Русская литература послепетровской эпохи и христианская традиция

Author(s): Yuri M. Lotman / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/1992

Под послепетровской эпохой мы будем понимать период русской культуры от начала реформ Петра Великого до смерти Пушкина. Этот период вошел в историю культуры как время разрыва со средневековой традицией и создания новой культуры, полностью секуляризированной. Тем более кажется странным ставить для него вопрос о конструктивной роли христианской традиции. Восемнадцатый век - век Просвещения, рационализма, век воинствующей антицерковности, шедший под знаком вольтеровского «раздавите гадину», как кажется, в господствующих своих тенденциях был антихристианским периодом русской культуры.

Сосуществование барокко и классицизма в Польше и России XVIII в

Author(s): L. A. Sofronova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1989

Культура XVIII в. в Польше и в России была культурой многоязычной. Она совмещала в своих пределах классицизм и предромантизм, сентиментализм, рококо и барокко. Это совмещение было характерной чертой эпохи. Во второй половине XVIII в. движение в смене художественных направлений как бы приостановилось, но не застыло на месте. Шли сложные внутренние процессы, подготавливалась, вызревала смена систем, накапливались силы для решительного скачка в XIX век.

О назначении виньет, приложенных к поэтическим произведениям Г. Р. Державина

Author(s): Ye. G. Grigoryeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/1989

Ставшее почти обязательным в работах, посвященных Г. Р. Державину, указание на «изобразительность», «картинность» его поэзии\инспирированное самим автором в «Рассуждении о лирической поэзии», как кажется, до некоторой степени противоречит его же настоятельному желанию видеть свои произведения проиллюстрированными. Если поэзия «ничто иное есть, как говорящая живопись», то для чего ее дополнять ж ивописью «неговорящей»? О простом повторении, реализации стихотворных картин речи быть не может согласно известному высказыванию по этому поводу Н. А. Львова: «Изограф < ...) не повторяет автора и не то же представляет в лицах первый, что второй написал в стихах. Сие повторение, довольно, впрочем, обычное, казалось ему плеоназмом». К этому свидетельству друга и единомышленника Д ерж авина нам придется еще не раз обратиться.

Кощунственная поэзия в системе русской культуры конца XVIII - начала XIX века

Author(s): V. Zhivov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/1981

Как кажется, ни в какой другой период развития русской поэзии мы не сталкиваемся с таким широким распространением обыгрывания в поэзии текстов Св. Писания и богослужения, эпизодов св. истории, элементов церковного обряда и т. д., как в последние два десятилетия XVIII и первые три десятилетия XIX века.

The 1619 Project and Living in Truth

Author(s): Sean Wilentz / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The controversy over the New York Times’s 1619 Project is the latest in a set of recurring struggles over how American history ought to be taught and understood. The author tells the story of how he came to be involved in the controversy, and how he and a small group of liberal colleagues, objecting to grave factual errors in the project, found themselves increasingly stranded as the debate sharply polarized. Instead of doing their professional duty in keeping the facts straight, the Times editors opted for face-saving evasions, only to see their claims of accuracy and respect for facts collapse. The controversy signals a flattening of historical perspective made worse under the presidency of Donald Trump, promoting cynical, highly ideological claims to the effect that sustaining white supremacy has, since the founding of the U.S., been the nation’s core principle and chief mission. Amid the threat to free and honest intellectual discourse which the controversy signifies, American historians must learn the lesson of „living in truth,“ in their historical work as well as in politics.

Funerary Customs Among the Nobility of Swedish-Era Estonia: Status Signifiers Displayed During Funeral Processions and Their Placement in Churches

Author(s): Veikko Varik / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Most of the Swedish period church interiors in Estonia have lost a significant part of their former richness of detail over the past three hundred years. Whether the cause is wars or natural disasters. Therefore, relatively little secular memorabilia has been studied so far. This article tries to give an overview of this type of object on the basis of archival material, old photographs and individual surviving objects. The fleeting insight into the funeral customs associated with the use of these objects at funerals showed that Estonia was connected to the Swedish-Finnish cultural space and the cultural diffusion took place between these two regions. At the same time, the differences between the Lutheran and other denominations in the use of secular memorabilia stand out clearly.

Grzegorz Joachimiak, „Lutnia w klasztorze. Fenomen dworskiego instrumentu w kulturze Śląska XVII i XVIII wieku”, Wrocław 2020

Author(s): Katarzyna Spurgjasz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

Book Review of: Grzegorz Joachmiak, 'Lutnia w klasztorze. Fenomen dworskiego instrumentu w kulturze Śląska XVII i XVIII wieku', Wrocław 2020

Ol'ha Ryzhova. Ikonopys u khudozhnii kul'turi Kyieva kintsia XVII-XVIII stolit': Monohrafiia

Author(s): John-Paul Himka / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2021

Ol'ha Ryzhova. Ikonopys u khudozhnii kul'turi Kyieva kintsia XVII-XVIII stolit': Monohrafiia [Iconography in the Artistic Culture of Kyiv at the End of the Seventeenth and in the Eighteenth Centuries: A Monograph]. Vydavnycho-polihrafichnyi tsentr “Kyivs'kyi universytet,” 2020. 464 pp. Illustrations. Bibliography. List of Illustrations.

Keramičke lule iz Zavičajnog muzeja u Visokom

Author(s): Mustafa Uzunalić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 2/2022

This paper deals with the collection of Ottoman ceramic pipes from the Regional Museum in Visoko, which contains a total of four pipes. We find analogies for these pipes in Novi Sad, Belgrade, Dubrovnik and Timisoara, and they can be dated to the 18th and 19th centuries. One of the samples comes from the archaeological excavations at the site of Mili in Arnautovići, led by Pavao Anđelić. The other two samples are stray finds from the area of the City of Visoko, and the last one comes from the site of the Park "Ravne 2". The pipes were processed according to Robinson's and Vladislav-Nikolay typological schemes. Today, these ceramic pipes are part of the rich Ethnographic collection of the Regional Museum in Visoko.This paper deals with the collection of Ottoman ceramic pipes from the Regional Museum in Visoko, which contains a total of four pipes. We find analogies for these pipes in Novi Sad, Belgrade, Dubrovnik and Timisoara, and they can be dated to the 18th and 19th centuries. One of the samples comes from the archaeological excavations at the site of Mili in Arnautovići, led by Pavao Anđelić. The other two samples are stray finds from the area of the City of Visoko, and the last one comes from the site of the Park "Ravne 2". The pipes were processed according to Robinson's and Vladislav-Nikolay typological schemes. Today, these ceramic pipes are part of the rich Ethnographic collection of the Regional Museum in Visoko.

Umelecký preklad ako hodnotový indikátor. K problematike Recepcie západoeurópskych literatúr na Slovensku v období národného obrodenia (1780-1850)

Author(s): Miloslav Vojtech / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 2/2012

The paper reflects the relationships of Slovak literatures of the national revival period (1780- 1850) to the dominating West European literatures (especially German, English and French). The attitude of Slovak authors of the national revival period towards these literatures, their authors, literary movements, trends and tendencies is an indicator of the specifics of domestic literature; it talks about its priorities as well as about its ideological limitations. We can see several paradoxes in the reception of West European literatures: non-reflecting the contemporaneous development in these literatures, selective approach to authors and works determined by ideology (e.g. refusal of the West European type of Romanticism, primarily Byronism and one sided-preference of Slavonic literatures), but also extra-literary realities as well as the pressure of censorship. Besides that, it is important also to regard the long-term confessional and language rupture of Slovak literary and cultural life in the period of the national revival, which lasted up to the 40s of the 19th century and was definitely solved in the 50s. The problem of the reception of West European literatures in Slovakia represents a proof that national literature on the one hand needed to demonstrate its openness to the world, but on the other hand often fell into its own cultural closeness created by the effort to protect the specific cultural individuality and particularity. This is a traditional dilemma of Slovak culture; dilemma between its open, cosmopolitan conception and provincialism related to political concepts of extreme conservatism.

Дунавецька Січ

Author(s): Virgil Riţco / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2012

La sfârşitul lunii mai şi începutul lui iunie 1775 armatele ţariste au ocupat reşedinţele căzăceşti şi satele, iar la 4 iunie au încercuit Sici, o organizaţie militară a cazacilor ucraineni. Pe 5 iunie Sicia a fost cucerită. La 3 august Caterina a II-a a decretat un manifest despre desfiinţarea acestei organizaţii. Ruinarea Siciei zaporojene a însemnat o tragedie a poporului ucrainean. Ţarismul a distrus puterea, care de-a lungul a trei secole a apărat eroic pământul ucrainean de cotropitorii străini. După lichidarea Siciei o parte din conducători împreună cu comandantul ei ( koşovâi otoman) au fost arestaţi şi deportaţi în Siberia, iar averea le-a fost confiscată. Pe cazaci îi îngrozea iobăgia şi milităria obligatorie timp de 25 de ani. Atunci o mare parte dintre ei a părăsit Zaporojie şi a trecut sub stăpânire turcească. Se consideră că în 1776 au înfiinţat Sicia Trasndunăreană (Zadunaiska Sici), cunoscută sub denumirea de Ust dunaiska (Sicia de la Gurile Dunării). Ea se afla pe lângă Vâlcov sau la Caraorman. Adevărata Sicie Transdunăreană (Zadunaiska Sici), organizată după modelul celei zaporojene, a fost însă Dunaveţka Sici (Sicia de la Dunăvăţ ).

Karabakh Khanate of Azerbaijan: Socio-political activity of Aghabeyim Agha

Author(s): Zahra Ganiyeva / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

In modern times, Azerbaijani women are loyal protectors of the family and the hearth. The example of courageous, zealous, intelligent and cultural Azerbaijani woman represents its people. Turkic women have played a role in political and economic relations, ruling of the state. The topic is historically relevant on the basis of research of Karabakh khanate, which left a deep mark on the history of Azerbaijan in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the activities of the ruler Ibrahimkhalil khan (1726-1806) and the lfe of his daughter Aghabeyim agha, who got married to Fath-Ali Shah Gadjar and lived in his palace. In the middle of the 18th century, the Azerbaijani emperor Nadir Shah Afshar, the founder of the Afshar Empire, was assassinated, and independent khanates were established in the territory of Azerbaijan (north-south). As a result of the intervention of Russia, these khanates clashed with each other, and some of them were influenced by that intervention. The study examines interesting facts on how Ibrahimkhalil Khan ruled Karabakh independently ending palace conflicts, on his activities being kind and fair ruler. In particular, when talking about the khan's daughter Aghabeyim agha, it is noteworthy that her predecessors were mentioned. Thus, following the historical chronological sequence, starting from the epos "Kitabi - Dada Gorgud", a written monument of Azerbaijan, women such as Sara Khatun, Tuti Bika and others played an important role in socio-political activities.

Antroponime feminine în catagrafia Moldovei de la 1772-1773

Author(s): Iustina Nica Burci / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2011

По сравнению с мужскими женские антропонимы встречаются реже в молдавских архивных документах ХVIII века. Это связано с правовым статусом женщин в данную эпоху, когда в обществе они занимали более низкое положение чем мужчины. Невысокая частота женских имѐн, встречаемая в указанной катаграфии, не означает, что эти имена менее значительны для антропонимических исследований. Их изучение предоставляет сегодня двойную перспективу: социально-историческую и лингвистическую, так как, с одной стороны, отражает роль женщин в румынском обществе ХVIII века, а с другой стороны, отражает характерные черты истории и развития румынской системы личного наименования. Исходя из этого, автор статьи даѐт перечень женских имѐн, отмеченных в Катаграфии Молдавии 1772-1773 года и подробно анализирует их.

Aspectele lingvistice ale renaşterii naţionale cehe

Author(s): Anca Irina Ionescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2011

The Czech National Revival was a cultural movement in the Czech Kingdom during the 18th and 19th century whose main goal was to revive Czech language culture and national identity. The Czech language had a peculiar situation compared to other national languages of Europe at the date. It was more or less eradicated from state administration, literature, schools, even from the Prague University and among the upper classes, because after the Battle of White Mountain most of Czech intellectual elites flee the country and the Czech language was reduced to a means of communication between peasants, who were often illiterate. Therefore, the Revival had an important linguistic aspect and one of its main features was the Defence of the Czech language.

СРБИ И РУМУНСКЕ КНЕЖЕВИНЕ У СВЕТЛУ ДВА ЦРКВЕНОСЛОВЕНСКА РУКОПИСА ИЗ XVII ВЕКА

Author(s): Ivan Birta / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 4/2018

The subject of these work is to investigate the main characteristics of the influence of Serbs in the Romanian principals of Wallachia and Moldova between the XIV and XVIII centuries, a period marked by the massive immigration of Serbs in these regions. An analysis of Serbian migration at the end of the Middle Ages proves that Serbs already cultivated a common European concept, which was agreed and respected by Romanian authorities. This is also supported by the fact that Serbian despot Maksim Brankovitch founded the Valachian Metropolitanate and at the beginning of the 16th century brought the first metropolitan profession in Valachia. From the 15th to the 18th centuries Serbs were by far the expansion of the Romanian Banat continued to inhabit Transylvania (the area of Alba Iulia, Sibinj, Tevish and other places), and their influence remained preserved to this day. Living in to the sea of Romanian, the Serbs fought, side by side, against the Turks, for freedom and the national liberation of the Romanian territories - their new homeland. b) Old paper manuscript ”Preaching to the ancestors” (undated, presumptive date 1609). The enclosed documents are also transliterated, transcripted and translated in Serbian and Romanian language. Both manuscripts are written in ChurchSlavonic language, in the traditional unreformed civil Cyrillic (Serbian editorial version). To date, work has not been published. The text of the manuscript is amended with some individual graphemes which mark typical old phonological system. Some text оf letters are provided with acronyms. The handwriting vellum parchment (20 x 30 cm) is done with black and red ink, the scribe probably using rags or storks, if we take into consideration the finesse and the accuracy of the letters and the executed signs. The height of the letters is almost united – approx. 1 mm. The parchment, polished on both sides, is a manuscript recto and verso. The text is sprinkled with a multitude of abbreviations, typical of the drafting period of the late Middle Ages. The embossed seal of the ruler of the Walachian country, applied on the parchment, on the back, has a diameter of 16 mm, in black ink. The vellum parchment, is made of animal skin – on the basis of its distinctive quality, perhaps from unborn hides, especially processed to be suitably used. For good preservation, the parchment was covered with a thin layer of cedar or lemon oil. The second document was probably issued in the 16th century, or even in the past. The second manuscript (10 x 20 cm) is made of paper. Bothe manuscripts are part of the Romanian Carassovian funds, preserved for centuries in the “Birta Archive”, a fund containing thousands of ancient and medieval manuscripts and artifacts, part of the universal patrimony, written/ manufactured between the years 1500 before Christ –1923 a.D. The first manuscript – vellum parchment, two paged, is registered in the abovementioned fund under file number 620/1620 and 621/1844. The second manuscript, paper, four paged, are registerd under file number 300 and 301, presumptive writing year 1609.

ОДНОС „ПЕРИФЕРИЈE“ И „ЦЕНТРА“ У СРПСКОЈ КЊИЖЕВНОСТИ 18. И 19. ВИЈЕКА

Author(s): Goran M. Maksimović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2015

The paper analyzes the specific relationship between the periphery and the center of the new Serbian literature (18th and 19th century), which was due to historical circumstances and the fact that the majority of Serbian national area was part of another state (Ottoman Empire, Austro-Hungarianmonarchy, Republic of Venice), and that it is only since the early 19th century began the process of liberation of the Serbian people and the constitution of the Serbian state, language and literature. Consequently, Serbian writers from peripheral parts of the Serbian people (Hercegovina, Bosnia, Dalmatia, Boka Kotorska, Slavonia, Banat and Macedonia), as well all those who are in these regions, but also in Serbia and Belgrade, went to school in Budapest, Vienna, Venice, Trieste, Paris, Prague, Bratislava, Timisoara, Kiev, Petersburgand, Moscow, and have powerful influence on theconstitution of the new Serbian literature (enlightenment, sentimentalism, romanticism, realism, modern). Crucial in this role Dositej Obradović and Vuk Stefanović Karadžić and many other writers of the time (Zaharije Orfelin, Jovan Rajić, Pavle Solarić, Sima Milutinović Sarajlija, Milovan Vidaković, Jovan Sterija Popović, Petar Drugi Petrović Njegoš, Branko Radičević, Jovan Jovanović Zmaj, Đura Jakšić, Laza Kostić, Simo Matavulj, Stevan Sremac). Effective influence on the periphery of what was happening in the center of the new Serbian constitution literature strongly manifested also in the process of liberation of the Serbian people and the constitution of the Serbian state during the 19th century. It is natural that because of this the center of Serbian literature moved in the midle of 19th century in Belgrade, the Serbian capital of the home country, but they are in a strong synergy continued to exist and other provincial centers of Serbian literature and culture (NoviSad, Cetinje, Sarajevo, Mostar, Dubrovnik, Zadar, Banja Luka, Niš, Skopje), thus continuing to creatively enrich the relationship periphery and center in the new Serbian literature.

В. Тонев. Българското Черноморие през Възраждането. София, Академично издателство „Проф. М. Дринов“, 1995. 382 с. с ил.

Author(s): Nikolay Zhechev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1997

А.А.Улунян. Деятели болгарского национально-освободительного движения XVIII–XIX вв. Библиографический словарь. Т. 1, 214 с.; Т. 2, 222 с. Москва, 1996

Author(s): Zhana Koleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1997

Primele contacte ale hatmanului Ucrainei, I. Mazepa, cu Moldova şi Ţara Românească şi evoluţia lor până în anul 1708

Author(s): Teofil Rendiuk / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2009

The historical and documentary study Doctor of History Teofil Rendyuk, developed on the basis of wide sources base and own researches, reveals little known aspects of political, diplomatic, and cultural and spiritual interrelations between hetman of Ukraine Ivan Mazepa and his contemporaries – masters of Moldova and Valakhiya at the end of XVII – beginning of XVIII centuries. Тhe apogee of collaboration between I. Mazepa and K. Brynkovyanu is considered to be January 17, 1701 when exactly Ukraine was chosen as a place of possible political asylum for the Valakhian leader, in case of occurrence of threat for his life, and for the people close to him and those of aristocratic level respected by him. In this study is also realized history of Gospel published in January, 1708 in Arabic at Ivan Mazepa’s expense in Aleppo (Syria), in topography, which was given to local Christians by master of Valakhiya Konstantin Brynkovyanu.

Rusia lui Voltaire

Author(s): Irina Vlăşcianu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2009

La Russie a commencé à exister en tant qu`Etat sur la carte philosophique et politique de l`Europe, à l’époque de l’affirmation des principes des Lumières Françaises. L’Occident a découvert la Russie grâce aux oeuvres historiques de Voltaire, L’Histoire de Charles XII, L’Histoire de Russie sous Pierre le Grand, et grâce à la correspondence du roi philosophe avec Catherine la Grande. Chacune des oeuvres historiques de Voltaire représente un tableau des réalités de la société russe au XVIII-ème siècle. En fait, il s’agit aussi d’une illustration de la théorie voltairienne sur Le Grand Homme, l’homme qui crée des nations comme l’ont fait Pierre le Grand et Catherine la Grande. Voltaire n’a jamais voyagé en Russie et c’est pourquoi il n’a pas connu la vraie Russie: la Russie de l’illettrisme, du servage et de l’autocratie. La Russie des Lumières françaises est une Russie européenne, une Russie qui n’appartient plus aux moeurs barbares, une Russie qui se trouve sur la voie du progrès et de la civilisation. La Russie voltairienne est le royaume des plus grands réformateurs et monarques que l’Europe a jamais connus: Pierre le Grand et Catherine la Grande.