Интеллигенция и духовный кризис в России после 1917 года

Author(s): Andrey V. Kvakin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2014

The work analyzes the influence declining traditional values after the revolution of 1917 on formation of «new morals». It is shown that freedom of the intersexual relations was ambiguously estimated within the intelligentsia and the first legislative decisions of the new power caused their impact upon it. All this led to depreciation of a traditional family. It is shown that from the second half of the 1920-s there begins «a new socialist Domostroy (domestic tyranny)». The example of intelligentsia shows the consequences of this policy.

La Nouvelle revue de Hongrie et ses amis Français (1932–44). La Cause Hongroise: Une Machine a Voyager dans le Temps Pour les Catholiques et les Jeunes Non-Conformistes

Author(s): Henri De Montety / Language(s): French Issue: 2/2009

Hungary in the 1930s was a pretext for some contemporaries, just as it is again for the historian. In the perception of French people, especially young nonconformists, Catholics and certain monarchists, Hungary was an anachronistic world in which they could observe the contours of their own aspirations and contradictions; the Hungarian cause was, in a way, an outward manifestation of their own situation at the dawn of the modern world. The majority of these Magyarophiles were conquered by the Hungarian Review (1932-44), a magazine written in French in Budapest under the direction of Georges Ottlik and Joseph Balogh. However, the nature of the Hungarian objectives, as well as the constraints which weighed on the magazine, made that, in reality, these very rarely reached a real communion of spirit with their French friends. Despite these divergences, it appeared to me that the Franco-Hungarian friendship of the 1930s followed a general evolution in three phases, linked, on the one hand, to the territorial revision prospects for Hungary, and on the other hand in the future of Europe in general: Hope (1932-36); Faith (1935-39); Charity (1939-44). Hungary in the 1930s is a way of observing, in particular circumstances, the challenge of modernity as well as the difficulties faced by men who had to confront it in scattered ranks despite their efforts to form a coherent front, placed behind the Hungarian flag.

Profesinis orientavimas Lietuvoje

Author(s): Danguolė Beresnevičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 9/2002

The article deals with the problem of understanding of the terms: „vocation" „vocational guidance" „vocational orientation", which meaning were changing during the time and according to the theories of different researchers in this field.

THE IMPACT OF EMIGRANTS AND REEMIGRANTS ON SLOVAK SOCIETY (1880’S - 1920’S)

Author(s): Elena JAKEŠOVÁ / Language(s): English Issue: 33+34/1998

The purpose of this study is to mention the reemigration factor and its consequences, namely the influence that the returnees from the U.S.A. had on the attitudes of Slovak society in the forty years between the 1880’s and the 1920’s. The reemigrants were not only the bearers of material assets. They also brought back new experiences and their way of thinking became generally recognized and influenced the rural community. State oppression, however, did not allow for the coordination of their activities, nor did it enable the reemigrants to act in support of the national movement. Reemigration tendencies emerged among American Slovaks after WW I. The fact-finding delegations of American Slovaks, who came to Slovakia in the post-war years, were successful in influencing Slovak politics. However, only a few individuals remained in Slovakia and entered politics. The majority of the returnees, however, came back to their original villages and devoted themselves to agriculture.

ВІЙСЬКОВИЙ КОСТЮМ У ВИСТАВАХ ТЕАТРІВ УКРАЇНИ ПЕРШОЇ ПОЛОВИНИ ХХ СТ.

Author(s): Iryna Ivanivna Nesen / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 2/2021

The purpose of the article is focused on the analysis of the distribution of military costumes in Ukrainian theatrical performances of the first half of the twentieth century. We consider the role and significance of military costumes as an important component of the construction of the mise-en-scène of the play and the means of creating its texture to be especially important here. Methodology. The methods used to achieve this goal are used in the sequence and interaction of the practice group and the theoretical group. First, based on a combination of cultural-historical and historicalcomparative methods, it is important to trace the first examples of the appearance of characters in military costumes in the plot of the play and establish their meanings. Thus, historicism allows us to establish the main trends and traditions that emerged in the chronotypes of various performances. Given the need to superimpose images from the dramatic text on the images of characters and the composition of mise-en-scène, it is also necessary to use the hermeneutic method. The scientific novelty is due to the lack of academic works and publications on this topic, and therefore the article for the first time raises the question of the development of the typology of theatrical costume during the first half of the twentieth century. The conclusions obtained by the author during the analysis of the collected materials are based on the three most important points. Military costume in Ukrainian drama and performance was used in the XIX century as a marker of individual characters who particularly influenced the decision of the culminating events of the plot and were the bearers of special skills and abilities. The appearance of plots related to revolutionary events in the play makes the military costume on the stage popular. In the synthesis of the arts involved in the play, the military costume became the leading texture that formed the latest mythologies of characters and meanings in theatrical art.

Ръководни дейци на македонските дружества в Бургас в периода 1921 – 1946 г.

Author(s): Georgi Drakliev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The study focuses on the legal Macedonian societies existing in Burgas, in the period from the end of the First to the end of the Second World War, and more precisely from the establishment of the first Macedonian society in 1921 to 1946 when those societies took full control of the Bulgarian Communist Party. The aim is to search for and shed light on the names of the leading figures of the Macedonian societies in Burgas. An interesting aspect of the study is to reveal the fact that Burgas Macedonian societies, although legal, acted in full synchrony with the illegal IMRO and supported it morally and materially. The topic is completely unexplored as there have been no publications on it, neither in the press nor in scientific journals. Thedata for the research are taken from the State Archives – Burgas, where a lot of documents on the topic are kept in the fund of the three main Macedonian societies. Data from the funds of the Burgas Macedonian-Edirne Volunteer Association and the Regional Police Inspectorate have also been used.

Polish-Soviet War in Film and Cinema: A New Perspective Based on the Films For You, O Poland (1920) and Miracle on the Vistula (1921)

Author(s): Karina Pryt / Language(s): English Issue: 124/2021

The Polish-Soviet War, particularly the Battle of Warsaw (13–25 August 1920), soon became a subject of legend and myth. Irrespective of its fundamental political significance, the defeat of the Red Army was glorified as salvation for both Poland and Europe in military, ideological and metaphysical terms. Conducted beyond academia, the narrative was forged mainly by veterans, the Catholic Church and various forms of literature and art. Due to government subsidies, documentary and feature films also conveyed a normative notion of these dramatic events and their participants. This article focuses on cinematic works like Dla Ciebie, Polsko [For You, o Poland, PL 1920], and Cud nad Wisłą [The Miracle on the Vistula, PL 1921] produced in order to commemorate the war between the Poles and the Bolsheviks. Taking the iconic turn, this article scrutinises the cinematic self-portrait of the Polish nation that had already been ‘imagined’ as a bulwark of European culture in the East by earlier literary works. Spotlighting protagonists who were given a place in the pantheon of national heroes, it also asks about those who were denigrated or marginalised like women and Jews. Finally, using quantitative methods and Geographical Information System (QGIS) as a tool, the article juxtaposes the maledominated, ethnically and confessional homogeneous ‘imagined nation’ with the film entrepreneurs and actual cinema audiences characterised by their diversity.

The Relationship between the State and Universities in the Czech Lands 1849-1939

Author(s): Lukáš Fasora / Language(s): English Issue: 124/2021

This text summarises the results of extensive research into the relationship between the state and universities in 1849–1939, i.e. between the so-called ‘Thun reform’ and the closure of Czech universities by the Nazis. The focus is on the state’s respect for the privileged position of universities and the monitoring of tensions arising from the clash between legislation and the universities’ day-to-day operations, resulting mainly from satisfying the economic needs of universities on the one hand, and the interpretation of the responsibility and discipline of their academic staff towards the state and society on the other. The research shows the advancing erosion of the so-called Prussian (Humboldt’s) concept of an autonomous national-oriented university and the difficult search for a democratic alternative in interwar Central Europe’s unstable political and economic conditions.

Ways of Othering: Literary Image of Russians in Habsburg Lviv

Author(s): Katarzyna Kotyńska / Language(s): English Issue: 53/2021

The popular image of multicultural Lviv/Lwów in general, and under Habsburg rule in particular, usually excludes Russians from the group of genuine city dwellers. The main aim of this paper is to analyze the few portrayals of Russians in literary texts relating to the period of WWI. I compare Polish strategies of othering Russians as barbarians and an insidious element, prevalent in the literature for young readers of the 1920s, with the tendency of some Ukrainian authors to create a more nuanced image in the mass literature of the 2010s. The analysis of ways of othering Russians in the two identified groups of literary texts considers the geopolitical and national identity issues underpinning these trends.

„Где е слога тамъ е Бога“, или за предизвестеното разцепление на Ениджевардарско-Гумендженското благотворително дружество в София през 1936 г.

Author(s): Radoslav Hristoskov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

After the debacle of Bulgaria in the First World War and the collapse of the ideal of national unification, tens of thousands of Macedonian Bulgarians left their native lands and settled in the Bulgarian state. They set up their own charity organizations – societies and fraternities. The publication examines the development of one of these organizations – Enidje Vardar Gumendje Charity Society. The article traces processes that developed in it under the influence of the deepening division in IMRO. The statutes of the Society, as well as that of the independent Enidje Vardar Fraternity, established after the split in 1936, are published for the first time.

6 май 1935 г. Гергьовден. Един неизвестен фрагмент от живота на Неврокопския митрополит Борис

Author(s): Yoan (Peshev) Hieromonk / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2021

The article examines an episode from the life of the newly elected Metropolitan of Nevrokop Boris. The incident, relayed in a later letter by Archimandrite Methodius in his position as an eyewitness, is insignificant at first glance, but in fact represents Boris’s first meeting with his future physical killer. The letter is probably the earliest evidence containing a proposal for the canonization of the Bulgarian metropolitan killed during the first years of the communist regime.

Gulyás Károly, un bibliotecar de altădată

Author(s): Réka Bányai / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2006

Gulyás Károly (1873-1948) was born at Debreţin. After finishing the first part of his education, he began his courses at Budapest, studying plastic arts. In 1902 he moved to Târgu-Mureş, teaching painting, calligraphy and other related subjects. In november 1907 he became librarian at Teleki Library and his activity lasted 35 years. During his activity at Teleki Library he proved to be a very determined man, working hard in order to organize the collections on superior level. After profound researches, he published many articles and studies about the most important and valuable documents from library. Probably the most important of his papers is the monography dedicated to Teleki Sámuel, published in 1944.

Sztetl Orla

Author(s): Elijahu Noach Halperin / Language(s): Polish Issue: 108/2021

A Podlasie town in the photograph and the memoirs of the last local rabbi

Međuratni modernizam: Nałkowska i Krleža — metafora »zle ljubavi« poljske i hrvatske književnosti

Author(s): Tea Rogić Musa / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2021

This paper shall attempt to explain, from a literary historical perspective, the genesis of the Croatian translation of Zofja Nałkowska’s novel Niedobra miłość, considering the state and tendencies — both related and disparate — in Polish prose in the time of interwar Modernism and Croatian literature in the early 1930s, keeping in mind that the translation by Zdenka Marković, Zla ljubav, and Miroslav Krleža’s novel Povratak Filipa Latinovicza, were both printed in 1932.

Protopopul Reghinului, Ariton M. Popa Biobibliografie

Author(s): Ana Todea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 7/2008

During the inter-war period, the archpriest Ariton M. Popa became one of the most important public figures of the socio-cultural life from Reghin. This study, dedicated to him, is divided into two parts; the first one is a brief biography, that points the most important moments of his life; the second part, is a selective bibliography that contains a list of the papers the archpriest wrote during his activity and also a list of references, that means books and articles having as subject his life and activity.

Kolegiata w Myszyńcu w świetle nowych ustaleń i atrybucji

Author(s): Tomasz Grygiel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2021

The largest church of the Kurpie Region: the Collegiate Church of the Holy Trinity in Myszyniec, was initially considered a work of Adolf Schimmelpfennig. However, on the grounds of archival sources it has been ascertained that it was Franciszek Przecławski who was its designer, and that the Church was raised in 1909-1922. Analysing the reasons for Schimmelpfennig's name having been associated with the Myszyniec Collegiate Church, the forms of its free-standing belfry, socalled gate tower, are analysed; the Author concludes that it is Schimmelpfennig who was responsible for the remodelling of the belfry in 1867-1868.

Jolanta Ambrosewicz-Jacobs, Islands of Memory. The Landscape of the (Non) Memory of the Holocaust in Polish Education from 1989 to 2015

Author(s): Elżbieta Mach / Language(s): English Issue: 74/2021

Inwestycje austriackie w Polsce przed 1989 rokiem

Author(s): Agnieszka Kisztelińska-Węgrzynska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 29/2021

Austrian investments in Poland developed with varying intensity throughout the 20th century. The Second Austrian Republic exerted a visible influence on the eastern area in terms of entrepreneurship, the intensity of this process, the degree of generated changes and the effects in relation to Poland require clarification. Poland was treated by post-war Austria as an initiator of changes in the region and a partner in the exchange of goods and raw materials. The aim of the article is to assess the impact of Austrian economic stimuli, mainly direct investments, on the political situation in Poland. Their effectiveness is estimated on the basis of specific initiatives undertaken, not only for the sake of the national interest of the republic, but also responsibility for economic and political support for the area of Central and Eastern Europe. An important question remains how the Polish government reacted to the offers made by the Austrian authorities. The adopted hypothesis concerns integration in the region. The Austrians, through cooperation with Poland, sought to strengthen the economic and political position of the neighboring eastern countries.

ROZPROSZONE DZIEDZICTWO. KWESTIA REWINDYKACJI POLSKICH ZASOBÓW ARCHIWALNYCH

Author(s): Anna Krochmal / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Poland is a country with one of the most dispersed archival resources. This situation was clearly influenced by important historical events, including, in particular, the catastrophe of partitions at the end of the 18th century and the two subsequent world wars. From the 17th century until the Second World War, there were looting or relocating Polish cultural goods to Poland’s neighboring countries (mainly Russia and Germany). The article presents the main stages of recovery proceedings in relation to archival materials undertaken by the Polish state against its neighbors from Eastern and Western Europe. The first attempts to restore the plundered collections took place in the 17th century, based on the provisions of the peace treaties in Oliwa (with Sweden concluded in 1660) or in Andruszów (truce with Russia in 1667). The first major recovery action, which brought concrete results and concerned lost cultural goods, was the implementation of the provisions of the Treaty of Riga of March 18, 1921. Article XI of the Treaty was of fundamental importance for archival matters. It provided for the return from Soviet Russia of all materials taken from Poland after January 1, 1772. A Mixed Polish-Soviet Special Commission was established to implement these decisions, with the participation of eminent specialists (historians, archivists, librarians). Their activities resulted in the return to 1924 of 31 wagons of archival materials, including archives from the period of the First Polish Republic and files taken by the Russians in 1915. Files from Austria and Germany were restored during the Second Polish Republic on a much smaller scale. The second wave of recovery took place after 1945. The main materials recovered from Germany were the result of the so-called Adam Stebelski’s mission in 1946-1949. Archives from the USSR returned to Poland twice, in the years 1945-1952 and 1957-1964. Until today, many source materials taken from Poland to the USSR or Germany have not been recovered, therefore recovery remains a topical and open issue in relations with these countries.

HISTORIA POWROTU OŁTARZA MARIACKIEGO

Author(s): Ewa Rzeczkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Review of: Ewa Rzeczkowska - Agata Wolska, Zagrabiony, odzyskany. Historia powrotu ołtarza Wita Stwosza do Krakowa, Wydawnictwo Literackie, Kraków 2019, ss. 403.