria Goma (1946-2017)
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Ana-Maria Goma (1946-2017)

Author(s): Flori Bălănescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2021

Ana-Maria Goma was born on August 14, 1946, in Bucharest. Her father, Petre Năvodaru (Peter Fischer), was a former outlawed communist, marginalized within the Communist Party, and banned from the signing after his daughter’s marriage to writer Paul Goma in 1968. Due to the harassment of the Securitate, in November 1977, Ana-Maria Goma and their two-year-old son left for Paris, where they applied for asylum status. Ana-Maria Goma stood by her husband in all his actions and decisions until she died, giving up on her career as an interpreter.

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Nicolae Pătrașcu (1903 - 1968)
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Nicolae Pătrașcu (1903 - 1968)

Author(s): Gheorghe Onisoru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2021

Nicolae Pătrașcu was a representative figure among the leaders of the legionary movement in Romania. Born in 1903, he joined the Legion in 1929, becoming its secretary-general in 1940. He fled the country after the January 1941 rebellion but returned in November 1944. He is famous for his "pact" with Communist Interior Minister Teohari Georgescu, signed in December 1945, which remained in force until May 1948. He was then arrested for 16 years. Released in 1964, he died four years later

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Ion Stoian (1927 - 2012)
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Ion Stoian (1927 - 2012)

Author(s): Cristina Diac / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2021

Ion Stoian was the last minister of Foreign Affairs of socialist Romania, appointed in November 1989, one month before the regime’s fall. Stoian was born in a humble family from the Prahova region, one of the most important industrial sites in interwar Romania from where many future socialist leaders originated. Forced to abandon school because of the lack of financial means during the Second World War, the teenager Ion Stoian began his apprenticeship to become a turner. A skilled worker by profession, after the war, he showed interest in politics as well and was recruited for one of the multiple schools created by the Communist Party to train a new political bureaucracy. At the beginning of the 1950s, Ion Stoian started a long career as a professional activist. This biography helps to explore: the typicality and atypicality of Stoian’s career; how the first generation of socialist functionaries was recruited and trained; the most important positions held until 1989; his role in the fall of the regime and during the first moments of transition to post-socialism; Stoian’s fate during post-socialism.

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Despre extrema dreaptă franceză și influența ei în Europa
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Despre extrema dreaptă franceză și influența ei în Europa

Author(s): Florin-Răzvan Mihai / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2021

This is a review of Richard Griffiths' book, France’s Purveyors of Hatred. Aspects of the French Extreme Right and its Influence, 1918–1945, Routledge, Londra și New York, 2021, 230 p.

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Vasile Pârvan (1882-1927). Actualitatea modelului pârvanian

Vasile Pârvan (1882-1927). Actualitatea modelului pârvanian

Author(s): Ioan Mitrea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLVI/2017

S-au împlinit recent 135 de ani de la naşterea ( 28 septembrie 1882 ) şi 90 de ani de la moartea ( 26 iunie 1927) lui Vasile Pârvan. Această nouă aniversare/comemorare este un prilej potrivit de a rememora viaţa şi opera marelui înaintaş. Revenim şi acum asupra acestei mari personalităţi a culturii româneşti, nu atât pentu a aduce noi informaţii, ci mai ales din datoria de a propune atenţiei celor de azi, cu precădere tinerilor, principalele date şi fapte ale vieţii şi operei ilustrului înaintemergător, care fac din Vasile Pârvan un model de mare actualitate.

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Prijungiamasis ryšys lietuvių sintaksės darbuose (xx a. Pirmoji pusė)

Author(s): Artūras Judžentis / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 94/2021

The article analyses, how the types of syntactic relations are described in the works on Lithuanian syntax of the 1st half of the 20th century. The concept and definition of subordination types as well as their application in describing and splitting sentence parts are taken into account. In the works analysed two types of subordination are mentioned–agreement and government. These types are most clearly distinguished in the Kuzmickis’ Syntax of the Lithuanian language. In the other works their conception as subordination types is yet wage. Agreement is described in the all works investigated. Usually they make difference between the agreement of syntactic subject and predicate and the agreement of attribute with his head. However, for the first time it is defined only in Durys’ Syntax of the Lithuanian language (1927). The government is defined for the first time only in Kuzmickis’ Syntax of the Lithuanian language (1930). It is not mentioned at all or mentioned only when dividing types of complements in the other works of syntax. The third type of subordination, which is still common to us –šliejimas was not mentioned at all in the works of Lithuanian syntax before the Soviet occupation.

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Preocupări ale comunităților evreiești din județul Bacău pentru educarea copiilor preșcolari

Preocupări ale comunităților evreiești din județul Bacău pentru educarea copiilor preșcolari

Author(s): Elena Ungureanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLIII/2014

This article presents the preoccupations of the Jewis communities from Bacău County towards the instruction and education of their own children, even from preschool. 4-6 year old children were enrolled in the public kindergartens in their home towns, where, next to the Romanian children, benefidet from the love and care of their kindergarten teachers who made them value the Romanian language, the imagination and the artistic talent. According to the private education legislation, in 1926, a kindergarten with classes taught in Jewis language was founded in Buhuși, in 1924 and in Moinești, in 1928.

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GIMNAZIJSKO UČENIČKO DRUŠTVO SVAČIĆ

GIMNAZIJSKO UČENIČKO DRUŠTVO SVAČIĆ

Author(s): Siniša Horvat / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 32/2021

Student association Svačić was founded in 1906 as a tamburitza orchestra operating within Varaždin Gymnasium and later it was converted into a tamburitza music association that held concerts outside school as well. Led by teacher Milan Stahuljak it consisted of a high-quality tamburitza orchestra and choir as well as a chamber orchestra. By summer 1913 they used to organize music and declamatory productions which were sometimes complemented with amateur shows and organized ballroom dances. Soon thereafter Svačić became one of the must-have participants of all the important events in Gymnasium, and their programs added new qualities to the cultural and entertainment offer in Varaždin. Before World War I teacher Tomislav Miškulin became their choirmaster and he put special emphasis on concert activities of the association. As soon as the political circumstances became more favorable (during and after the war) Svačić performances aided significantly in raising resources for the poor Gymnasium students and casualties of war. As a consequence of the persistent work by Milan Kaman, the new head of Varaždin Gymansium, the dictatorial regime of the king Aleksandar eventually allowed the foundation of Varaždin Gymnasium association „Svačić“ in 1930 so that they may supervise extracurricular activities of the school. The activity of the association was defined by a rulebook („Pravilnik“) which was approved by the Ministry of Education and it was set up through various sections. The first sections to be founded were the music, science, and literary sections, and in the upcoming years sports, visual arts, chess and philatelic sections were set up as well. The board of teachers appointed teachers who were leaders of particular sections which in turn held meetings where they elaborated programs for the so-called soirees. Those were events where sections presented their activities within the school or for the general population. Sometimes they even represented the school on a more formal level as well.

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Folklora un ideoloģija: folkloras teksti latviešu mācību literatūrā PSRS 20. gadsimta 20.-30. gados

Folklora un ideoloģija: folkloras teksti latviešu mācību literatūrā PSRS 20. gadsimta 20.-30. gados

Author(s): Ilze Ļaksa-Timinska / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 42/2020

The focus of this article is Latvian textbooks published in the USSR from 1920-1930 for Latvian pupils living in the Soviet Union, and the use of folklore texts in them. Attention is focused on the principles of the selection of specific texts and how the authors of textbooks interpret folklore texts. This research aims to determine how folklore units available in Soviet Latvian textbooks resonated with the dominant dogmas of the Marxist-Leninist ideology in the USSR. The first half of the article describes the most important aspects of the Soviet Latvian diaspora and the organization of education. In this part of the study, all Soviet Latvian textbooks issued from 1920- 1930 were examined: ABC, Latvian language and literature textbooks, school reading books and chrestomathies, as well as published selections of folklore units (24 books in all), not all of them included folklore texts. The focus of the analysis is only those books in which folklore had been published. The analyzed folklore units show how these texts can be used for propaganda purposes using various methods: by selectively picking out only those folklore units that correspond to the Marxist-Leninist ideology, commenting and creating paratexts, ignoring Latvian folklore genres (mythical songs, magic tales), using metrics and formulas of classical folklore to create texts with new content glorifying Soviet reality.

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Serviciul sanitar al judeţului Covurlui în prima jumătate a secolului al XX-lea. Politică şi legislaţie sanitară

Serviciul sanitar al judeţului Covurlui în prima jumătate a secolului al XX-lea. Politică şi legislaţie sanitară

Author(s): Gabriela Vulpe / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLII/2013

Institution specialized in the medical field, the Healthcare Department enjoyed a well determined in the Romanian society along its existence, by the established regulations. In its entirety, the health legislation addresses the technical-organizational aspects related to the work of this institution. In order to achieve a single program, the ministries to which it was subordinated (formerly the Ministry of Interior, afterwards the Ministry of Health and Social Security that after the fusion with the Ministry of Labour becomes the Ministry of Labour, Health and Social Security) establish compulsorily, by agreement with the concerned authorities (prefectures, town halls, police, justice, education, culture, church), activity programs and measures in order to improve the medical network which will be involved in local communities issues.

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Iulian Antonescu (1932-1991). Un spirit ales al culturii româneşti

Iulian Antonescu (1932-1991). Un spirit ales al culturii româneşti

Author(s): Ioan Mitrea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLI/2012

Iulian Antonescu (1932-1991) is a name representative of Romanian culture in the second half of the 20th century. Exceptional museographer, 15 museums networks , from the region of Bacau, archaeologist, history, professor, great speaker, good translator by medieval poetry and national director of the museums. He remains a model man gifted in all domains that he was involved.

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