Румыны за Днестром: Молдавская АССР в румынской историографии

Author(s): M. Ya. Medinets / Language(s): Russian Issue: 6/2016

This paper analyzes the interpretation of the Moldavian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic in the Romanian historiography of the 1920s – 1940s, as well as in contemporary academic and publicistic literature of Moldova. Special attention has been paid to the problem of how the concept of Transdniestria as a part of the Romanian ethnic territory developed. Furthermore, the understanding of the USSR policy concerning this region by Romanian historians has been investigated. It has been found that today’s Romanian historians rely mainly on the image of the Moldavian ASSR that developed in the historiography of interwar Romania. They have controversial opinions on the Moldavian autonomy. On the one hand, its establishment lived up to the expectations of the residents in this region. On the other hand, they turned out to be placed under the alien power. Romanian authors consider Transdniester Moldovans as an integral part of the Romanian nation, believing that the Soviet experiments in the sphere of culture were meant to distance Moldovans from their Romanian origin. In the political perspective, the Moldavian autonomy is perceived as a platform for spread of communism in the Balkan area, primarily in Romania.

Руска и српска традиција у новим околностима: СССР и Југославија 1918–1941.

Author(s): Aleksej J. Timofejev / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

After the February (March) events of 1917 in Russia; Serbian government was left without Russian support in negotiations with the Entente, regarding the future of Southeastern Europe. The provisional government neither wanted nor was able to have its own opinion on the future of the Balkans. The relations between the two countries have become even more tense after the outbreak of the Bolshevik (October) Revolution. The Bolshevik regime was jeopardizing diplomatic position of Serbia by declassifying and publishing top-secret diplomatic documents which included arrangements for future annexations and negotiations on a separate peace. After the Serbian diplomatic missions and military personnel were withdrawn to the Russian territory controlled by the Entente, some of the Serbian officers and soldiers became involved in the Civil War on both sides, although the offi cial Serbian att itude was, in spite of negative stance towards the Bolsheviks, “not to permit the use of Serbian army against the Russians.” During the interwar period there were two active social phenomena connected with former Russia - the political influence of the Comintern and the Russian emigration. Conservative circles gathered around Serbian King Aleksandar and Patriarch Varnava, who represented the most important patrons of Russian emigration in interwar Yugoslavia, were directly opposed to any relationship with the Bolsheviks. Yet in 1930s a new generation of Serbian politicians grew up which was culturally oriented towards France while politically it was inclined towards the United Kingdom; this generation of Yugoslav politicians was active in Soviet era and they had no recollections of imperial Russian era. On the other hand, the right-wing, anticommunist majority of Russian emigration, traditionally close to the Russian-German cultural ties, even though unable to understand the imperial nature of Nazism, was sympathetic to the Nazi Germany. In fact, it was a tragic discord between the Russian emigration in Yugoslavia and a signifi cant part of the Serbian people. The interwar activities of Comintern, KPJ and VKP (b) had an obvious anti-government impact, which accelerated the deterioration of Serbian-Russian relations. The infl uence of the Russian Revolution and the Soviet experience was quite obvious in the future actions of Yugoslav Bolsheviks. The Yugoslav political emigration in interwar Soviet Union was also aff ected by strong impressions of Stalinist repression. On the other hand, many Russian emigrants and exponents of Soviet policy took part in the Second World War in Yugoslavia, which strengthened the spirit of civil war and resistance. As the war ended, Russian society overcame the most of mental divisions caused by the civil war, while the situation in Yugoslavia and Serbia was quite the opposite. The liberation of eastern Yugoslav territories from the German armed forces, achieved by both partisan (cca. 40 thousand members of the National Liberation Army of Yugoslavia) and Soviet (300 thousand troops and Red Army) troops was followed by installation of a brutal one-party dictatorship of Soviet model. After the world wars era the ideological closeness between the most of Serbian and Russian people became more appreciable as the new period of ideological emanations from Russia was devoid of former ideological concepts. In this dramatic period, Serbs and Russians have established closer relations than ever before.

Руската православна църква през 20-те години на XX век

Author(s): Pavel, Archimandrite Stefanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5-6/1998

The movement for reforms in the Russian Church began much earlier than the cataclysms in the state and gathered speed with the council which was convened in 1917–1918 and restored the patriarchy. The strategic aim of the Bolshevik regime was to liquidate the church as an institution by separating it from the state and depriving it of legal status. With state support, a powerful atheist movement was organized. In the 20s the Church faced severe problems such as the expropriation of its valuables when hunger arose, the persecution of the clergy and the faithful, the renovationist and emigrant schisms. In spite of some hesitation and contradiction, it took the historically correct step of officially recognizing the legitimacy of Bolshevik power in 1927. The internal church opposition to this act was expressed in the appearance of a catacomb wing which still exist today.

РУСКИ ПОЗОРИШНИ УМЕТНИЦИ У СРБИЈИ ИЗМЕЂУ ДВА СВЕТСКА РАТА

Author(s): Miroslav Antić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 168-169/2014

Најзначајнијe масовно досељавање Руса у Србију јавља се као последица једног сложеног и турбулентног политичког периода у Русији. Тај период обележава Први светски рат, Октобарска револуција, распад Руског царства, долазак комуниста на власт, грађански рат. Досељеници су углавном били противници нове власти у Москви или они који јој нису били по вољи. Њих чине, између осталих, заповедници и војници такозваних „белих“ снага, високе верске старешине, представници пререволуционарне државне власти, научници, образовни и културни радници, архитекте, уметници међу којима и руски позоришни уметници свих профила, којима припада централно место ове теме.

РУСКИТЕ ИМИГРАНТИ И КУЛТУРНИТЕ НАСТАНИ ВО ШТИП ВО ПЕРИОДОТ 1923 – 1927 ГОДИНА

Author(s): Verica Josimovska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 1/2016

This paper researches a very interesting period of the Stip history, the time period from 1923 to 1927 when in the ruined Stip many significant cultural events happened. Namely, after seven years of war, which were led on this territories, and great epidemics of zygotic diseases that these wars brought, with many victims, the population was totally poor, decimated and living as a rough sleepers because their homes were ruined and they cannot allow themselves to live in such conditions. The Stip of that kind opened its doors to Russian immigrants who accepted it as their new homeland. They managed in such conditions to create an atmosphere where it will be spoken about theatre, opera, song bends, concerts, and clubs for body education (Sokoli)…… That period became an unforgettable part of the then Stip’s life which marked it forever.

Руските революции през погледа на Николай Бердяев

Author(s): Asya Atanasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2016

Russian revolutions of 1917 still attract the attention of the historians. Was Russia able to avoid those cataclysms? Why was the Proletarian revolution accomplished in an undeveloped rural country? These and many other questions have answers sought in the perspicacious books of the Russian religious philosopher Nikolai Berdyaev. He is the man who saw the truth that the revolution was the internal destiny of the Russian people and that Bolshevism could only be defeated with intellectual overcoming and not with guns.

Руските следи в междувоенна София

Author(s): Iskra Baeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2017

A presentation of "“Little Russia” on the yellow paving stones"

Русская культура через взгляд евразийцев

Author(s): Petya B. Dimitrova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2-3/1997

Русская Франция как на ладони? - Русское зарубежье. Хроника научной, культурной и общественной жизни. 1920-1940. Франция.

Author(s): Ivan P. Savickij / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1998

Review of: "Русское зарубежье. Хроника научной, культурной и общественной жизни.1920-1940. Франция." YMCA-Press Paris - EKSMO Moscow, 1995-1997. 4 volumes. by: Ivan Savickij

Русская эскадра в 1920–1924 гг.: люди и судьбы в документах военно-исторического архива в Венсене

Author(s): M. M. Rudkovskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 26/2019

The article describes the fate of the unique archives of the headquarters of the Russian Squadron, which was located at the port of Bizerte from 1921 to 1924. After evacuating of the Crimea and spending a short time in Constantinople, the Russian military fleet was sent to this distant colonial port, where the squadron existed until France recognized Soviet Russia in October 1924. After the liquidation of the squadron as a separate military unit, archival documents were stored in Bizerte for several years, and in 1935 were transported to the Military-Historical Archive in Toulon. However, only in 1981, after the transfer of the archives for permanent storage to the Historical Service of the French Army in Vincennes, was this documentary collection officially included in the archive. The author raises questions about the creation and description of the collection and analyzes reference materials available for contemporary scholars. Special attention is devoted to an in-depth description of the collections along chronological and thematic principles, including a detailed classification of documents. In addition, the author describes a collection of various French-language sources related to the history of the Russian Squadron, which are stored in various collections of the Defense Historical Division at the Château de Vincennes.

Русские военные инвалиды в Польше в 1920–1930-е годы: организация, персоналии, повседневность

Author(s): Svetlana I. Nikonova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 36/2021

The article examines the dramatic history of the survival of Russian disabled veteran emigrants in Poland in the 1920s–1930s. The main aim is to highlight issues of the financial situation of disabled veterans, their legal status and self-organization, and the humanitarian activity of the Union of Russian Disabled Veteran Emigrants in Poland. The paper reflects the adjustment difficulties of disabled veterans in Poland, aspects of the mixed attitude of the Polish authorities to Russian emigrants, and the internal problems of the emigrant community. Continuous support and assistance to disabled people and their families, and care for disadvantaged fellow countrymen are he focus. The article shows the efforts of the Board of the Union of Russian Disabled Veteran Emigrants in Poland, not only to support disabled people financially, but also to encourage the emigrant community’s morale and to oppose the marginalization of disabled veterans. The paper states the fundamental reasons for moral problems associated with the physical well-being of disabled people, the lack of prospect awareness, the loss of hope for a status change and receiving Polish citizenship, and the loss of connections with Russia. The article presents features of everyday life of the Russian disabled veteran emigrants; it observes the policy of the Union’s Board in relation both to Polish authorities and to members of the Union. In the 1920s and 1930s the Union of Russian Disabled Veteran Emigrants remained the only uniting center for disadvantaged Russian people, and its leaders honestly fulfilled their duties. The author used materials from the documents of the Russian archives (State Archive of the Russian Federation, Russian State War and Historical Archive), and newly available documents of the Lithuanian Central State Archive (LCVA).

Русские эмигранты в Чехословакии

Author(s): Elena Serapionova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2007

В 2000-2001 гг. в Праге вышел солидный двухтомный труд коллектива авторов Славянского института Академии наук Чешской республики под редакцией Л.Белошевской ≪Хроника культурной, научной и общественной жизни русской эмиграции в Чехословацкой республике≫. Работа охватывает двадцатилетний период жизни русских эмигрантов в ЧСР с 1919 по 1939 гг. Материал расположен в хронологическом порядке, первый том (368 с.) содержит информацию о культурных, научных и общественных мероприятиях, проводимых русскими на территории Чехословакии в двадцатые, а второй том (640 с.) - в тридцатые годы.

Русский «генштабист», дважды спасенный Л.Д.Троцким: Генерального штаба генерал-майор С.И.Одинцов

Author(s): Valera V. Kaminskiy / Language(s): Russian Issue: 21/2017

This was a man whose fate often took on many strange colours that were at times quite tragic. Having started after the end of the AGSh at the General Staff, like every young graduate of the “General Staff” alma mater, he got carried away by aviation and even flew on dirigibles himself… Our hero succeeded at this “fashionable” occupation in the beginning of the last century so much so that he even headed the air school. However, an inadvertently said word forced him to abandon aviation and return to the path in which he began his service in the Russian Imperial Army, to the army cavalry. The specific situation in which Sergei Ivanovich Odintsov found himself in the spring of 1918 was also that he not only became one of the first “General Staff” officers of the Red Army, but also one of the first victims of the Chekist terror among the Red Army’s General Staff Corps. Once in military service with the Bolsheviks, Sergei Ivanovich was twice arrested and twice saved from prison and returned to the service in the Red Army by the “guardian angel” of the corps of the Red Army General Staff, Chairman of the Revolutionnary Military Soviet of Republic (RVSR), L.D.Trotsky. In his personal life, our protagonist also suffered many troubles: he divorced his wife as early as 1919, and their eldest son lost both legs having fallen under a tram. The author hopes that this article will shed additional light on the biography of another specialist of the Russian and Soviet General Staff, whose apogee of life and military service fell precisely for the years of the “second Russian Troubles” of 1917–1920

Русский исход. Отв. ред. Е. М. Миронова

Author(s): Ivan P. Savickij / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2007

Review of: "The Russian outcome". Otv. Ed. E. M. Mironov. The Russian Academy of Sciences. Institute of World History. St. Petersburg, Aleteya, 2004. 320 pp. by: Ivan Savickij

Русский свободный университет (Русская ученая академия) в годы второй мировой войны

Author(s): M. Dostal,E. Aksenova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/1998

В последнее время научные учреждения русской эмиграции в межвоенной Чехословакии стали предметом пристального внимания исследователей. Несколько работ в той или иной степени освещают и деятельность Русского народного (позднее - свободного) университета в Праге, как правило, ограничиваясь 1938 годом. В фонде РСУ в Государственном архиве Российской Федерации (ГАРФ) большинство документов также относятся к 1920-1930-м годам. В книге В. Т. Пашуто лишь кратко упоминается о дальнейшем существовании университета. Изучая личные фонды русских эмигрантов в Архиве Академии наук (А. В. Флоровский) и в ГАРФ (П. А. Остроухов, М. М. Новиков, А. Н. Фатеев др.), авторам настоящей статьи удалось обнаружить немало сведений об истории РСУ в годы Второй мировой войны, когда он назывался Русской ученой академией. Именно этот последний период его деятельности вплоть до закрытия в послевоенные годы будет предметом рассмотрения данной статьи.

Русское зарубежье. Золотая книга эмиграции.

Author(s): Zdenek Sládek,Milushe Zadrazhilova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1998

Review of: "Russia Abroad: GoldBook of Emigration. The first third of the XX century." Biographical Encyclopedia. Moscow, The Russian Political Encyclopedia (ROSSPEN), 1997. - 747 p. Appendix: Index of entries. Photos in the text. by: Zdenek Sladek, Milushe Zadrazhilova

Русское и советское в изображении шанхайского иллюстрированного журнала «Шидай маньхуа» (1934–1937 годы)

Author(s): Maria A. Guleva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7(176)/2018

The article deals with the image of the USSR and the Russians in one of the most famous illustrated magazines of the Republic of China, Shidai Manhua. Clichés and stereotypes existing in Chinese society towards the neighbouring country and its people during the complicated period in bilateral relations before World War II were a response to the events in the USSR itself, in the world and in China. Shidai Manhua’s publications show which actions undertaken by the Soviet government were seen as exemplary and which ones were perceived as menacing. It is essential that in the 1920s and the 1930s, some Chinese cities became the refuges for emigrants fleeing the 1917 revolutions, with these emigrants also appearing in Shidai Manhua. This creates a juxtaposition between the image of Soviet Russia and those Russians who had to leave it. The analysis of the magazine materials shows that the USSR often seemed to be a dangerous neighbour rather than a reliable ally, while the life of Soviet citizens appeared murky and was not associated with the lifestyle of Russian refugees in Chinese cities.

Русское национальное меньшинство в Эстонской республике (1918-1940).

Author(s): Zdenek Sládek / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2001

Review of:"Russian national minority in the Republic of Estonia (1918-1940)." Edited by prof. S. G. Isakova. Tartu, St. Petersburg, "Cripta", 2000. 449 p. by: Zdenek Sladek

Русыфікацыйныя працэсы ў Беларусі ў ацэнцы Станіслава Станкевіча

Author(s): Nina Barszczewska / Language(s): Belarussian Issue: 07/2005

Ръководни дейци на македонските дружества в Бургас в периода 1921 – 1946 г.

Author(s): Georgi Drakliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The study focuses on the legal Macedonian societies existing in Burgas, in the period from the end of the First to the end of the Second World War, and more precisely from the establishment of the first Macedonian society in 1921 to 1946 when those societies took full control of the Bulgarian Communist Party. The aim is to search for and shed light on the names of the leading figures of the Macedonian societies in Burgas. An interesting aspect of the study is to reveal the fact that Burgas Macedonian societies, although legal, acted in full synchrony with the illegal IMRO and supported it morally and materially. The topic is completely unexplored as there have been no publications on it, neither in the press nor in scientific journals. Thedata for the research are taken from the State Archives – Burgas, where a lot of documents on the topic are kept in the fund of the three main Macedonian societies. Data from the funds of the Burgas Macedonian-Edirne Volunteer Association and the Regional Police Inspectorate have also been used.