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Jono Jokūbo Kvanto akademinės veiklos ataskaita: Karaliaučiaus universiteto Lietuvių kalbos seminaras 1724 m.

Jono Jokūbo Kvanto akademinės veiklos ataskaita: Karaliaučiaus universiteto Lietuvių kalbos seminaras 1724 m.

Author(s): Birutė Triškaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 23/2021

The article introduces a document found in the Secret State Archives Prussian Cultural Heritage Foundation (Germ. Geheimes Staatsarchiv Preußischer Kulturbesitz; GStA PK: I. HA GR, Rep. 7 Preußen, Nr. 187 [1716–1729]) in Berlin that sheds new light on the seminar of the Lithuanian language – the first centre for teaching Lithuanian – that was founded at the Faculty of Theology of the Königsberg University in late 1720s. It is an academic account by Johann Jacob Quandt (1686–1772), the chief preacher of the court and the then dean of the Faculty of Theology of the Königsberg University and the fourth professor of theology in ordinary, who ran the seminar of the Lithuanian language between 1723 and 1727. This account provides insights into the early activities of the seminar that have not been documented in much detail so far. Neither the account nor any of its three appendices – lists of students attending Quandt’s courses – are dated. Based on other documents in the same archive file and the Christian holidays to which the account refers, Quandt’s account has been dated between 28 December 1724 and 11 January 1725, and the data that it contains cover the first half of the 1724– 1725 winter semester: October–December of 1724. Quandt’s account shows that during the winter semester of 1724–1725, the seminar of the Lithuanian language at the Königsberg University was attended by thirty theological students. Theology and language was taught twice daily between 10 and 11 AM and between 3 and 4 PM. The seminar under Quandt’s management continued to apply the so-called collegium privatissimum, the teaching method of its first supervisor, Heinrich Lysius (1670–1731). The names of the seminar attendees from that period are documented in the second appendix to Quandt’s account titled ‘Beyl. B. Auditores Seminarii Lithvanici’: these were Peter Gottlieb Mielcke (1695–1753), who was in his second year as a teacher, Gottfried Boeckel (?–after 1724), Samuel Boeckel (?–after 1724), Alexander Deutschmann (?–after 1724), Michael Sigismund Engel (1700–1758), Carl Julius Fleischmann (1704–1778), Christophor Daniel Franck (?–after 1724), Georg Friedrich Gehrke (?–after 1724), Heinrich Grabau (Grabovius, ?–after 1724), Friedrich Wilhelm Haack (1707–1754), Georg Ernst Klemm (1701–1774), Johann Friedrich Leo (1696–1759), Christophorus (Georg) Liebe (1705–1764), Joachim Friedrich Mey (?– after 1724), Johann Friedrich Mülner (?–after 1724), Jacob Friedrich Naugardt (1694–1751), Friedrich Gottlieb Perbandt (?–after 1724), Adam Heinrich Pilgrim (1702–1757), Heinrich Preuss (?–after 1728), Christoph Rabe (?–after 1724), Heinrich Ernst Rabe (1707/1708–1744), Gottlieb Richter (1707–1775), Johann Richter (1705–1754), Friedrich Rosenberg (?–1727), Adam Friedrich Schimmelpfennig (1699–1763), Ernst Gottfried Schimmelpfennig (1704– 1768), Martin Schimmelpfennig (1706–1778), Gottfried Schumacher (1704–1786), Friedrich Sigismund Schuster (1703–after 1732), Johann Trentovius (Trentowski, 1700–1765). Seven of them attended the seminar back in the winter semester of 1723–1724 and were among the first attendees of the seminar of the Lithuanian language under Quandt after it had been reinstated in 1723. Peter Gottlieb Mielcke was the first teacher at the reinstated seminar. During the winter semester of 1724–1725, the age of the theological students attending the seminar of the Lithuanian language at the Königsberg University was between 17 and 30. Most of them were from Prussian Lithuania. After finishing their studies, at least 19 of the attendees were ordained priests and served in Lithuanian parishes. Out of the thirty students who signed the second appendix to Quandt’s account, at least one-half have not been known as attendees of the seminar of the Lithuanian language yet. Even though the Pietist Georg Friedrich Rogall was very critical towards the seminar of the Lithuanian language under the orthodox Lutheran Quandt in his 1725 letter to August Hermann Francke (1663–1727), professor of theology at the Halle University, it is beyond any dispute that the seminar had brought up a new generation of authors of Lithuanian writings. Six of the theological students who attended the seminar in the winter semester of 1724–1725 had become involved in Lithuanistic activity, albeit from the camps of two protestant movements – the orthodox Lutherans and the Pietists. Three of them – Peter Gottlieb Mielcke, Adam Heinrich Pilgrim, and Adam Friedrich Schimmelpfennig – were actively involved in Johann Jacob Quandt’s project that aimed to renew and enhance the repertoire of religious Lithuanian literature. Three others – Johann Richter, Friedrich Wilhelm Haack (by the way, he became involved in Lithuanistic activity with his proof-reading of the 1727 New Testament published by Quandt in Lithuanian), and Martin Schimmelpfennig – later went to Halle, the centre of Pietism, where they became teachers at the seminar of the Lithuanian language that was founded there in 1727 and drafted Lithuanian books. Quandt’s pupils made a significant contribution to the breakthrough in Lithuanian writings between the 1730s and 1760s.

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Kalba ir tapatybė Kristijono Gotlybo Milkaus žodyno Littauisch-deutsches und Deutsch-littauisches Wörter-Buch (1800) pratarmėse: diskurso analizė

Kalba ir tapatybė Kristijono Gotlybo Milkaus žodyno Littauisch-deutsches und Deutsch-littauisches Wörter-Buch (1800) pratarmėse: diskurso analizė

Author(s): Ona Aleknavičienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 23/2021

The article deals with the discourse pertaining to the ties between the Lithuanian language and identity in the Prussian Kingdom at the cusp of the 18th and the 19th centuries. The main sources here are four forewords to Christian Gottlieb Mielcke’s (Lith. Kristijonas Gotlybas Milkus) dictionary Littauisch-deutsches und Deutsch-littauisches Wörter-Buch (1800) as monologue texts sharing the following elements: (1) the subject of the focus (the view of the language and the nation); (2) the direct context (book publication); (3) the historical context (the political situation in the Prussian Kingdom at the cusp of the 18th and the 19th centuries); (4) the target (German reader); (5) the contents (descriptive and evaluative statements about the language and the nation). Discourse analysis is applied as a methodological access-way. In this discourse, views of the language and the nation were articulated by persons holding different positions: (1) Christian Gottlieb Mielcke, cantor at the Evangelic Lutheran Church of Pilkalnis; (2) Daniel Jenisch, philosopher and Evangelic Lutheran priest of Berlin; (3) Christoph Friedrich Heilsberg, counsellor at the House of War and Domains in Königsberg, school counsellor in Königsberg; (4) philosopher Immanuel Kant. Since Heilsberg initiated Mielcke’s foreword in April of 1799 and wrote one himself in December of 1799, brokered the deal between Mielcke and the printing house and kept correspondence with all the authors, he could have provided an impetus for writing forewords to others, and then given them the conditions to rely on the texts by one another to formulate a relevant discourse about the Lithuanian language and nation. All four forewords target the German reader. The authors of the forewords imagined the target differently, with Mielcke and Heilsberg approaching it from a rather pragmatic, Jenisch and Kant, a scientific position. Mielcke identified five target groups: priests, teachers, lawyers, translators, merchants; according to Heilsberg, these were public servants, lawyers, merchants, and teachers, hence both of them were focusing on the non-Lithuanians whose duty it was to proliferate general and religious teaching, solve legal and administrative issues, engage in trade. Jenisch and Kant primarily focused on members of the scientific and educational tribe. As representatives of different trades, the authors of the forewords also differed in their descriptions of the underlying subject of the discourse: 1. Mielcke defined the range of the Lithuanian language that had expanded in the Prussian Kingdom after the Third Partition of the Polish–Lithuanian (1795) and the need for it to be learned by non-Lithuanians, in the New Eastern Prussia post annexation in particular, to facilitate the formation of communications. In his description of the key users of the Lithuanian language, he also addressed the cultural (language, customs, traditions) and social (rustic origin) aspects of identity. 2. Jenisch considered the Lithuanian language scientifically valuable due to how old it was, its affinity with other languages, and the conservation of the characteristic features of the parent language, yet predicted its demise and raised the question of recording it for science. Jenisch approached all languages as tools for the formation and preservation of the nation’s character, and considered language and customs to be the key elements of the individuality of nations and, by the same margin, the cultural identity of Lithuanians. He saw the national Lithuanian pride and distrust towards foreigners (that could only be turned into trust when these latter spoke Lithuanian) as negative traits. Jenisch tied the disappearance of the old views and the cultural advancement with education and contacts with the western neighbouring nations; hence he approached the introduction of the German language as the right tool for the expansion of education and culture. 3. Heilsberg perceived language as a critical element of national identity, and considered phraseology a tool for the formation and upkeep of cultural identity. He highlighted that loss of language would lead to loss of virtue, a conception that was supported by the Lithuanians in their own right. According to Heilsberg, the second language-related loss would be the loss of national characteristics. By contrast to Jenisch, Heilsberg did not see any merit in introducing a single language for the whole state and even considered harmful the impact of the German language and customs on the Lithuanians, which became manifest through acculturation. Heilsberg approached the pride of the Lithuanians as a defence mechanism, and considered their modesty towards other nations – new German settlers and other foreigners in particular – as strength of character and consistency, rather than a flaw like Jenisch did. 4. Referring to Jenisch and Heilsberg, Kant stressed that efforts had to be made to preserve the unique character of the Prussian Lithuanian, and since the language was the key tool for its formation and conservation, its purity had to be protected as well. Kant did not address the issue of the survival of the language as such, the main highlight of his foreword being the conservation of the purity of language for two purposes: (1) so that the nation could develop and preserve its national identity; (2) so that the language could be used as a tool for scientific research. Contrary to Jenisch, Kant did not envision the demise of the language but rather suggested instruments to preserve the languages of the small nations, which consisted of using the language in its pure form to teach in schools and at church, and using it as such to the broadest extent possible. The essence of Kant’s foreword as a post scriptum is to underscore one important thing that had been omitted by the other authors: rather than just any kind of language, the nations per se and the science investigating the history of nations and states were concerned with language in its pure form – authentic, unique, unaffected by others. The discourse that took shape at the cusp of the 18th and the 19th centuries on the occasion of Mielcke’s dictionary and grammar being published has showed that the role of the language in the process of formation and upkeep of the nation’s identity was perceived to be unique: it was an instrument for constructing a cultural and social identity and not just a tool for communication. The Lithuanian language was also seen a symbol of the unique culture of the region, its continued existence considered to be under threat and envisioned in different scenarios. Thanks to Jenisch being able to rely on Mielcke’s foreword, Heilsberg, on the forewords by Jenisch and Mielcke, and Kant, on all three of them, the discourse is peppered with elements of peaceful dialogue and opposition, leading to a multifaceted analysis of the underlying issue that has highlighted the understanding for the ties between the language and identity at the cusp of the 18th and the 19th centuries and provided a pillar for its research later on.

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Pamokslai vairingose materijose, sakyti Ambroziejaus Pabrėžos

Pamokslai vairingose materijose, sakyti Ambroziejaus Pabrėžos

Author(s): Roma Bončkutë / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 23/2021

Review of: "Pamokslai vairingose materijose, sakyti Ambroziejaus Pabrėžos", Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, 2020, 815 p. ISBN 978-609-411-278-2

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Tipuri istorice de proprietate şi de organizare a exploataţiilor agricole

Tipuri istorice de proprietate şi de organizare a exploataţiilor agricole

Author(s): Ioan Ungureanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLVII/2018

This document presents, first of all some names corresponding to the types of ownership and agricultural undertakings adopted from their sources, in various European countries, as well as those with native origin, such as „elder” a term defining the first owner of the land on which a particular village was settled. Through division by inheritance, the heirs of the „elder” will be the owners of parts stemming from him, as was the case of the Iurașcu Family line. Medieval measurement units for land and their equivalent in the metric system are also presented. At the same times examples are given for the first agricultural associations of new landowners and the transition to agriculture collectivization following 1949, as well as the abolishment of cooperative and state units after 1991, which ended up in the disastrous drop of agricultural prodiction. In the end, we present several examples regarding the recovery of some agricultural undertakings and animal farms through the association of growers or through purchase by a certain owner.

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Nazwiska mieszkańców parafii Turgiele i okolic w latach 1756-1766 - wybrane problemy badawcze

Nazwiska mieszkańców parafii Turgiele i okolic w latach 1756-1766 - wybrane problemy badawcze

Author(s): Božena Žilo / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2020

Surnames are one of many subjects of linguistic research. They are particularly interesting in border areas, which are multicultural, multi-ethnic and multilingual. One of these areas is the Turgiele parish in the Vilnius region. This article discusses selected research problems arising the process of genetic analysis of surnames documented in the registers of the Turgiele parish in the years 1756-1766. Particular attention was paid to the problem of multi-motivation of surnames, which can be etymologized in several languages (Lithuanian, Polish and the East Slavic languages), multi-motivation of sur-names ending in -ski/-cki and hybrid forms.

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Kurzemes hercogu bibliotēka (1561–1701) un tās franču resursi

Kurzemes hercogu bibliotēka (1561–1701) un tās franču resursi

Author(s): Simona Sofija Valke / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 41/2020

Rakstā tiek pētīta Kurzemes hercogu bibliotēka, kas 18. gadsimta sākumā kā Lielā Ziemeļu kara trofeja tiek nogādāta Rīgā un pēc tam, pēc Krievijas imperatora Pētera I pavēles, pārvesta uz Pēterburgu, kur iekļauta Krievijas Zinātņu akadēmijas bibliotēkas sastāvā. Pēterburgā tapušais Kurzemes hercogu bibliotēkas grāmatu uzskaites katalogs, kura precīzs izveidošanas gads nav zināms, sniedz ziņas par tajā ietilpstošajām grāmatām franču valodā. Tomēr Krievijas Zinātņu akadēmijas bibliotēkas 1829. gadā veiktais dāvinājums Helsinku Aleksandra universitātes bibliotēkai uzrāda franču grāmatas no Kurzemes hercogu bibliotēkas, kuras nav tikušas reģistrētas minētajā katalogā. Rakstā tiek veikta ar bibliotēkas pārvietošanu saistītās pieejamās pētnieciskās literatūras salīdzinoša analīze un grāmatu uzskaites dokumentu izpēte, kā arī apskatīti franču valodas pieaugošo izplatību ierosinošie faktori un veikta Kurzemes hercogu bibliotēkas franču resursu izcelsmes vietu, izdošanas gadu un arī vispārēja tematiska analīze.

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Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes senās monētu kolekcijas

Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes senās monētu kolekcijas

Author(s): Viktors Dāboliņš / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 41/2020

This article covers the oldest coin and medal collections in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia with a view to historical knowledge formation. The ideological basis for, methods and principles applied to, and basic problems associated with assembling these collections are each explained. The collecting of coins and medals in Courland began at the end of the 17th and beginning of the 18th centuries, simultaneous with the spread of collecting in Riga and Livonia. At present, three collections of coins and medals are known, those belonging to Magnus von Torck, Samuel Rhanäus and Christoph Georg Ziegenhorn. The registers or copies of von Torck’s and Rhanäus’s collections are the oldest known sources for coin collecting in the territory of present-day Latvia which have been preserved to this day. The registers were compiled at the beginning of the 18th century and are structurally identical because their author was Samuel Rhanäus. The coin descriptions are very primitive, basically indicating their legends, their number in the collection, and the time they had been struck. The legends are approximate and often invented. Overall, the information is of low credibility, making it impossible to completely reconstruct the composition of the collections. The collections have been formed according to the local-historical principle, including only those coins and medals struck in former Livonia and under Polish and Swedish rule. The most problematic for collectors were coinages from the Middle Ages through to the 16th century, when no dating and more complete legends, which would have helped with identifying the coins, were not included. In trying to reconstruct the possible activities of the early collectors, it may be concluded that they worked with very limited knowledge and skills. No catalogue or other publication that would provide information on Livonian coins had yet appeared, the local archives were usually inaccessible, and there were only a very limited number of publications that would present the necessary genealogical information on the seigneurs of Livonia. All of the above conditions gave rise to legends and descriptions containing various interpretations and fantasies. Despite the minimal contribution of the early collectors to Baltic numismatics, it can be observed, even at this early stage, the interdisciplinary character of this subbranch of history.

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SOFT LAW AND SOVEREIGNTY – FROM A POLITICAL TO A LEGAL LIMITATION

SOFT LAW AND SOVEREIGNTY – FROM A POLITICAL TO A LEGAL LIMITATION

Author(s): Dragutin Avramović / Language(s): English Issue: 3-4/2021

Firstly, the author analyses the theory of sovereignty from the point of its birth and then he considers more recent theoretical challenges facing the notion of sovereignty in a globalised world. Particular attention is paid to soft law – that new, formally non-binding source of international law in the light of its factual influence on the desovereignisation of states. The author holds the position that the relativisation of the notion of sovereignty has been a process that began already in the 18th century and that has only additionally accelerated with new challenges posed by globalisation. The author argues for the only possible and proper use of the notion of sovereignty in its original meaning as an absolute, completely unlimited, and indivisible power. On the other hand, he takes a critical approach not only to the theory of constitutional pluralism but also to the ideas of the state’s legal sovereignty. He pleads for rejection of separating different aspects of sovereignty, artificially distinguishing between the factual and legal sovereignty, as well as the external and internal sovereignty. While theoretically possible, it is of no practical use because the notion of sovereignty can only be correctly understood as a political and legal illimitability. For all other various modalities and attempts at relativising and grading sovereignty, from the 18th century to this day, different terms should be coined. Being mindful of the situation in most of the present-day states, the author advocates the introduction of the term "pseudo-sovereignty".

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John P. LeDonne, Forging a Unitary State: Russia’s Management of the Eurasian Space, 1650-1850

John P. LeDonne, Forging a Unitary State: Russia’s Management of the Eurasian Space, 1650-1850

Author(s): Witold J. Wilczyński / Language(s): Polish Issue: 39/2022

John P. LeDonne, „Forging a Unitary State: Russia’s Management of the Eurasian Space, 1650-1850“, University of Toronto Press, Toronto, Buffalo & London 2020, ss. 682, ISBN 978-14-875421-1-5

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Homo valachicus orientalis (1716–1859)

Homo valachicus orientalis (1716–1859)

Author(s): Bogdan Bucur / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2021

By 1829, the development gap between West and East (to which Wallachia belonged) had become abysmal. The geographic and scientific discoveries, the architectural styles, the musical genres, the artistic and literary trends of the time were completely unknown in Bucharest. The country was wholly absent from the international scientific world. During that time no Wallachian concerned themselves with the study of formal science (logic and mathematics), natural science (biology, physics, chemistry, astronomy), or applied science (engineering, agronomy, medicine, and pharmacy). Until 1829, Wallachia wasn’t able to offer the world a single astronomer, doctor, engineer, architect, mathematician, physicist, agronomist, pharmacist, painter, musician, etc. On the other hand, all of these professions—and their subsequent scientific disciplines—were well known in the West, since the Greco-Roman Antiquity, and following their rediscovery at the end of the Middle Ages. For instance, in 1850, the first Wallachian institution of higher education was created as part of Saint Sava Princely Academy (which was a high school; the University of Bucharest was founded much later, in 1864). Meanwhile, the University of Bologna (1088) had been around for 762 years. In 1836, when the first Wallachian public library was established, the Malatestiana Library of Cesena (1454) had been around for almost 400 years. Until 1859, Wallachia had an illiteracy rate of over 90%, similar to that of Western Europe in 1450, but also similar to that of the Roman Empire. Also, in 1841 we learn about the first paved road in Wallachia (in Bucharest), while in 1853, the existence of the first stone bridge over a stream was confirmed (built in Bucharest, over the Dâmboviþa River). At that time, 1,750 years had passed since Apollodorus of Damascus had built Trajan’s Bridge over the Danube, in order for the Roman armies to invade Dacia. While the first stone bridge was inaugurated in Bucharest in 1853, a year later, in 1854, one of the world’s most important engineering projects came to fruition in Austria: the Semmering Railway, which crossed the Alps through 14 tunnels dug in the mountains, and across 16 viaducts and 100 curved stone bridges. Looking at the visual arts, Urcarea lui Mavrogheni pe tron (The enthronement of Mavrogheni, 1786), by Iordache Venier (who was of Venetian origin), can be considered as the first modern painting in Wallachia. Autoportret (Selfportrait) by Nicolae Polcovnicul (1788–1842), a painting finished after 1800, can be seen as the first modern painting of a Wallachian painter. Meanwhile, 500 years had passed since Giotto’s death. In actual fact, in 1829 Wallachia was outside history.

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Historical Demography and Anthroponymy in the Settlements of the Bistra Valley (Bihor County), in the Urbarial Conscriptions from 1770

Historical Demography and Anthroponymy in the Settlements of the Bistra Valley (Bihor County), in the Urbarial Conscriptions from 1770

Author(s): Cosmin Patca,Sorin Șipoș,Laura Otilia Ardeleanu / Language(s): English Issue: Suppl. 1/2021

The settlements of the Bistra Valley represent a multi-ethnic and multi-denominational space. The Austro-Turkish military conflicts of the late 17th century caused great destruction and significant population displacement. The second half of the 18th century saw unprecedented population growth. The analysis of local anthroponymy based on urbarial conscriptions, in combination with other sources specific to the eighteenth century, highlights the evolution of the population, aspects pertaining to the ethnic and religious structure in the villages of the Bistra Valley at the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern Age.

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PRILOG POZNAVANJU BAŠTINE SLAVONSKE PLEMIĆKE OBITELJI ADAMOVIĆ ČEPINSKI

PRILOG POZNAVANJU BAŠTINE SLAVONSKE PLEMIĆKE OBITELJI ADAMOVIĆ ČEPINSKI

Author(s): Jasminka Najcer Sabljak,Silvija Lučevnjak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2021

The noble family of Adamović Čepinski was from the 18th century in possession of the Čepin, Tenje, Aljmaš and Erdut estates in Slavonia and Podunavlje as well as of some estates in Bačka; over the course of time, it split into the Čepin and Tenje factions. This text provides less known and yet unexplored data on the history of the Tenje family faction which from the 19th century owned an estate that had its seat in Velenje (Slovenia). They left significant traces in economic, cultural and political life and constituted a connection between present-day eastern Croatia and Slovenia at the time when these areas belonged to the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy, i.e. to the same constitutional and cultural circle. Although they sold the Tenje estate in the late 19th century, they remained connected to the estates in Erdut, Bačko Novo Selo and Ostrožac; after they sold Velenje, they continued to live there up until World War II. They strengthened their social position additionally through marital ties between notable families the relations of which reached to the Viennese Court, the Russian Imperial Court and the Court of Victorian England. A significant family bond was created with the politician and landlord Ervin Cseh de Szent-Katolna, the grand prefect of the Syrmia County. His stepson Ivan Albrecht Baron Adamović of Čepin was also prefect of the Syrmia and subsequently the Virovitica County. After World War II the family was deprived of all its estates in then Yugoslavia; however, after decades in exile the heirs were able to reclaim their estates in Croatia in part.

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Mănăstirea Răchitoasa

Mănăstirea Răchitoasa

Author(s): Laurentiu Chiriac / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XLI/2012

Dans cet article, l'auteur présente un bref historique du monastère Răchitoasa, département de Bacau. On présente, brièvement, l’histoire de l'évolution des bâtiments qui se sont succédés au fil du temps dans ces endroits.

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Biserica „Adormirea Maicii Domnului” din Iţcani, Suceava. Istoricul

Biserica „Adormirea Maicii Domnului” din Iţcani, Suceava. Istoricul

Author(s): Mihaela Băbuşanu Amalanci / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XL/2011

In this article (The Church of the Assumption from Iţcani, Suceava.The history), the author presents the history of the Church of the Assumption of Iţcani, Suceava former convent.

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CONTRIBUŢII PRIVIND HABITATUL MEDIEVAL TROTUŞEAN (1359-1740)

CONTRIBUŢII PRIVIND HABITATUL MEDIEVAL TROTUŞEAN (1359-1740)

Author(s): Corneliu Stoica / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XVIII-XIX/1987

En utilisant les deux méthodes d'investigation, la première chronologique, progressive, basée sur la totalité des sources historiques médiévales de la zone de Trotuş, et la deuxième régressive, supposant l'interprétation de toutes les sources statistiques (conscriptions, recensements etc.) de la période de passage du feudalisme au capitalisme (1741—1864), l'étude met en évidence certaines caractéristiques particulières de l'habitat médiéval de la zone de la Vallée de Trotuş, comme par exemple : l'évolution numérique des agglomérations humaines, la grandeur et la densité de celles-ci, le nombre approximatif d'habitants de cette zone tout le long du Moyen-Age.

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„Gdyby opatrzność dała mi kilka lat czasu,bezsprzecznie uczyniłbym z Paryża stolicę świata ”Paryż w czasach Napoleona

„Gdyby opatrzność dała mi kilka lat czasu,bezsprzecznie uczyniłbym z Paryża stolicę świata ”Paryż w czasach Napoleona

Author(s): Kamil Szadkowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 108/2021

The purpose of the article is to analyze the changes that took place in the urban fabric of Paris during the times of Napoleon (consulate and empire). So these will be buildings, monuments erected by Bonaparte himself, which were to serve the glory of his Grand Army, his own, but also Parisians, i.e. his subjects. Famous Parisian buildings will be discussed, such as: Triumphal Arch at Place de l’Étoile, Triumphal Arch at Place du Carrousel, church of St. Mary Magdalene, the Louvre, the Column on the Place Vendôme, Rue de Rivoli, three bridges built during his reign, etc. The article is divided into two main parts, the first of which focuses on the aforementioned discussion of buildings and their brief characteristics, the second part is devoted to Parisians – their numbers, their professions, etc. A specific epilogue touches on two other important places related to Napoleon, and they are Château de Malmaison and Les Invalides, which had and are so obviously related to the Emperor.

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Posljednja… Dnevnik Ane Jelisave Janković, posljednje iz grofovske porodice Jankovića Daruvarskih

Posljednja… Dnevnik Ane Jelisave Janković, posljednje iz grofovske porodice Jankovića Daruvarskih

Author(s): Ana Janković / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2016

The diary of Ana Jelisava Janković, Naklada Dobre štampe Zadruge S. O. J.: Slavonska Požega, 1933. (faksimil).

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STUDIUL SCHELETELOR DIN MORMINTELE DE LA BRAD, APARŢINÎND PERIODEI DACICE

STUDIUL SCHELETELOR DIN MORMINTELE DE LA BRAD, APARŢINÎND PERIODEI DACICE

Author(s): Onisim Botezatu,Georgeta Miu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: XX/1989

Săpăturile din necropola complexă de la Brad, comuna Negri, judeţul Bacău, conduse de arheologul Vasile Ursache (de la Muzeul de Istorie din Roman), au început îri anul 1963 şi au continuat pînă în anul 1981. CU această ocazie au fost scoase la iveală un număr de 450 schelete, dintre care marea majoritate aparţin perioadei feudale tîrzii (sec. XVII-XVIII e.n.).

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Jędrzej Kitowicz: Customs and Culture in Poland under the Last Saxon King

Jędrzej Kitowicz: Customs and Culture in Poland under the Last Saxon King

Author(s): Martin Faber / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2022

Review of: "Jędrzej Kitowicz: Customs and Culture in Poland under the Last Saxon King. The Major Texts of Opis obyczajów za panowania Augusta III (Description of Customs during the Reign of August III), 1728–1804.", Übers. und hrsg. von Oscar E. Swan, Central European University Press. Budapest –New York 2019. 396 S., Ill. ISBN 978-963-386-275-9.

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Jörg Hackmann: Geselligkeit in Nordosteuropa

Jörg Hackmann: Geselligkeit in Nordosteuropa

Author(s): Karsten Brüggemann / Language(s): German Issue: 1/2022

Review of: "Geselligkeit in Nordosteuropa.",Studien zu Vereinskultur, Zivilgesellschaft und Nationalisierungsprozessen in einer polykulturellen Region (1770–1950), Jörg Hackmann, (Veröffentlichungen des Nordost-Instituts, Bd. 19.) Harrassowitz Verlag. Wiesbaden 2020. 520S., Ill., Kt., graph. Darst. ISBN 978-3-447-11490-5.

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