The Franciscan Eusebio Fermendžin and His Work in Favor of Bulgaria

Author(s): Yordanka Gesheva / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2014

Euzebijo Fermendžin was born in Vinga, the Banat region (Romania) and was a descendant of catholicized Bulgarian Paulicians from Nikopol, who had left their homes at the beginning of the 18th century but haven’t lost their Bulgarian national consciousness. Fermendzhin was better known in Rome and the Vatican, in Vienna and Hungary, in Croatia, than he was in our lands, but spiritually, emotionally and creatively, he was also related to Bulgaria. He reached the highest positions in the Franciscan Order, he was a professor at Catholic schools and academies; a corresponding member of the South Slavic Academy of Sciences in Zagreb; for some time he was the head of the well-known multivolume edition of Luke Vading ”Annales Minorum”, in which were published documents and studies on the history of the Franciscan Order all over the world and others. Collector and compiler of ”Acta Bulgaria ecclesiastica ...”, a large volume of documents on Bulgarian church history from 1565 to 1799, published in Zagreb in 1887, and also the collections ”Acta Bosnae potissimum ecclesiastca ...”, of ”Acta Croatiae ...” and others.

Mother of God Life Giving Spring: Aspects of Later Byzantine Art

Author(s): Claire Brisby / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2003

Rövidítések

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: I/2006

Abbreviations used in the studies.

Rövidítések

Author(s): / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: III-V/2010

Abbreviations.

Жестът на скръстените пръсти според хирологията във френската живопис през ХVІІ–ХVІІІ век

Author(s): Temenuzhka Dimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 9/2014

Hands language as a means of expression in rhetoric and fine arts, the rules of which were presented mainly by the Roman authors Cicero and Quintilian, continued to stir interest over the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and strongly influenced artists and their iconographic reference points. English physician and rhetorician John Bulwer (1606–1656) devoted a few of his significant works to studying of the human gesture system, offering over 120 chirograms (types) of particular meanings. Spanish mathematician Juan Caramuel (1606–1682) studied the rhetorical wealth of chirologia, defining it as a major means of human communication. Hand gestures with fingers locked together is traditionally deemed to be a Christian prayer gesture, where palms are pressed together with fingers straight pointing up. In fact, the locked together fingers, known as early as the Antiquity, unlike the prayer gesture that emerged as late as the late medieval period, designated something else: a moment of deep sadness and suffering reflecting the strong tension of the mind. French artist Georges de La Tour uses this gesture as a basis for reflection on the vanity of worldly goods. Thus the position of the hands played the role of both a plastic device and an iconographic symbol.

Kontakty Polski z Chinami od XIII do końca XVIII wieku – próba nowego spojrzenia

Author(s): Józef Włodarski,Zhao Gang / Language(s): Polish Issue: 05/2014

The article describes the history of Polish relations with China, starting from the end of the 13th century to the end of the 18th century. It focuses mainly on political and economic relations, but it refers to the civilizational and cultural relations as well. The Author omits, already quite well analyzed, issues concerning the Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries in China. The Author mentions the Battle of Legnica on Dobre Pole on 9th April 1241, which should be considered as the first contact between the Poles and the Mongols. The Author mentions diplomatic mission of the Franciscan Benedict the Pole who on 22th July 1246, as the first Pole, reached Karakorum in Mongolia. However, the most part of the article concerns the attempts to find a simpler way to China through the lands of Moscow, which has failed, and even in the 12th century, the Poles used the sea route or traveled through Persia. The article highlights the efforts of missionaries and diplomats in that matter. As the most interesting issue in Polish-Chinese relations in the period until the end of the 18th century, the Author indicates an attempt to establish direct relations between the king Jan III Sobieski and the Chinese emperor Kangxi. Jan III Sobieski after the victory over the Turks at Vienna has sent one of his portraits to the emperor’s court, who accepted the gift and has responded writing him a letter. Moreover, in the 18th century, not only the king Jan III Sobieski, but also merchants, middle-class bourgeois and landowners possessed Chinese products, especially Chinese porcelain.

Ружа Нейкова. Етнокултурни паралели по пътя на старите българи в Балкано-Кавказкото пространство и Поволжието. София: Издателство на БАН „Проф. Марин Дринов“/ Фондация „Тангра ТанНакРа“, 2015

Author(s): Veselka Toncheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2016

Book Review

ОЧЕНЬ КРАТКАЯ ИСТОРИЯ ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННОЙ РЕТРАНСЛЯЦИОННОЙ СЕТИ

Author(s): Aleksandr Evgenievich Levintov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2015

Дневной гон почтовой тройки составлял в 18-19 веках (раньше дорог (путей сообщений) как таковых, не было — были направления, если, конечно, не считать рек) составлял пятьдесят вёрст. Лошадей надо разнуздывать, кормить-поить, ставить на покой в стойло, для ямщиков и седоков — съезжая изба или избы, трактир (или трактиры), ну, на всякий случай, девки, кузни и шорни, где можно починить или поменять что-то в сбруе или экипаже (санках). Ямы или ямские слободы постепенно обрастали хозяйством и людьми: покосы, скотина, огороды, поля — хозяйство изначально формировалось не как натуральное, а как товарное, привязанное к тракту. Эта коммерциализация была весьма привлекательна и как канал коммуникации, и как канал поступления звонкой. Строго по Гиршу: TRADE=COMMERCE + INDUSTRIA (торговля есть коммерция и трудолюбие).

ГОРОДСКАЯ И СЕЛЬСКАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ ПРИАЗОВЬЯ: УСТНО-ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

Author(s): V. N. Konstantinova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2013

The article presents the methodology and results of the oral history expeditions aimed at studying the urban and rural identities in the context of the research of the Northern Pryazovya citizens’ perception of peasant settlers and their place in the social structure of cities. Materials of these oral history expeditions give the opportunity to see through the eyes of the Northern Pryazovya inhabitants, of the first half of the twentieth century, the urbanization processes of this period; to make some observations about how deeply in the minds of the urban population of this region rooted myths and stereotypes about peasant-settlers and vice versa. The urbanization processes have been one of the most significant characteristics of the Northern Pryazovya history from the last quarter of the XVІII century. It is substantiated that the rural element played a prominent role in the urban colonization of the region; the character of perception by traditional rural population of Pryazovya of new settlements in a certain extent influenced the course of urbanization; the formation of «urban lifestyle» has undergone a significant impact on the part of the rural population life of the region; the categories «Own» -«Alien» were among the key in the perception by the peasant population of the region of the urban citizens; the cities since the time of their appearance played a role of outposts of policy of unification and centralization in the region, which was one of the reasons of the ambiguous attitude of the local peasants to the urban way of life.

Na styku epok. Porównanie warsztatu twórczego Josepha Riepla i Marcina Józefa Żebrowskiego na przykładzie utworów pro processione

Author(s): Wojciech Karasiński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02 (29)/2016

In this paper, the author compares aesthetic and stylistic attitude of two composers who worked in Jasna Góra Monastery at the turn of Baroque and Classical eras. The aim of this article is to capture the differences and similarities between the creative output of both artists by comparison of their pro processione pieces, which are a local variant of a church symphony. Collating complexive analysis, the author points characteristic solutions implemented by the composers, which gives rise to denotation their output as baroque or classical. In this way both composers were located on a stylistic timeline – Riepel as a baroque composer who already has implemented some classical elements into his style, and Żebrowski as a representant of galant style with baroque remainders. Outline of the compositional technique was depicted, what in the future can be a starting point for the further researches.

Stan zachowania rękopisów symfonii Carla Dittersa von Dittersdorfa w Polsce – rekonesans

Author(s): Miłosz Kula / Language(s): Polish Issue: 02 (29)/2016

Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf (1739–1799) has been remembered in history of music in the 18th century as a significant contributor in developing singspiel (comic opera) genre and as a composer famous among double bass players because of two double bass concertos. But recent studies brought to the fore information about a variety of his instrumental music. Between the others, there are more than 120 symphonies. This paper is a report-attempt about present condition of extant Dittersdorf symphonies’ manuscripts, preserved in the contemporary Polish area. There are nine archives and libraries mentioned, where these manuscripts are stored. The richest collection of Dittersdorf’s symphonies is located in Pauline Monastery Archive in Jasna Góra in Częstochowa (PL-CZ), where seventeen manuscripts are stored. All of them preserved in good condition, arisen in last quarter of the 18th century. Other manuscripts we can find in: Archive of Polish Dominicans Province in Kraków (PL-Kd), Cistercian Abbey in Kraków-Mogiła (PL-MO), Benedictine Abbey in Krzeszów/Grüssau (PL-KRZ), Library of Theological Faculty of Opole University (PL-OPsm), Archdiocesan Archive in Poznań (PL-Pa Muz MM), Diocesan Library in Sandomierz (PL-SA) and Special Collections Department of Wrocław University Library (PL-WRu). There is also a piece of information about the manuscript from Pilica (PL-PIk), presumably lost in recent time, which was one of very few examples Dittersdorf’s manuscripts written in the 19th century.

Западная интеллектуальная элита и феномен «роскошь»: социально-психологический аспект

Author(s): Elena A. Ageeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/2016

The article analyzes the researches of luxury in the western scientific tradition of the 18th — the beginning of the 20th century. Considered are the main approaches to research, evolution of concepts, system of values of thinkers. The conclusion is drawn that views of intellectual elite objectively reflect civilization features of society’s development.

The Soul of Stone: Mineral Symbolism in Vepsian Villages of Karelia

Author(s): Anna Varfolomeeva / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2016

This article is a case study of the northern Vepses, an indigenous group residing in the Republic of Karelia, and their relations with mining industry. As early as the eighteenth century, Vepses in Karelia were involved in the extraction of rare decorative minerals (gabbro-diabase and raspberry quartzite), and this involvement continues today. The article discusses the variety of symbolic meanings stone has for contemporary residents of Vepsian villages, who see it simultaneously as a source of hardship, struggle, and pride. Local residents view nature and stoneworking as interconnected, seeing mining development in the region as a consequence of its natural richness. This case study illustrates that indigenous lifestyles, industrial development, and nature may be perceived as coexisting and interconnected elements.

Роль женщин высшего сословия в социально-политических процессах Дагестана (XVIII - начало XX В.)

Author(s): O.S. Mutiewa / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2015

This paper highlights the issues related to the role of upper-class women in social and political life of the peoples of Dagestan. The research shows that the noble woman «goryanka» not only was not infringed in social status, but in fact was able play a very significant role in the political process. The research result are based on the literary, archival and ethnographic materials.

The Decline of the Kraków Jewish Community in the Early Modern Period

Author(s): Adam Kaźmierczyk / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2012

At the end of the16th century Kraków’s Jewish community was the most important cahal in Poland. This situation lasted until the middle of the17th century. Just a century later Kraków’s elders were begging the voivode of Kraków to protect them against claims of smaller communities, such as Wodzisław, which demanded jurisdiction over Jews in villages just by the walls of Kraków’s agglomeration. The lecture will show how the changes in Jewish demography as well as the king’s resignation from jurisdiction over Jews in private estates and other changes in political system of the Polish Commonwealth affected the situation of Kraków’s community and resulted in its loss of power in the state and among the Jewish population in Lesser Poland.

„Swą starą skórę zrzuć i stań się znowu młody”. Idea „ponownego narodzenia” w programach ideowych protestanckich konfesjonałów na Pomorzu u schyłku XVII i w XVIII w.

Author(s): Marcin Wisłocki / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2007

Кольчатое наголовье второй половины XVI — середины XIX вв. из собрания Национального музея Республики Казахстан

Author(s): Leonid Bobrov,O.M. Agatay,Syrym Serikkazinovich Khasenov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 16/2024

The article analyses a unique mail coif (ҚРҰМ нқ ҚЖ 13) stored in the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Based on its design features, the mail coif is attributed as one of the variants of ringed “bashlyks”. The closest analogues were found from the territory of Central Asia and Southern Siberia. In Kazakhstan and Maverannahr (in particular, in Kokand) the mail “bashlyks” were used until the middle ofthe 19th century. The model is unique because the production of crown used flat “baydana” rings. The late period of the spread of ringed “bashlyks” with a “baydana” crown in the region was previously localized in the second half of the 16th — early 17th centuries, that is, the period of the existence of the Kazakh Khanate. It is likely that the mail coif of the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan was made in the 17th— 18th centuries by craftsmen of Maverannahr or neighboring territories and was in service with Kazakh, Uzbek or, less likely, Oirat (Dzungarian) warriors. The artifact is a vivid model of Central Asian mail coifs and is a vivid example of the military-cultural relations of the Kazakhs with the Bukhara Khanate, Kokand and other state entities of the region.

Льготы и преимущества, которые давала полицейская служба в царской России: Средняя Азия

Author(s): V. P. Litvinov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2024

This article analyzes service benefits and privileges in Tsarist Russia. During the Imperial period, the country developed a complex system of them, both general and specific (regional). They were established by law for the outskirts of the Russian Empire, including those in Central Asia (Russian Turkestan) under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of War. The system was also influenced by the experiences of Siberia and the Caucasus. The analysis considers the pension benefits for Turkestan officials, reduced service terms required for retirement, increased payments for relocation to or from the region to central Russian provinces, regular salary increases every five years of service, longer vacations, allowances for children’s education, guaranteed placement of children in educational institutions with paid travel to them, as well as free healthcare and medication for administrative and police officials, etc. It is concluded that all these benefits and privileges attracted more qualified, professionally trained, and experienced personnel to serve in the remote Russian territories of Central Asia.

ISTORIJA JUGOSLOVENSKE IDEJE 1500-1918

Author(s): Fikret Midžić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 17/2018

Review of: Istorija jugoslovenske ideje 1500-1918. Autori: Boro Bronza, Slavojka Beštić-Bronza, Boško M. Branković i Borivoje Milošević Izdavač: Nezavisni Univerzitet Banja Luka, 2018.

ОСМАНСЬКІ АКЧЕ, МЕДІНІ ТА ІКІЛІКИ КІНЦЯ XVI – ПОЧАТКУ XVІII ст. В КОЛЕКЦІЇ ОДЕСЬКОГО АРХЕОЛОГІЧНОГО МУЗЕЮ

Author(s): Dmytro YANOV / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 8/2024

The paper introduces the silver coins of the Ottoman Empire of small denominations of the late 16th – early 18th centuries, stored in the old numismatic collection of the Odesa Archaeological Museum of the NAS of Ukraine (formed before the Second World War), including: Mehmed III (1595–1603): akçe minted in Sidrekapsi (1 pc.) and Kostantiniye (1 pc.) Ahmed I (1603–1617): akçe minted in Amid (2 pcs.) and medini minted in Misr (1 pc.) Osman II (1618–1622): akçe minted in Misr (1 pc.). Mustafa I, 2nd reign (1622–1623): akçe minted in Kostantiniye (1 pc.). Murad IV (1623–1640): akçe minted in Kostantiniye (1 pc.) and Belgrade (2 pcs.), medini minted in Misr (2 pcs.), Ibrahim (1640–1648): akçe minted in Kostantiniye (5 pcs.) and Misr (1 pc.), ikilik minted in Kostantiniye (2 pcs.), medini minted in Misr (1 pc.). Ahmed III (1703–1730): hand struck medini minted in Misr in the beginning of the reign (1 pc.). The circumstances and time of the finds of these coins are unknown. However, most likely, they were found in the North-Western Black Sea region. The loss of information about the context of the find negatively affects the value of these coins as sources of the history of currency circulation. Nevertheless, the data on the type, weight and typology of these coins can be considered in further studies on the history of minting and cataloging of coin types of the Ottoman Empire. Particularly noteworthy are the relatively rare types of akçe of Ahmed I minted in Amid, second reign of Mustafa I minted in Kostantiniye, Osman II and Ibrahim minted in Misr. The examined coins belong to three denominations: akçe, which was the main silver currency of the Ottoman Empire in the 14th – 17th centuries, medini (also known as medin/maydin, later para), which was minted in Misr (Egypt) even before the Ottoman conquest of this region and was incorporated into the Ottoman monetary system as a local currency, and ikilik or double akçe, which was minted only during the reign of Ibrahim (1640–1648) in Constantinople.