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Las polacas w Buenos Aires: prostytutki w historii i kulturze

Author(s): Agata Draus-Kłobucka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2021

The article discusses the literary and cultural uses of so-called white slavery – the prostitution and pimping in the Americas (especially in South America) of women from Eastern Europe at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. This motif, tragically linking the history of Poland and Argentina, is associated with historiographic, literary, and sociological research. The article analyses various attitudes of historians towards the issue and the scope of ideological issues (in particular, the issue of anti-Semitism) and criticises the impact of the specificity of media coverage on the sensational nature of reports on the white slave trade. The main aim of the work is to present to the Polish reader both the historical context and the literary and cultural realisations of the subject in a multi-faceted manner, especially since only a few works have been translated into Polish. The second goal is to identify repetitions in prose, dramas, and audio-visual texts depicting the stories of Eastern European prostitutes in South America

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Miejsce tradycji. Refleksja autobiograficzna Wilhelminy Zyndram -Kościałkowskiej

Author(s): Dawid Maria Osiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2020

The paper is an attempt at showing - through the prism of autobiographical reflection - the location of tradition, as understood by Wilhelmina Zyndram-Kościałkowska (1844-1926), a translator, writer and literary critic. The notion of location is understood by the author as a particular, restricted, time-spatial reservoir of meanings, perceived in a broader perspective, that is as a component of a larger whole. The location of tradition is a segment and stage concerning a problem residuum of meanings in culture and history, as well as in the history of thought, which has been located in the space of individual biography of Kościałkowska, constructed with an old hand of the writer and placed as a component of diagnoses in her contemporaneity. The research material includes manuscripts (notebooks with memories and other types of autobiographical archives), deposited in the Lithuanian State Historical Archives in Vilnius (Lietuvos Valstybės Istorijos Archyvas). The author shows various ways of conducting dialogue by the critic with the old tradition (history, politics, culture, portraits of people, literature, art, family history) and the meaning of the location of tradition in the process of recording oneself and one’s contemporaneity by Kościałkowska.

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„Oto znika jednostka, zatraca się i budzi całość, wielkość i potęga”… (O pieśniach polskich Sokołów przed odzyskaniem niepodległości)

Author(s): Magdalena Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2018

The article is an attempt at analysing ‘Falcon’ hymns dated to the period before 1918. Some research difficulties (lack of research papers, chronological expansiveness, or mass culture affiliation) have been pointed out. Not only the role of a song-book is highlighted (in its numerous editions), but also other forms of those publications (i.e. in the Gymnastic Handbook ”Falcon”), as well as the activity of impressive music societies in that period. Questions are asked about: the role and aim of those hymns; connections with the ideology of the Gymnastic Society ‘Falcon’; connections with national hymns, or the type of affiliation. The author mentions numerous examples of hyms, which have been present in Polish music tradition ever since.

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Wojenna turystyka Tadeusza Kudlińskiego

Author(s): Mateusz Rozmus / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2018

Can a soldier be a tourist? Can we say that touristic experiences are possible during the war from the anthropological point of view? In this article I tried to find the answers to those questions, using Smak Świata by Tadeusz Kudliński. A soldier, but also a typical tourist, hungry for new experiences, was only accidentally placed in the middle of the war by history. The Tourist Gaze by John Urry and The Image: A Guide to Pseudo-Events in America by Daniel Boorstin were very useful during my research and helped to create a new view of Smak Świata novel.

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U dział młodzieży akademickiej w przedsięwzięciach bibliograficznych w okresie zaborów (druga połowa XIX i początek XX wieku)

Author(s): Alicja Matczuk / Language(s): Polish Issue: 19/2021

In the second half of the 19th century and in early 20th century, one could observe an increase in the appearance of bibliographic studies initiated or prepared by Polish university students. This new form of bibliographic work was promoted by scientific societies, especially Czytelnia Akademicka – an association of young people studying at University of Lviv and Jagiellonian University. Created in the 1860s under the auspices of leading academics, it was further developed in scientific societies with bibliography-oriented profiles. Lviv pioneered quantitative and qualitative bibliographic projects and it was there, that the Historians Society, under the direction of Ludwik Finkel, created the fundamental Bibliography of Polish History, a basic scientific aid to historians, as well as Alexander Hirschberg’s Bibliography of Uprisings of the Polish People. It was there too that the first attempts were made to compile current bibliography in the field of literature and philosophy. Students at Jagiellonian University were also bibliographically active, although to a much lesser extent. For example, Franciszek Gawełek initiated and individually developed a Retrospective Bibliography of Polish Ethnography. Also, students of the Faculty of Imperial Law of the University of Warsaw (located in the Kingdom of Poland) contributed to Adolf Suligowski’s works on the Bibliography of Polish Law of 19th and 20th Centuries.

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Ku nowoczesnemu projektowaniu książki... Od prerafaelitów do Warsztatów Krakowskich

Author(s): Jacek Ladorucki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2020

Book design in Poland in the late 19th and early 20th centuries is the main focus of the article. The author presents the most interesting typographical works and prominent Polish creators of applied arts (Stanisław Wyspiański, Jan Bukowski, Edward Okuń, Włodzimierz Konieczny, Ephraim Lilien). The collected material reviews chief tendencies in graphic design, while also providing examples of the reception of Art Nouveau among critics and intellectuals of the end of the century.

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Odczyty publiczne Stanisława Tarnowskiego

Author(s): Tadeusz Budrewicz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 17/2019

The article discusses popular lectures that Stanisław Tarnowski gave in Krakow, Lviv, Poznań and Warsaw in the years 1870–1901. Tarnowski gave many lectures in 1876–1896. He was a capable orator, crowds came to his lectures. Thanks to Tarnowski, the organizers of the lectures had large profits, which they allocated for charity and education. The subject of the readings was most often the literature of Romanticism and the Renaissance. Tarnowski used the readings to present views of the conservative orientation he represented. The ideological competitors - Democrats - agreed with the speaker on many issues regarding the methods of researching literature and its connections with the social and political life of the nation. Bottom line: Popular readings were a form of knowledge dissemination and civic deed in the second half of the 19th century.

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Od „Gazety Automobilowej” do „Czasopisma Automobilowego”… – narodziny polskiej prasy motoryzacyjnej

Author(s): Adam Bańdo / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2018

Automotive press in Poland has a long tradition reaching to the times of partitions. The first Polish automotive periodical to appear was “Gazeta Automobilowa” (Automobile Gazette), appearing in Lviv for only a few months in 1911. Another, equally short-lived magazine appeared in Krakow under the name “Czasopismo Automobilowe” (Automobile Magazine, 1920-1921). The article is devoted to these two little-known and unique periodicals.

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Z badań nad rynkiem wydawniczo -księgarskim lat 1918–1939. O książce Moniki Olczak -Kardas, „Nasza Księgarnia” na tle rynku wydawniczo księgarskiego Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej

Author(s): Anna Dymmel / Language(s): Polish Issue: 16/2018

Review of: M. Olczak-Kardas, „Nasza Księgarnia” na tle rynku wydawniczo księgarskiego Drugiej Rzeczypospolitej. Kielce: Towarzystwo Naukowo-Kulturalne Oddział w Kielcach, 2014.

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Polskie zagony pancerno-motorowe w czasie wojny 1920 roku

Author(s): Michał Kuchciak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

During the war with Bolshevik Russia, the Polish Army carried out raids by armored and motorized units three times, in which infantry units transported by trucks and supported by armored cars took part. In the first two raids, which were directed at Zhytomyr and Kovel, complete success was achieved. However, the last incursion, aimed at Lutsk, failed.

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Lina Ciobanu (1929 - )

Author(s): Mihai Florin Razvan / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2023

Lina Ciobanu (born 1929) was among the women promoted at the highest level of Romanian Communist Party (RCP). In November 1974, together with Elena Ceaușescu, she was appointed full member of Political Executive Committee of Central Committee (PEC of CC) of RCP. Until the end of the communist regime Ciobanu held many important positions in the party and the state, such as vice prime-minister of the Romanian Government, full member of PEC of CC of RPC (reelected at the XIVth Congress of RCP in 1989), vice-president of National Commission of Demography (1971-1989), president of Women’s National Committee (1974-1977), minister of Light Industry (1975-1984), member of Grand National Assembly (1965-1989). Former party comrades and historians consider that she represented a symbol of obedience to Ceaușescu family and especially to Elena Ceaușescu, whom she owed her ascension and professional career in the party.

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Camelia Dinu (coord.), Modernismul rus în Veacul de Argint

Author(s): Maria Lațchici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2022

Review of: Camelia Dinu (coord.), Modernismul rus în Veacul de Argint, Oradea: Ratio et Revelatio, 2020, 348p., ISBN 978-606-9659-11-3

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Internacjonalizacja w słowotwórstwie polszczyzny przełomu XX i XXI wieku jako przykład jednostronnych kontaktów językowych

Author(s): Krystyna Waszakowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 75/2019

The article attempts to provide an answer to the questions concerning dimensions and aspects of morphological phenomena which result from the internationalization of the Polish lexical stock, both at the turn of the 21th century and in recent years. The main objective of the paper is to show how new foreign loans influence the formation of (i) new loan-based complex derivatives, (ii) new compound expressions that are becoming more dominant, and (iii) new types of hybrid lexical items. The current tendency to undergo internationalization is viewed by the author as inextricably bound with “linguistic globalization” processes, which finds its confirmation in modern European languages, including Slavic languages.

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Florin Dobrei, Sebastian-Dragoș Bunghez, Preotul profesor Teodor Botiș (1873-1940). O viață în slujba bisericii, a învățământului și a neamului românesc

Author(s): Mircea-Gheorghe Abrudan / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

Review of: Florin Dobrei, Sebastian-Dragoș Bunghez, Preotul profesor Teodor Botiș (1873-1940). O viață în slujba bisericii, a învățământului și a neamului românesc [The priest teacher Teodor Botiș (1873-1940). A life in the service of the church, education and the Romanian nation], Editura Universității “Aurel Vlaicu”, Arad, 2022, 576 pp.

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Ustrój i działalność sądownictwa rosyjskiej floty wojennej w latach 1867–1914 (część 1)

Author(s): Leszek Madej / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2019

In 1867, the reform of the judicial system of the Russian navy was carried out, which was modelled on the structural solutions adopted in the land army. It introduced three degrees of jurisdiction. The crewed courts and the military naval courts looked into the cases in terms of their substantial contents, meanwhile the complaints and cassation protests against the sentence were aimed at the Main Military Naval Court. Court proceedings were held in a collegial and public prosecution. Defendants were guaranteed the right to defense and the court proceedings were based on the principles of equality of the parties and free assessment of evidence. The prosecutor’s offices appeared in the Main Military Naval Court and the military naval courts, fulfilling prosecution functions. The obligation to conduct investigations fell on investigating judges. During ship cruises and military campaigns there were vessel courts and special committees, ruling on the basis of procedures different from those in the land naval courts.

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Polskie formacje wojskowe w Rosji 1917–1922 – baza źródłowa, stan wiedzy i postulaty badawcze

Author(s): Waldemar Rezmer / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-2/2018

The historiography of Polish military effort of World War I and the following period of wars for independence and shape of the borders of the Republic of Poland is visibly dominated by topics connected with Józef Piłsudski (Polish Legions, Polish Military Organization). Polish volunteer formations not belonging to Legions and their military activity have been treated as secondary. It also concerns the Polish military effort in Russia in World War I years (Puławy Legion, Polish Rifle Brigade and Polish Rifle Division), the time of havoc caused by the revolutions (February and October 1917), and then the intensifying civil war and the participation of Polish formations in those fights (Polish I, II and III Corps, 4th Rifle Division and Independent Rifle Brigade). The fight, martyrdom and complicated ways to return to Homeland taken by the Poles who served in the Polish Army (5th Rifle Division) or in the „white” formations in Russia and Siberia in 1917–1922, have also been poorly studied. The author attempted to cast light on the existing research, also trying to determine the agenda for further studies, especially important in the centennial of Polish military effort during the fight for independence, the time of regaining it and its defense in the wars for borders.

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O bezpieczeństwo wewnętrzne odrodzonej Rzeczypospolitej (1917–1922)

Author(s): Robert Litwiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1-2/2018

The term „homeland security” is in my discussion only conventional phrasing, which was hard to define properly towards the end of the Great War and at the beginning of the Second Polish Republic. It was often used interchangeably with „public security”. Moreover, it must be highlighted that by using the term „homeland security” in the title I intend to emphasize the fact that the subject of my paper is not the mechanism of „homeland security” functioning itself in the period of interest, but the concepts concerning the organization of the model of this security and the way of putting it to life at that time. While setting the period of my interest, I decided on the years 1917–1922. The first caesura is connected with the first conceptual works within the Provisional Council of State, when the issue of establishing the National Public Security Guard came up for debate. The second caesura results in turn from the finalization of the process of organizing the State Police and setting up the Silesian Voivodeship Police.

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Reinhart Koselleck – intelektualna biografi a historyka i jej odbicie w korespondencji z Carlem Schmittem

Author(s): Andrzej Nowak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The article aims to take a new look at the biography of Reinhart Koselleck (1923– 2005), a prominent German historian and historical theorist, from the perspective of his long- -time correspondence with Carl Schmitt (1888–1985), a jurist and legal theorist of the Third Reich and a prominent conservative thinker. Putting the Koselleck–Schmitt communication by letters (1953–1983) against the backdrop of a recent and rapidly growing literature on Koselleck’s thought, the article analyses the phases of their correspondence not only as a contribution to the historian’s biography but as an important document of the intellectual history of Germany and whole Europe at the time.

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Pierwsza lekcja hebrajskiego. Transgresja tożsamościowa Żydów polskich od końca XIX do połowy XX wieku

Author(s): Łukasz Tomasz Sroka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

The Zionist movement, born at the end of the nineteenth century, called for the establishment of an independent state for the Jews. The development of the Zionist idea and the restoration of Jewish statehood was accompanied by restoring Hebrew into a language of daily use. Hebrew became the gateway to Israel. The fi rst Hebrew lesson triggered the process of initiation into the new culture. The adoption of Hebrew was accompanied by an identity transgression that crossed many boundaries set by cultural norms associated with Diaspora languages. This process was not always quick and unambiguous. It was not infrequently accompanied by a state of limbo between old and new lifestyles, habits and requirements accompanying acclimatization to new living conditions in Israel.

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Emigracja zarobkowa z Galicji do Francji na początku XX w. – stan badań i postulaty badawcze

Author(s): Małgorzata Gmurczyk-Wrońska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

Labour emigration from Galicia to France between 1908 and 1914 represents an initial and little-researched phase of the emigration movement of the fi rst half of the 20th century. Letters from peasants wishing to go to France are an important research source for this issue. This article is part of preparations for a planned source publication of letters to the envoy to the Diet of the Kingdom of Galicia, Wiktor Skołyszewski, from Galician peasants and workers wishing to go to work in France in the early 20th century. The issues are presented in the context of the state of research on the subject of labour emigration, mainly from Galicia.

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